History Flashcards
What is health according to the Medical Model?
Health is the absence of disease
This model views the body as a machine that needs fixing when broken.
What is health according to the Holistic Model (WHO 1947)?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease
This model broadens the medical model.
What is health according to the Wellness Model (WHO 1986 Ottawa Charter)?
Health is the extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment
Emphasizes health as a resource for everyday life.
What is a disadvantage of the Medical Model?
De-emphasizes mental and social health problems; prevention
Also focuses narrowly on specific physical diseases.
What is a disadvantage of the Holistic Model?
No distinctions between health and the factors that make us healthy
This can lead to confusion about health status.
What is a key advantage of the Wellness Model?
Moves away from health as a static state toward a dynamic model
It emphasizes active participation in life even with disabilities.
How did early humans learn about health?
By trial and error
This process led to the earliest forms of health education.
What did early humans attribute disease to?
Magical spirits
Disease was often seen as a punishment, leading to various protective rituals.
What significant public health advancements did the Minoans and Myceneans implement?
Built water flushing and drainage systems & toilets
These were among the earliest public health activities.
Who is considered the father of medicine?
Hippocrates
He is known for his observational practices and the Hippocratic Oath.
What significant medical contributions did Galen make?
Developed the Hippocratic Corpus and outlined health practices related to air, diet, and emotions
His work influenced medical understanding for centuries.
What was the perception of disease during the Middle Ages?
Disease was seen as a result of sin
This led to reliance on religion and superstition for cures.
What major public health challenge occurred during the Bubonic Plague?
Europe lost ¼ to 1/3 of its population
The cause of the plague was unknown at the time.
What technological advancement aided the spread of medical knowledge during the Renaissance?
Gutenberg’s printing press
It allowed works of Hippocrates and Galen to be distributed more widely.
What discovery did Antonie van Leeuwenhoek make?
He discovered the microscope
This advance played a crucial role in understanding disease.
What was the lifespan during the Age of Enlightenment?
About 40 years
Disease was increasingly associated with filth during this period.
What significant report did Edwin Chadwick publish in 1842?
Report on an Inquiry into the sanitary conditions of the laboring population of Great Britain
This report highlighted public health issues.
Who developed the Germ Theory of Disease?
Louis Pasteur
His work laid the foundation for modern microbiology.
What was Edward Jenner known for?
Developing the first vaccination against Smallpox in 1796
This marked the beginning of immunization.
When was the first IVF baby born?
1978
In vitro fertilization allowed infertile couples to have children.
What is the Lalonde Report known for?
Proposed a preventative approach to health and introduced the concept of the ‘health field’
It was published in Canada in 1974.
True or False: The Medical Model emphasizes mental and social health.
False
It focuses primarily on physical disease.
Fill in the blank: The _______ model emphasizes social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities.
[Wellness Model]
