history

Question 1

Advantages and Disadvantages (North & South):

Answer 1

North: More industry, larger population, better railroads; lacked strong military leadership.
South: Strong military leaders, fighting on home ground; fewer resources, smaller population.

Question 2

Causes of the Civil War:

Answer 2

Political: State vs. federal power, secession debate.
Social: Slavery, abolitionist movements, cultural divides.
Economic: Southern dependence on slavery vs. Northern industry.

Question 3

Differences between North & South:

Answer 3

North: Industrial, urban, free labor.
South: Agricultural, rural, slave labor.

Question 4

Missouri Compromise:

Answer 4

Maintained balance of free/slave states; Missouri = slave, Maine = free.

Question 5

Compromise of 1850:

Answer 5

California = free; stricter Fugitive Slave Act; popular sovereignty in new territories.

Question 6

Fugitive Slave Act:

Answer 6

Required citizens to return escaped slaves; angered abolitionists.

Question 7

Uncle Tom’s Cabin:

Answer 7

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel; highlighted slavery’s cruelty, fueled abolitionism.

Question 8

Dred Scott Decision:

Answer 8

Supreme Court ruled African Americans were not citizens; Congress couldn’t ban slavery in territories.

Question 9

Kansas-Nebraska Act/Bleeding Kansas:

Answer 9

Popular sovereignty for slavery; violence erupted between pro-/anti-slavery groups.

Question 10

John Brown’s Raid:

Answer 10

Attempt to spark a slave rebellion by seizing weapons at Harper’s Ferry.

Question 11

Election of 1860:

Answer 11

Lincoln elected; South feared abolition, led to secession.

Question 12

Reasons for Secession:

Answer 12

Protection of slavery, states’ rights, fear of Northern control.

Question 13

New Technology of the War:

Answer 13

Rifles, ironclads, railroads, telegraphs, balloons.

Question 14

Emancipation Proclamation:

Answer 14

Freed slaves in Confederate states; redefined war as fight for freedom.

Question 15

Fort Sumter:

Answer 15

First battle, Confederacy won.

Question 16

Battle of Bull Run:

Answer 16

First major battle, Confederate victory.

Question 17

Battle of Antietam

Answer 17

Bloodiest single day, Union claimed strategic victory.

Question 18

Battle of Gettysburg

Answer 18

Turning point, Union victory.

Question 19

Sherman’s March to the Sea:

Answer 19

Union total war strategy, devastated South.

Question 20

Appomattox Courthouse

Answer 20

Lee surrendered to Grant, ended war.

Question 21

Role of African Americans:

Answer 21

Massachusetts 54th: First Black regiment, fought bravely at Fort Wagner.

Question 22

13th Amendment:

Answer 22

Abolished slavery

Question 23

14th Amendment:

Answer 23

Granted citizenship and equal protection.

Question 24

15th Amendment

Answer 24

Voting rights for African American men.

Question 25

Reconstruction Plans:

Answer 25

Lincoln: Lenient, 10% Plan. Johnson: Similar to Lincoln, but lenient to South. Radical Republicans: Harsh on South, military districts.

Question 26

Treatment of African Americans:

Answer 26

Faced discrimination, violence, and limited rights.

Question 27

Jim Crow Laws:

Answer 27

Enforced segregation, denied rights.

Question 28

Sharecropping/Tenant Farming:

Answer 28

Trapped African Americans in poverty, debt cycle.

Question 29

Freedmen’s Bureau:

Answer 29

Helped freed slaves with education, jobs, and housing.

Question 30

Rise of the KKK:

Answer 30

Used violence/intimidation to suppress African Americans.

Question 31

Compromise of 1877:

Answer 31

Ended Reconstruction, removed troops from South.

Question 32

Industrial Revolution:

Answer 32

Positive Outcomes: Economic growth, innovation, urbanization. City Life Conditions: Overcrowding, poor sanitation, unsafe housing. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory: Deadly fire exposed poor working conditions.

Question 33

Inventions during industrial revolution:

Answer 33

Telephone, light bulb, assembly line, steam engines.

Question 34

Immigration push and pull factors:

Answer 34

Push Factors: War, poverty, persecution. Pull Factors: Jobs, freedom, land.

Question 35

Ellis Island:

Answer 35

Main entry for European immigrants; faster processing.

Question 36

European Immigrants:

Answer 36

Came for opportunities; faced discrimination.

Question 37

Angel Island:

Answer 37

Entry for Asian immigrants; stricter, harsher conditions.

Question 38

Asian Immigrants:

Answer 38

Worked in railroads, faced exclusion laws.

Question 39

Comparison of Ellis & Angel Island:

Answer 39

Ellis: European focus, quicker process. Angel: Asian focus, longer detention.

Question 40

Chinese Exclusion Act:

Answer 40

Banned Chinese immigration.

Question 41

Immigration Act of 1882:

Answer 41

Restricted immigrants based on health and wealth.

Question 42

Jim Crow Laws:

Answer 42

Segregation laws targeting African Americans.

Question 43

Restriction of Voting Rights:

Answer 43

Literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clauses.

Question 44

Plessy vs. Ferguson:

Answer 44

"Separate but equal" legalized segregation.

Question 45

US Motivations for Imperialism:

Answer 45

Economic: Resources, markets. Cultural: Spread democracy, “civilize” others. Political: Power, military bases.

Question 46

Imperialism:

Answer 46

Domination of weaker nations for economic/political gain.

Question 47

Annexation of Hawaii:

Answer 47

Overthrew monarchy for resources, military base. (sugar cane)

Question 48

Native Americans in the 20th Century:

Answer 48

Dawes Act: Divided tribal land. Carlisle Boarding School: Assimilation of Native children.

Question 49

Spanish-American War:

Answer 49

US gained Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam.

Question 50

Panama Canal:

Answer 50

Connected Atlantic and Pacific; boosted trade.

Question 51

Dollar Diplomacy:

Answer 51

Economic influence in Latin America.

Question 52

Moral Diplomacy:

Answer 52

Promote democracy, human rights.

Question 53

Big Stick Diplomacy:

Answer 53

Military strength to achieve goals.

Question 54

Debates over Annexation:

Answer 54

Some favored expansion; others opposed imperialism/colonialism.