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GK > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

1
Q

Who were the first Europeans to discover a direct sea route to India?

A

Portuguese

The Portuguese were the pioneers in finding a direct maritime route to India.

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2
Q

What significant discovery did Vasco da Gama make in 1498?

A

He discovered India via the Cape of Good Hope

Vasco da Gama became the first person to link Europe and Asia by an ocean route.

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3
Q

How much profit did Vasco da Gama make from his first cargo in the European market?

A

60 times the cost of his voyage

This significant profit highlighted the lucrative nature of trade with India.

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4
Q

When did Vasco da Gama return to India for the second time?

A

1501 AD

This return was part of his ongoing efforts to establish Portuguese trade in India.

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5
Q

What trading factory did Vasco da Gama set up in India?

A

A trading factory at Cannanore

Cannanore was one of the significant Portuguese centers in India.

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6
Q

Which three locations emerged as significant Portuguese centers in India?

A

Calicut, Cannanore, and Cochin

These cities were crucial for Portuguese trade and influence in India.

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7
Q

Who was appointed as the first Portuguese governor in India in 1505 AD?

A

Francisco de Almeida

His appointment marked the beginning of formal Portuguese governance in India.

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8
Q

What policy did the Portuguese formulate to control the Indian Ocean?

A

‘Blue Water Policy’

This policy aimed to establish Portuguese dominance over maritime trade routes.

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9
Q

Who was the second Portuguese governor in India?

A

Alfonso de Albuquerque

He played a vital role in expanding Portuguese power in India.

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10
Q

What significant territorial acquisition did Albuquerque achieve in 1510 AD?

A

He captured Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur

This event was crucial in establishing Portuguese control in the region.

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11
Q

When was Goa made the capital city of Portuguese India?

A

1530

Goa became the administrative center for Portuguese activities in India.

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12
Q

What significant action did Alfonso de Albuquerque take in India in 1515?

A

Banned the sati system

The sati system involved the practice of a widow self-immolating on her husband’s funeral pyre.

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13
Q

Which religion did the Portuguese spread along the western and eastern coast of India?

A

Catholicism

The spread of Catholicism included the establishment of missions and churches.

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14
Q

What crops did the Portuguese bring to India?

A

Tobacco, potato, tomato

These crops became significant in Indian agriculture and cuisine.

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15
Q

What was the first scientific work published in India, and where was it published?

A

Indian Medicinal Plants, published at Goa in 1563

This work contributed to the documentation of the medicinal uses of local flora.

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16
Q

When was the first printing press established in India, and where?

A

1556 AD at Goa

This marked the beginning of printing and publishing in India.

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17
Q

What system did the Portuguese define for maritime trade?

A

Cartaze System

This system regulated maritime trade and established Portuguese supremacy at sea.

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18
Q

What is the name of the people from the Netherlands?

A

Dutch

The term ‘Dutch’ refers to the inhabitants of the Netherlands.

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19
Q

When was the United East India Company of the Netherlands formed?

A

1602

This company was granted the right to trade in the East Indies, including India.

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20
Q

Who was the first Dutch person to come to India?

A

Cornelis de Houtman

His arrival marked the beginning of Dutch involvement in Indian trade.

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21
Q

Where did the Dutch establish their first factory in India?

A

Masulipatnam in Andhra Pradesh

This factory was established in 1605.

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22
Q

On which coast did the Dutch set up factories in India?

A

Coromandel Coast, Bengal, Bihar, Orissa

These locations were chosen for their commercial potential.

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23
Q

What significant military action did the Dutch take in 1671 AD?

A

Captured Portuguese forts on the Malabar Coast

This action was part of the Dutch efforts to expand their control in the region.

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24
Q

What was the duration of the Dutch presence on the Indian subcontinent?

A

1605 AD to 1825 AD

This period marks the establishment and decline of Dutch colonial influence in India.

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25
Q

What was the outcome of the Battle of Bedra in 1759?

A

The Dutch were defeated by the British

This battle was a significant conflict that impacted Dutch colonial ambitions in India.

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26
Q

Where were the Dutch factories established in India?

A

West = Surat, East = Bengal, South = Masulipatnam

These factories served as trading posts for the Dutch East India Company.

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27
Q

What year was the East India Company established?

A

1599

The East India Company was established as the Merchant Adventurers in England.

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28
Q

Who granted the charter to the East India Company?

A

Queen Elizabeth I in 1600

The charter allowed the East India Company to trade in the East Indies.

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29
Q

What was the first factory established by the British in India?

A

Surat

The factory was set up after obtaining permission from Jahangir in 1608 AD.

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30
Q

Who was the first governor of the East India Company?

A

Thomas Smith

31
Q

What ship did the British use to arrive in India?

A

Red Dragon

32
Q

Which town was declared the first Presidency town by the British?

A

Calcutta in 1700

33
Q

What document did the Mughal ruler Farrukhsiyar issue for trade facilities to the British?

A

The Farman in 1717

34
Q

List the factories established by the British in India.

A
  • Surat
  • Masulipatnam
  • Bombay
  • Calcutta
35
Q

What colonies were established by the British in India?

A
  • Chandranagar (West Bengal)
  • Yanam (Andhra Pradesh)
  • Puducherry (Tamil Nadu)
  • Mahe (Kerala)
36
Q

Who were the key figures associated with the British East India Company?

A
  • Francis Day
  • Job Charnock
  • Gerold Angier
37
Q

What year was the French East India Company formed?

A

1664 AD

38
Q

What was the capital of the French Colony in India?

A

Pondicherry

39
Q

What was the first factory established by the French in India?

A

Surat in 1668 AD

40
Q

What significant township did the French set up in Bengal?

A

Chandernagore in 1673 AD

41
Q

Who is regarded as the founder of Pondicherry?

A

Francois Martin

42
Q

What was the Battle of Wandiwash fought over?

A

It was fought between the British and the French in 1760.

43
Q

Who led the British army during the Battle of Wandiwash?

A

Ayrcoot

44
Q

Who was the French commander during the Battle of Wandiwash?

A

The Comte-de-Lally

45
Q

What was the outcome of the Battle of Wandiwash?

A

The French were defeated.

46
Q

What significant battle occurred in Bengal in 1757?

A

Battle of Plassey

47
Q

Fill in the blank: The Black Hole Tragedy occurred on _______.

A

20 June 1756

48
Q

What were the causes of the Battle of Plassey?

A
  • Large scale misuse of trade privileges
  • Non-payment of taxes and duties
  • Fortification of Calcutta without permission
49
Q

How did Robert Clive influence the Battle of Plassey?

A

He bribed Mir Jafar, promising to make him the Nawab of Bengal.

50
Q

When was the War of Plassey fought?

A

June 23, 1757

The battle took place near Calcutta on the banks of the Bhagirathi River.

51
Q

Who fought in the War of Plassey?

A

The army of Siraj-ud-daulah and the British East India Company

Siraj-ud-daulah was the Nawab of Bengal.

52
Q

Who led the English army in the War of Plassey?

A

Robert Clive

53
Q

Which generals betrayed Nawab Siraj-ud-daulah during the War of Plassey?

A

Mir Jafar and Diwan Raidurlabh

54
Q

What was the outcome for Mir Jafar after the War of Plassey?

A

He became the Nawab of Bengal

55
Q

Who is considered the founder of the British Empire in India?

A

Robert Clive

He defeated Siraj-ud-daulah in the Battle of Plassey.

56
Q

When did the Battle of Buxar occur?

A

1764

57
Q

What agreement did Mir Qasim enter into after becoming Nawab?

A

Agreement with Halliwell to hand over Zamindari of Midnapore and Chittagong to the Company

58
Q

Why did Mir Qasim shift the capital from Murshidabad?

A

To avoid British interference

59
Q

What military changes did Mir Qasim implement?

A

Formed an army on the European model and established cannon and gun factories

60
Q

What economic reforms did Mir Qasim attempt to implement?

A

End financial corruption and abolish all taxes on internal trade

61
Q

Who was Shuja-ud-Daula?

A

Nawab of Awadh

Shuja-ud-Daula was a prominent leader in the Indian subcontinent during the 18th century.

62
Q

Who was Mir Qasim?

A

Nawab of Bengal

Mir Qasim was another key figure in the resistance against British colonial expansion.

63
Q

When was the Battle of Buxar fought?

A

22 October 1764

This date is crucial in understanding the timeline of British colonial expansion in India.

64
Q

Who were the three allies against the British in the Battle of Buxar?

A

Shuja-ud-Daula, Mir Qasim, Shah Alam II

These leaders formed a coalition to resist British dominance in India.

65
Q

Who led British in battle of buxar

A

Hector munro

66
Q

Battle of buxar result

A

*British won

*Treaty of allahabad (shah alam2 and robert clive) - gave revenue collection (diwani rights) to British.
And 26 lakh per year to king.

  • Shuja ud daula - got nizamat functions (handle law and order, military)
    And a amount of 53 lakhs to company.
67
Q

Mysore dynasty was

A

Vijaynagar empire-> Wodeyar Dynasty (1565) -> Hyder ali (1760)

68
Q

Who was called Tiger of Mysore

A

Tipu sultan

69
Q

Club joined by tipu sultan

A

Jacobean club of France (established a strong naval board)

70
Q

How many Anglo Mysore wars are there

A

4
(In 18th century)

71
Q

1st anglo mysore war

A

Hyder ali vs British
(Nizam of Hyderabad, marathas pulled back)
*1767-69
* Brits lost
* Treaty of madras

72
Q

2nd Anglo Mysore war

A

*1780-84
* No winner
*hyder ali died
*Warren Hastings
*Treaty of manglore

73
Q

3rd Anglo Mysore war

A
  • tipu vs cornwallis
    *1790-92
  • Tipu defeated
  • Treaty of srirangpatnam

GK (5 decks)

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