history Flashcards
James Stuart
The king of England before Charles I. James argued
with parliament over money and power. So, when
Charles I came to power, parliament were already
annoyed with the monarchy.
Charles I
● Argued with parliament over religion, money
and power.
● Charles wanted parliament to agree to all his
demands such as raising money and raising
new taxes to pay for war.s eg with Scotland.
Parliament, on the other hand, wanted to help
Charles spend more time making decisions.
They often said NO to Charles’ demands.
Personal rule
from 1629
Charles kept becoming angry with parliament saying
no to his demands. When they disagreed with him,
Charles dismissed them and ruled without their help.
In 1629, Charles dismissed parliament and ruled
without them for 11 years. This is called the ‘personal
rule’ period.
*Decisions about a country were better made by a
group of people rather than the king alone.
William Laud
He became the Archbishop of Canterbury. Like
Charles, he was an Arminian-a type of Protestant that
favoured many aspects of the Catholic Church.
Protestants worried Charles and Laud would turn the
Church of England Catholic.
Ship Money
an existing tax that people living on the
coast paid so they would be protected in the event of
an invasion. Charles decided in 1634, to expand the
tax so that all people had to pay it. Many MPs were
furious as they didn’t agree to this
Arminians
a type of Protestant that favoured many
aspects of the Catholic Church.
Puritans
extreme Protestants who believed in the
purity of religion-a focus on prayer without
celebrations such as parties at Christmas or
decorative stained-glass windows in churches.
Prayer book in Scotland
Charles was King of both England and Scotland. Laud
and Charles wanted Scotland to have the English
prayer book and tried forcing them to agree to this.
Charles wanted to go to war with Scotland over this
but parliament disagreed.
The three Puritan critics
Three leading Puritans criticised Archbishop Laud’s
reforms such as forcing the Scots to change their
prayer book. Charles ordered their ears be cut off in
public to show that he would not accept criticism.
Many people were angry about their punishment,
feeling it was very unfair.
prayer book
The prayer book is a book with the words of prayers
and hymns in. It is not the Bible which tells stories
such as how the universe was created and the life of
Jesus
The Long Parliament
In 1640, Charles recalled parliament as he wanted
money for the war with Scotland. Parliament were so
angry about the previous times they had been
dismissed that they issued a long list of complaints
about Charles called the Grand Remonstrance
The armies
● The King’s army was the Royalist or Cavalier
Army.
● Parliament’s army was the Parliament Army
or the Roundheads. They became the New
Model Army under Oliver Cromwell. Cromwell
trained them, paid them wages and ensured
they became a well disciplined army who
cared about their cause. These were all things
the King’s army didn’t have.
The English Civil War
● The name of the war between King Charles I
and parliament.
● The King declared war first.
● Parliament won the war and Charles I was put
on trial for treason against the people
How did people choose whether to support Charles I
or parliament?
Charles I-people felt they should stay loyal to the king.
Or, they might worry that if Charles won the war, he
might punish anyone who hadn’t suppported him.
Also, because many people believed Charles had divine
right, they didn’t want to anger God.
Parliament-Many believed parliament were right to
challenge Charles’ domineering and undemocratic
rule. They believed that if parliament won, they would
have a fairer ruler.
Consequences of the English Civil War
● Charles I was executed
● Oliver Cromwell became the leader of England
which was now a republic-a country run by a
parliament rather than by a monarch
