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1
Q

before the explorations, where did the Europeans gain knowledge about India and China?

A

Marcopolo

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2
Q

when did the explorations take place (europe)?

A

end of the 15th century

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3
Q

name the commercial cities that are located around the mediterranean?

A

Genoa, Venice, Alexandria and Constantinople

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4
Q

Name a sea near constantinople?

A

black sea

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5
Q

name the main route which trade relationships were maintained between asia and europe and elaborate

A

the route from the city of constantinople to china through persia and central asia

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6
Q

name another route which trade relationships were maintained between asia and europe and elaborate

A

arriving in Misra from constantinople through the mediterranean and reading the Indian ocean sailing through the red sea

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7
Q

name the 3rd route which trade relationships were maintained between asia and europe and elaborate

A

reaching the western coast of india from constantinople through the persian gulf

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8
Q

where were the goods transported along the silk route sent to?

A

the city of constantinople

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9
Q

where were the goods transported through the red sea and misra sent to?

A

to Alexandria

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10
Q

from whom were the goods transported through the red sea and misra sent to alexandria?

A

from the traders of Venice and Genoa

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11
Q

From what were the goods transported along overland routes?

A

by pack animals

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12
Q

name a factor that influenced carrying out of explorations

A

the capturing of constantinople by turks and blocking of traditional trade routes of the europeans

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13
Q

when was constantinople captured?

A

1453

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14
Q

give reasons for why europe had a fitting background formed for explorations.

A

new scientific inventions
and the transformation that took place in the renaissance era

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15
Q

namea few scientific inventions that helped europe to have a fitting background formed for explorations

A

Ptolemy’s map
Compass

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16
Q

name 3 countries that gave patronage for explorations

A

england, portugal and spain

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17
Q

The first European to arrive in Asia

A

Vasco da Gama

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18
Q

What was the famous statement made by Vasco da gama?

A

We have come here in search of christians and spices.

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19
Q

Where did Vasco Da Gama end up in?

A

India

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20
Q

what was the myth about? and who ruled that country?

A

a Christian state in the East under the leadership of a ruler named Prestor John

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21
Q

What are the leading countries that were involved in the explorations?

A

Spain and Portugal

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22
Q

What are the other countries that were involved in the explorations?

A

England, France and Holland

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23
Q

name the two countries that are located in the iberian peninsula

A

spain and portugal

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24
Q

what is the largest country in the iberian peninsula?

A

spain

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25
Q

who started a school of oceanic navigation and what was his nationality

A

the portuguese navigator named henry the navigator

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26
Q

when did he start the school of navigation?

A

15th century

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27
Q

when did Vasco da Gama reach the city of Calicut?

A

in 1498

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28
Q

name a royal couple in spain

A

isabella and ferdinand

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29
Q

when did christopher columbus carry out an exploration? and under the auspices of whom?

A

in 1492 and under the auspices of ferdinand and isabella

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30
Q

what is named as “west indies” and what did christopher colombus think it was?

A

in Bahamas
he thought it was India

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31
Q

who explored the southern end of africa?

A

bartolomeu dias

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32
Q

who took the route of the cape of good hope and landed in india?

A

vasco da gama

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33
Q

name 2 explorers in portugal

A

vasco da gama and bartolomeu dias

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34
Q

name 5 explorers in spain

A
  1. christopher columbus
  2. amerigo vespucci
  3. ferdinand magellan
  4. ferdinando cortes
  5. francisco pizerro
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35
Q

what country did ferdinando cortes discover?

A

mexico

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36
Q

what country did francisco pizarro discover?

A

peru

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37
Q

what did amerigo vespucci discover?

A

america

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38
Q

name a route discovered by christopher collumbus

A

sailing to the west of the atlantic ocean and landing on the caribbean island

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39
Q

another name for caribbean island

A

hispaniola

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40
Q

whose route did amerigo vespucci take to discover america

A

christopher collumbus’s

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41
Q

what country did the cabot brothers discover?

A

coastal areas of canada

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42
Q

what country did jaques cartier discover?

A

st. lawrence area in north america

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43
Q

what did henry hudson discover?

A

area around the hudson river and hudson’s bay in north america

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44
Q

name an explorer in england

A

cabot brothers

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45
Q

name an explorer in france

A

jacques cartier

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46
Q

name an explorer in holland

A

henry hudson

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47
Q

when was ferdinand magellan born?

A

in 1480

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48
Q

at which age did ferdinand magellan become a navigator?

A

25 yo

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49
Q

whose patronage did ferdinand magellan recieve?

A

the king of spain’s

50
Q

when did ferdinand magellan launch his voyage?

A

in 1519

51
Q

what is called the straight of magellan?

A

the southern end of the north american continent and the straight through which the pacific ocean can be reached

52
Q

what did ferdinand magellan reach from the straight of magellan?

A

he landed in the philippines

53
Q

what did ferdinand magellan’s voyage prove?

A

that the earth is spherical

54
Q

which country did ferdinand magellan discover?

A

phillipines.

55
Q

how many years did it take for ferdinand magellan’s voyage?

A

3 years

56
Q

who was the first person to give patronage?

A

francisco almeida

57
Q

who was the general that was the portuguese viceroy and by whom and when?

A

Francisco almeida
the king of portugal
1505

58
Q

who was the first portuguese that came to sri lanka and when?

A

Lorenzo de almeida in 1505

59
Q

name the 3 kingdoms that were there when the portuguese arrived

A
  1. kotte
  2. kandyan
  3. jaffna
60
Q

name the rulers of these kingdoms
1. kotte
2. kandyan
3. jaffna

A
  1. king weera parakramabahu VIII
  2. king sena sammatha wikramabahu
  3. king pararajasekaram
61
Q

by the time of the 16th century what kingdom was the most prominent?

A

kotte kingdom

62
Q

what kingdom did the portuguese build relationships with first

A

kotte

63
Q

who was the sons of parakramabahu VIII

A

prince vijiyabahu
prince darmaparakramabahu

64
Q

who was the sons of Vijayabahu VI

A

prince buvanekabahu
prince mayadunne
prince raigam bandara
prince devaraja

65
Q

when did the portuguese build the colombo fort and under the instructions of whom?

A

in 1518
francisco almeida

66
Q

when did the vijayaba kollaya happen?

A

1521

67
Q

what was the result of the vijayaba kollaya

A

the kotte kingdom was divided into 3

68
Q

who had two wives

A

vijabahu VI

69
Q

name the queen and write the names of the sons vijabahu VI had with her.

A

a queen of keerawella lineage.

prince buvanekabahu
prince mayadunne
prince raigam bandara

70
Q

what are the names of the rulers of the 3 kingdoms that came to existence after the vijayaba kollaya

A

kotte - buvanakabahu VII
raigama - raigam bandara
seethawaka - mayadunne

71
Q

who was buvanekabahu VII grandson?

A

dharmapala

72
Q

when did dharmapala become king of kotte

A

1551

73
Q

what was the cause of death for king buvanekabahu VII

A

he was shot dead by a portuguese soldier

74
Q

what was the name of buvanekabahu’s daughter

A

samudradevi

75
Q

who was the mother of dharmapala

A

samudradevi

76
Q

who married samudradevi

A

veediya bandara

77
Q

why didppl of the kotte kingdom start to support the seethawaka kingdom

A

because king dharmapala got baptized as jon duan dharmapala and supported christianity instead of buddhism. the sacred tooth relic was taken away to the seethawaka kingdom by the diyawadana hiripitye raala. bhikkus such as buddhawansa thero began to support the seethawaka kingdom along witn the other people who lived in kotte

78
Q

who signed a deed for the portuguese to have ownership of the kotte kingdom and when?

A

king dharmapala
1580

79
Q

when did king dharmapala die?

A

1597

80
Q

what lead to the establishment of the seethawaka kingdom

A

vijayaba kollaya

81
Q

where is the seethawaka kingdom located and elaborate.

A

located near the city presently called avissawella and near kelani river

82
Q

who was the captain general after the portuguese ruler of sri lanka was killed and in which fight was he killed?

A

Don Jeronimo de Azvedo
in the battle of danture

83
Q

what was called the convention of malwana and when was it

A

the calling of local administrative officers to malwana and having negotiations with them and reaching an agreement regarding the manner in which administrative affairs of kotte kingdom should be carried out.

1597

84
Q

who was the first ruler of the Seethawaka kingdom?

A

King Mayadunne

85
Q

whose support did mayadunne recieve when he decided to act against the portuguese?

A

Zamorin, a muslim ruler in calicut kingdom

86
Q

who was king mayadunne’s son?

A

tikiri bandara

87
Q

name a prominent fight of seethawaka kingdom and with whom was it?

A

battle of mulleriya
against the portuguese

88
Q

from whom were the armies of seethawaka been led by in the battle of mulleriya?

A

by tikiri bandara

89
Q

how many people were killed in the mattle of mulleriya?

A

1600

90
Q

who became king as king rajasinghe I and when

A

Tikiri Bandara
1581

91
Q

name 2 kings that had an anti-portuguese policy

A

king mayadunne and king rajasinghe I

92
Q

factors that contributed to the advancement of seethawaka kingdom.

A
  1. king mayadunne and king rajasinghe I being great warriors
  2. Bringing of the sacred tooth to seethawaka
  3. anti portuguese policy of the rulers of the seethawaka kingdom
  4. capturing of raigama and kandyan kingdom and adding them to the seethawaka kingdom
  5. decline of the kotte kingdom
93
Q

factors that contributed to the downfall of the seethawaka kingdom

A
  1. constantly engaging in wars
  2. anti buddhist activities of king rajasinghe I
  3. murdering of weerasundara bandara who supported king rajasinghe I
  4. not having a heir to the throne after king rajasinghe I
94
Q

what was king rajasinghe I’s last battle? did he win or lose?

A

lost
battle he fought against king wimaladharmasooriya

95
Q

why did king rajasinghe I die? and where did the incident happen?

A

bamboo thorn pricked his foot

Pethangoda park

96
Q

why was the seethawaka kingdom captured after the death of king rajasinghe I

A

because he had no heir to the throne and the kingdom could not resist the attacks of the portuguese

97
Q

what was the year, the leader, the king of this fight?

danture

A

1594
pero lopes de souza
king wimaladharmasooriya I

98
Q

what was the year, the leader, the king of this fight?

Balana

A

1602
don jeronimo azvedo
king wimaladharmasooriya I

99
Q

what was the year, the leader, the king of this fight?

randenivela

A

1630
constantino da saa
king senarath

100
Q

what was the year, the leader, the king of this fight?

gannoruwa

A

1638
diogo da melo
gannoruwa
king rajasinghe II

101
Q

reasons for the failure of invasions of the kandyan kingdom by the portuguese

A
  1. king of the kandyan kingdom recieving full support of the ppl
  2. fighting tactics of the kandyans and effective strategies
  3. native ppl who went w the portuguese to support them joining the king of the kandyan kingdom
  4. the geographical position and the physical advantages.
102
Q

who was declared the queen of the kandyan kingdom by the portuguese?

A

dona catherina

103
Q

after the collapse of what kingdom was the jaffna kingdom established?

A

rajarata

104
Q

in which years did the portuguese send armies to jalffna

A

1543 and 1560

105
Q

when was the jaffna kingdom captured?

A

1619

106
Q

the 4 divisions of kotte

A

sath koralaya
sathara koralaya
mathara
sabaragamuwa

107
Q

a region had been divided 3 smaller divisions

A

korala
paththu
villages

108
Q

name the officers appointed for these divisions

  1. korala
  2. paththu
  3. villages
  4. disavaniya (region)
A
  1. korale vidane
  2. athu korala
  3. village headman
  4. disave
109
Q

where were the centre for ruling the areas in asia was established in?

A

goa, india

110
Q

who was the highest portuguese authority in asia

A

the viceroy of goa

111
Q

the official title of the head of the portuguese officials in this country

A

captain general

112
Q

who organized their economical affairs?

A

Vidor da Fazenda

113
Q

the economic activities of the portuguese in this country was arranged under two areas. what are they?

A

collecting revenue
handling exports

114
Q

who had the power to handle the affirs of the areas of this country (portuguese)

A

captain general

115
Q

what was preparing documents including the details of sources of revenue called?

A

registers

116
Q

what was the main source of revenue

A

trading cinnamon

117
Q

what was the cinnamon department called and who was the captain?

A

maha badde
mahabadde

118
Q

what were the sources of income for the portuguese (sri lanka)

A

TRADING CINNAMON, arecunut, pepper, elephants, pearls and gems

119
Q

who were the minor officials for collecting revenue

A

kanapullai
clerks
mayoralas

120
Q

priests belonging to four sects arrived. what were they called and name them.

A

missionaries

franciscans
dominicans
augustinians
jesuits

121
Q

who were the first missionaries 2 arrive 2 sri lanka

A

franciscans

122
Q

missionaries appointed for each part

  1. matara
  2. athara korale
  3. sath korale
  4. sabaragamuwa
A
  1. franciscans
  2. ausgustinians
  3. jesuits
  4. dominicans

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