history Flashcards
when did the renaissance take place ?
1400 to 1550
where did the renaissance take place ?
began in ITALY (Florence, Venice, Rome)
spread to the rest of EUROPE (France, England, Netherlands, Germany, Spain)
what are the characteristics of renaissance architecture ?
revived elements from classical times (rounded arches, concrete, dome, columns)
emphasized simplicity, harmony and order
Emphasis on geometric shapes, especially circles and squares
what was the renaissance ? (5)
- interest in the world of here and now
- rediscovery of art and literature of Greece and Rome
- belief in the importance and capability of mankind
- scientific study of body and natural world
- desire to reproduce forms of nature realistically
name and explain the 8 inventions of renaissance art
- oil on stretched canvas- minerals were ground finely and mixed with oil to create oil paint. the paint dried slowly which permitted the artist to go back and make changes and add details without ruining the picture. Since it was on canvas, the artist could work wherever they wanted, as opposed to on a wall
- linear perspective- all lines converge to one or more points, which creates the illusion of space and of depth on a flat surface
- atmospheric perspective- objects in the distance take on a bluish tinge. Da Vinci was the first to notice this. atmospheric perspective creates the illusion that an object is far away
- sfumato- the blurring of outlines of an object so it appears to emerge from shadows. this engages the viewer and makes them look longer
- rediscovery of contrapposto- all the weight on one leg while the other is bent. people naturally stand like this, which makes the figures in sculptures and paintings look natural as opposed to rigid, stiff and archaic
- foreshortening- when one part of the body is larger because it is closer, which makes a painting more realistic
- the use of light and shadow/ chiaroscuro- means light/dark. chiaroscuro creates the illusion of rounded, sculptural relief on a flat surface, making objects appear 3-d
- pyramid configuration- the symmetrical composition of rigid profile pictures and groupings of figures. this makes a painting into a balanced coherent whole
what is high renaissance ?
the culminating of all Renaissance discoveries: accurate anatomy, linear and atmospheric perspective, natural and balanced composition by use of the triangle, and chiaroscuro. The illusion of reality was finally achieved. High renaissance showed what people are thinking and feeling
how did northern renaissance differ from the renaissance in Italy ?
- northern painters showed little interest in classical art
- their paintings showed great concern for accurate and precise details
- symbolism was extremely important in their paintings
where was the oil-painting technique invented ?
in the north
what were the advantages of oil-painting
- being slow to dry gave artists more time to work leisurely and include more detail in their pictures
- layers of transparent glazes added a new brilliance to the colors so that finished paintings looked as if they were lit from within
what was Albrecht Durer the first of ?
“the first great genius of mass communication”
name some differences in the paintings of early, high and northern renaissance
early- gold plates, wrong skin colors, trees drawn incorrectly
high- 3-d, all the body parts realistic, appear to be glowing
northern- snow, doll-like, lots of detail, heavy symbolism
tribute money
Masaccio, early renaissance
the Last Supper
Leonardo Da Vinci, high renaissance
Giovanni Arnolfini and his bride
Jan Van Eyck, northern renaissance
Mona Lisa
Leonardo Da Vinci, high renaissance
the Alba Madonna
Raphael, high renaissance
the Madonna of the rocks
Leonardo Da Vinci, high renaissance
baptism of Christ
Piero Della Francesca, early renaissance
the Pieta
Michelangelo, high renaissance
knight, death and the devil
Albrecht durer, northern renaissance
villa rotonda
palladio, renaissance architecture
the creation of adam
Michelangelo, high renaissance
the birth of venus
Botticelli, early renaissance
the battle of san romano
Uccello, early renaissance
gates of paradise
Ghiberti, early renaissance
school of athens
Raphael, high renaissance
return of the hunters
peter bruegel, northern renaissance
the dome of the Florence cathedral
Brunelleschi, renaissance architecture
david w/ renaissance hat
Donatello, early renaissance
david
Michelangelo, high renaissance
how long did it take Michelangelo to finish the ceiling in the Sistine chapel ?
4 years
how many pictures have been painted in the Sistine chapel by Michelangelo ?
145 pictures with over 300 figures
what are the symbols in “Giovanni Arnolfini and his bride” ?
burning candle= God’s presence
the little dog= loyalty which the husband and wife pledge to each other
fruit on the table= innocence
when did baroque art take place ?
1600-1750
describe baroque art in 2 words
the world of LIGHT and SHADOW
where did baroque art take place ?
began in Rome and spread to countries such as France
why did baroque art take place ?
the Baroque movement began because the catholic church was financing magnificent works of art and architecture to attract worshipers back to the church after the Protestant Revolution
what are the 6 characteristics of baroque art ?
- very rich and ornate
- use of dramatic lighting to create vivid contrasts of light and dark
- everything seems to be in motion
- strong emotion
- complicated balance (lots of diagonals)
- artist’s goal is to draw the viewer into the work
San Carlo Alle Quattro Fontane
Borromini, baroque architecture
the palace of Versailles/ chateau de Versailles
le vau, baroque architecture
david (twisted)
Bernini, baroque
the conversion of st. paul
Caravaggio, baroque
Judith and maidservant
Gentileschi, baroque
the swing
Fragonard, rococo
the raising of the cross
Rubens, baroque
the letter
Vermeer , baroque
Nightwatch
Rembrandt , baroque
the first woman painter to be widely known and apprecciated
Gentileschi
pilgrimage to Cythera
Watteau, rococo
renaissance VS. baroque
mood, movement, composition, goal
mood= calm, peaceful VS extreme emotion, tension movement= static VS constant movement composition= use of triangular composition (balance and stability) VS diagonal composition to create tension and to tempt viewer into scene goal= to make viewer look and meditate VS to make the viewer feel
when did rococo art take place ?
1720-1780
what is rococo art ?
- emphasis on the pleasure of seeking life of the aristocracy
- subjects were love and romance rather than history or religion
- playful mood
- style- light, graceful, delicate
- colors are white, silver, gold, light pinks, blues, greens
- emphasis on curves
when did neoclassicism take place ?
1790-1850
when did romanticism take place ?
1800-1850
when did realism take place ?
1840-1900
what influenced neoclassicism ?
- the rediscovery of Pompeii in 1738 offered well preserved classical art. this resulted in an obsession with everything from ancient Greece and ancient rome
- political revolutions: france in 1789, united states in 1776
one of these revolutions was an emphasis on self sacrifice
pantheon
soufflot, neoclassicism architecture
death of marat
david, neoclassicism
what is romanticism ?
the reaction against neoclassicism but went on at the same time. the emphasis was on emotion “feeling is all”
the worship of nature
house of parliament
Charles BARRY and welby PUGIN, romanticism architecture
paris opera
Charles GARNIER, romanticism
raft of the Medusa
Gericault, romanticism
what is realism ?
a reaction against both neoclassicism and romanticism. peasants and the urban working class were popular subjects; everyday people
the stone breakers
Courbet, realism
list in chronological order the periods studied
prehistoric, Egyptian, greek, roman, medieval, renaissance, baroque, rococo, neoclassicism, romanticism, realism
