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1
Q

when did the renaissance take place ?

A

1400 to 1550

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2
Q

where did the renaissance take place ?

A

began in ITALY (Florence, Venice, Rome)

spread to the rest of EUROPE (France, England, Netherlands, Germany, Spain)

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3
Q

what are the characteristics of renaissance architecture ?

A

revived elements from classical times (rounded arches, concrete, dome, columns)
emphasized simplicity, harmony and order
Emphasis on geometric shapes, especially circles and squares

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4
Q

what was the renaissance ? (5)

A
  1. interest in the world of here and now
  2. rediscovery of art and literature of Greece and Rome
  3. belief in the importance and capability of mankind
  4. scientific study of body and natural world
  5. desire to reproduce forms of nature realistically
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5
Q

name and explain the 8 inventions of renaissance art

A
  1. oil on stretched canvas- minerals were ground finely and mixed with oil to create oil paint. the paint dried slowly which permitted the artist to go back and make changes and add details without ruining the picture. Since it was on canvas, the artist could work wherever they wanted, as opposed to on a wall
  2. linear perspective- all lines converge to one or more points, which creates the illusion of space and of depth on a flat surface
  3. atmospheric perspective- objects in the distance take on a bluish tinge. Da Vinci was the first to notice this. atmospheric perspective creates the illusion that an object is far away
  4. sfumato- the blurring of outlines of an object so it appears to emerge from shadows. this engages the viewer and makes them look longer
  5. rediscovery of contrapposto- all the weight on one leg while the other is bent. people naturally stand like this, which makes the figures in sculptures and paintings look natural as opposed to rigid, stiff and archaic
  6. foreshortening- when one part of the body is larger because it is closer, which makes a painting more realistic
  7. the use of light and shadow/ chiaroscuro- means light/dark. chiaroscuro creates the illusion of rounded, sculptural relief on a flat surface, making objects appear 3-d
  8. pyramid configuration- the symmetrical composition of rigid profile pictures and groupings of figures. this makes a painting into a balanced coherent whole
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6
Q

what is high renaissance ?

A

the culminating of all Renaissance discoveries: accurate anatomy, linear and atmospheric perspective, natural and balanced composition by use of the triangle, and chiaroscuro. The illusion of reality was finally achieved. High renaissance showed what people are thinking and feeling

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7
Q

how did northern renaissance differ from the renaissance in Italy ?

A
  1. northern painters showed little interest in classical art
  2. their paintings showed great concern for accurate and precise details
  3. symbolism was extremely important in their paintings
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8
Q

where was the oil-painting technique invented ?

A

in the north

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9
Q

what were the advantages of oil-painting

A
  1. being slow to dry gave artists more time to work leisurely and include more detail in their pictures
  2. layers of transparent glazes added a new brilliance to the colors so that finished paintings looked as if they were lit from within
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10
Q

what was Albrecht Durer the first of ?

A

“the first great genius of mass communication”

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11
Q

name some differences in the paintings of early, high and northern renaissance

A

early- gold plates, wrong skin colors, trees drawn incorrectly
high- 3-d, all the body parts realistic, appear to be glowing
northern- snow, doll-like, lots of detail, heavy symbolism

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12
Q

tribute money

A

Masaccio, early renaissance

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13
Q

the Last Supper

A

Leonardo Da Vinci, high renaissance

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14
Q

Giovanni Arnolfini and his bride

A

Jan Van Eyck, northern renaissance

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15
Q

Mona Lisa

A

Leonardo Da Vinci, high renaissance

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16
Q

the Alba Madonna

A

Raphael, high renaissance

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17
Q

the Madonna of the rocks

A

Leonardo Da Vinci, high renaissance

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18
Q

baptism of Christ

A

Piero Della Francesca, early renaissance

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19
Q

the Pieta

A

Michelangelo, high renaissance

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20
Q

knight, death and the devil

A

Albrecht durer, northern renaissance

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21
Q

villa rotonda

A

palladio, renaissance architecture

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22
Q

the creation of adam

A

Michelangelo, high renaissance

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23
Q

the birth of venus

A

Botticelli, early renaissance

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24
Q

the battle of san romano

A

Uccello, early renaissance

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25
Q

gates of paradise

A

Ghiberti, early renaissance

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26
Q

school of athens

A

Raphael, high renaissance

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27
Q

return of the hunters

A

peter bruegel, northern renaissance

28
Q

the dome of the Florence cathedral

A

Brunelleschi, renaissance architecture

29
Q

david w/ renaissance hat

A

Donatello, early renaissance

30
Q

david

A

Michelangelo, high renaissance

31
Q

how long did it take Michelangelo to finish the ceiling in the Sistine chapel ?

A

4 years

32
Q

how many pictures have been painted in the Sistine chapel by Michelangelo ?

A

145 pictures with over 300 figures

33
Q

what are the symbols in “Giovanni Arnolfini and his bride” ?

A

burning candle= God’s presence
the little dog= loyalty which the husband and wife pledge to each other
fruit on the table= innocence

34
Q

when did baroque art take place ?

A

1600-1750

35
Q

describe baroque art in 2 words

A

the world of LIGHT and SHADOW

36
Q

where did baroque art take place ?

A

began in Rome and spread to countries such as France

37
Q

why did baroque art take place ?

A

the Baroque movement began because the catholic church was financing magnificent works of art and architecture to attract worshipers back to the church after the Protestant Revolution

38
Q

what are the 6 characteristics of baroque art ?

A
  1. very rich and ornate
  2. use of dramatic lighting to create vivid contrasts of light and dark
  3. everything seems to be in motion
  4. strong emotion
  5. complicated balance (lots of diagonals)
  6. artist’s goal is to draw the viewer into the work
39
Q

San Carlo Alle Quattro Fontane

A

Borromini, baroque architecture

40
Q

the palace of Versailles/ chateau de Versailles

A

le vau, baroque architecture

41
Q

david (twisted)

A

Bernini, baroque

42
Q

the conversion of st. paul

A

Caravaggio, baroque

43
Q

Judith and maidservant

A

Gentileschi, baroque

44
Q

the swing

A

Fragonard, rococo

45
Q

the raising of the cross

A

Rubens, baroque

46
Q

the letter

A

Vermeer , baroque

47
Q

Nightwatch

A

Rembrandt , baroque

48
Q

the first woman painter to be widely known and apprecciated

A

Gentileschi

49
Q

pilgrimage to Cythera

A

Watteau, rococo

50
Q

renaissance VS. baroque

mood, movement, composition, goal

A 
mood= calm, peaceful VS extreme emotion, tension
movement= static VS constant movement
composition= use of triangular composition (balance and stability) VS diagonal composition to create tension and to tempt viewer into scene
goal= to make viewer look and meditate VS to make the viewer feel
51
Q

when did rococo art take place ?

A

1720-1780

52
Q

what is rococo art ?

A
  1. emphasis on the pleasure of seeking life of the aristocracy
  2. subjects were love and romance rather than history or religion
  3. playful mood
  4. style- light, graceful, delicate
  5. colors are white, silver, gold, light pinks, blues, greens
  6. emphasis on curves
53
Q

when did neoclassicism take place ?

A

1790-1850

54
Q

when did romanticism take place ?

A

1800-1850

55
Q

when did realism take place ?

A

1840-1900

56
Q

what influenced neoclassicism ?

A
  1. the rediscovery of Pompeii in 1738 offered well preserved classical art. this resulted in an obsession with everything from ancient Greece and ancient rome
  2. political revolutions: france in 1789, united states in 1776
    one of these revolutions was an emphasis on self sacrifice
57
Q

pantheon

A

soufflot, neoclassicism architecture

58
Q

death of marat

A

david, neoclassicism

59
Q

what is romanticism ?

A

the reaction against neoclassicism but went on at the same time. the emphasis was on emotion “feeling is all”
the worship of nature

60
Q

house of parliament

A

Charles BARRY and welby PUGIN, romanticism architecture

61
Q

paris opera

A

Charles GARNIER, romanticism

62
Q

raft of the Medusa

A

Gericault, romanticism

63
Q

what is realism ?

A

a reaction against both neoclassicism and romanticism. peasants and the urban working class were popular subjects; everyday people

64
Q

the stone breakers

A

Courbet, realism

65
Q

list in chronological order the periods studied

A

prehistoric, Egyptian, greek, roman, medieval, renaissance, baroque, rococo, neoclassicism, romanticism, realism

art history exam grade 11 (3 decks)

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