history Flashcards
what are the largest provinces in canada how big are they
pei is the smallest and is 5684 km and the largest is quebec at 356356 km
what laugeges are spoken in canada and what are the offical laugeges
over 150 langueges are spoken but the official laugages french and english
How would you get across Canada in 1850 and how far is it across Canada? Do some research and estimate how long it would take you to travel from Charlottetown PEI to Vancouver British Columbia in 1850.
In 1850, you would get across Canada by walking, horse, or boat.
It is about 6000km from the East Coast to the West Coast of Canada.
in about 2 weeks
Look at the map of British North America in 1850 How does it differ from today?
Today we have 10 provinces and 3 territories that make up Canada.
census
a count of the population based on gender religion etc
gold rush
a bunch of people moving or coming to an area to collect or gain gold
emigrate
moving from one area to another for any reason ( natural disasters, food shortage etc )
what is the underground railroad
The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved African Americans to escape from the southern United States to freedom in the northern states and Canada during the 19th century.
who was Mary Ann Shadd
Mary Shadd was a pioneering African American educator, journalist, and abolitionist who was the first Black woman in North America to publish a newspaper and an advocate for the education and rights of African Americans.
who was Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman was an escaped enslaved woman who became a leading conductor on the Underground Railroad, helping dozens of enslaved people gain their freedom and later served as a spy and nurse during the Civil War.
how do you think the First Nations felt in 1880
They probably felt sad and disappointed like just a couple of years ago they were valued by the Europeans now they don’t even care enough to put them on the census and keep putting them on reserves
Describe the role of men, women, and children in BNA in the 1850s.
men had to do most of the manual labor while 14 years old boys were expected to do the same work as the men ( gather crops and firewood as well as any other manual labor ) while women
immigration has changed a lot over the last hundred years how has it changed
before most of the immigrants came from Europe due to food shortages and now most people are coming from Asia and Africa
about what percentage of people who live in Canada today were born here why do you think this is
roughly 50% do to a number of factors like economic things and the refugees coming to canada
summerise the great migration
people came to Canada for a lot of reasons like food insecurity and poverty. Most came from Europe Ireland roman catholic people the Netherlands and Germany
those who wished to unite colonies in the BNA had to overcome physical features explain
vast distances of water separated the different colonies, geological barriers mountains hills and more
British American society was not the same everywhere explain
Canada East was mainly french speaking and roman catholic while Canada West was english speaking and protestant
what does climate affect how societies develop
well depending on the climate societies will develop differently if it is not fertile or have a very long winter then it will be harder to grow food
what had to happen for a bill to become law? who was allowed to vote
for a bill to become law it had to be approved by the legislative assembly legislative council and the governor only male property owners were allowed to vote
two issues tended to deadlock the legislative assembly explain why
Canada West sought transportation improvements to boost trade and wealth and was willing to spend government money. Canada East opposed this, fearing it would threaten their identity, and resisted changes to representation by population.
summarize Pei’s absences landlord’s problems
you could not buy land and had to rent it from the British for more money no matter how long you have been on the land
Is Douglas James a hero or villain explain
he is kind of both on one hand he has done a lot for British Colombia but his personality was really bad
crown
is a symbolic term referring to the monarch of a country
nobility
members of the highest class of society
conservative
pefering what is safe over change and risk
political deadlock
a situation where progress can not be made because the parties involved do not agree
republic
a system of government that has no monarchy ( all the politicians are elected)
The economy of British North America was becoming industrialized. explain
factories with steam-powered equipment were replacing small hand-powered workshops and things were also being produced faster
in the beginning, industries did not appear everywhere in the BNA explain
factors such as geography transportation and population affected the growth of industries
where was one of the main places that flourished in the BNA and why
Montreal cuz they had a lot of workers and energy from the st Laurence River
who performed most of the work in the factories and how the people treated
women and kids did most of the work the conditions were bad and they were treated badly
summarize the west
not many people lived there industrialisation was low until the 1800s
Hudson’s Bay owned the fur trade and banned settlers
what effect does industrialization have on global climate change
glaciers melting a rise in global temperatures the more cities that are rebuilt the more resources that are used the more pollution that is produced
what are Canada’s main industries
mining real estate and manufacturing
industrialize
develop industries especially manufacturing industries
how were first nations treated in the bna
Politicians in BNA often ignored or marginalized First Nations, women and people of colour neglecting their rights and land interests.
Why was it challenging for the BNA colonies to unite into one country?
BNA colonies faced challenges due to regional differences, economic interests, language, and political disputes.
What was the London Conference?
The London Conference (1866) finalized the terms of Canadian Confederation, leading to the creation of Canada in 1867
Why did John A. Macdonald believe Canada’s government should be different than the United States?
John A. Macdonald believed centralized power would prevent division, unlike the U.S., where states had too much authority
Conference:
a formal meeting for discussion
federal
the national government
Confederation
the making of canada
what were the first four states
Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia
What did BNA need if it was going to establish internal trade? What prevented East-West trade from growing?
BNA needed better transportation infrastructure. Poor roads and rail links hindered East-West trade from growing.
What was the war of 1812?
the War of 1812 was a conflict between the United States and Britain , lasting from 1812 to 1815.
Why did Britain begin to withdraw its troops from the colonies in the 1850’s? Do youthink this was a smart idea.
Britain withdrew troops in the 1850s due to cost-cutting and colonial self-reliance. It risked colonial defense stability.
Write a short paragraph describing the incident involving the “Trent”.
(1861) occurred when a U.S. Navy ship intercepted the British steamer Trent and captured two Confederate diplomats. This angered Britain, nearly causing war, but the U.S. released the diplomats to ease tensions.
the Fenians. What was their cause? Do you see them as freedomfighters or terrorists?
The Fenians aimed to liberate Ireland from British rule through military action
In Bullet form write 3-4 important point on George Brown?
Liberal Party Co-founder: Key figure in Canadian political reform.
Journalist: Founded the Globe newspaper to promote social issues.
Confederation Advocate: Crucial in pushing for Canadian unification.
Population Representation: Supported fair political representation across regions
Who was left out of political life at this time?
women,minoritys and first nations
Fenians:
irish nationalists who sought to free Ireland from British rule, often using military action.
Manifest Destiny:
19th-century belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across North America
Equal representation
Equal Representation: The principle that all regions or groups should have the same number of representatives in a governing body
Representation by population:
Political representation based on the population size of a region, ensuring larger populations have more representatives.
Canadiens
Descendants of French settlers in Canada, particularly in Quebec, who maintained their language and culture.
Riding
An electoral district in Canada, also known as a constituency, represented by a member of parliament.
Referendum:
a direct vote by the public on a specific issue or proposal
3 points about William van horne
general superintendent for a railway in Milwaukee Wisconsin
became the president of CPR in 1888
he oversaw whirring of workers and decided on line routes
3 points about Chinese labour
Chinese workers did the hardest work and got paid less than the white workers and after kicked them out and made them pay 50 dollars per Chinese person
what is quarantine
keeping people apart from each other to stop sickness from spreading
homesteads
land given to settlers to farm on
what was the government plan in 1871 to increase the number of people
to stop sick people who were ill from coming to the country
what was the immigration act of 1869
provisions dealing with establishment of immigration offices, duties payable on immigrants, condition of travel and reporting requirements, duties of quarantine officers,
what was the Dominion Lands Act and why didn’t the metis fare well
the act controlled what could be done with water the metis were not given proper equipment and found homestead difficult
what was the Pacific scandal
in 1872 macdonald needed money for conservitive party campaign sir hugh allan paid 360k to cover expenses
In 1881, Prime Minister Macdonald awarded a railway contract to Canada East and West. Who received the contract, what was given, and how long did it take?
he gave the contract to cpr and gave them 25 mil cash 10m of land no competition for 20 years it took them 4 years to complete
