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History Flashcards

The Romans

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

When was Rome founded?

A

In the 8th century BC

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2
Q

Where was Rome founded?

A

In present day Italy, close to the River Tiber on seven hills.

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3
Q

Who was Aeneas?

A

A Trojan Prince who escaped from Troy after the Greeks had killed nearly all the inhabitants. He then went onto be the first in a long line of kings in the area around Rome.

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4
Q

What was the significance of Romulus and Remus to the Romans?

A

They were boys who were the last a line of kings called Romulus and Remus being left to die but then being looked after by a wolf. They went on to rule Rome.

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5
Q

Who was Rome named after?

A

Romulus

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6
Q

Who was Rome ruled by until the start of the Roman republic?

A

The Etruscans

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7
Q

What is a republic?

A

A country or city state that is not ruled by a king or queen

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8
Q

In which year did Rome become a republic?

A

509BC

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9
Q

Who became the dominant tribe in Rome at the start of the time of the start of Roman republic?

A

The Latins

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10
Q

Who attacked and destroyed much of Rome after defeating the Roman army in 387BC, with only the people on the Capitoline Hill surviving?

A

The Gauls

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11
Q

Who defeated Rome in 280BC and 279BC

A

Pyrrhus

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12
Q

What is a ‘Pyrrhic victory’?

A

When a winner’s losses are greater than their gains

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13
Q

By 264BC, where was Rome able to dominate and control?

A

Most of present day Italy

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14
Q

The Punic Wars were between Rome and which other power?

A

The Carthaginian Empire

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15
Q

Who was the general who invaded Italy and had success against the Romans (for example the Battle of Cannae in 216BC) during the Second Punic War?

A

Hannibal

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16
Q

What happened during the Third Punic War?

A

Carthage was destroyed

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17
Q

Who were the patricians?

A

More wealthy Roman citizens

18
Q

Who were the plebians?

A

Poorer Roman citizens

19
Q

What was a slave?

A

A human with no rights who could be bought and sold as property

20
Q

What kind of people made up the Senate?

A

Rich men who were citizens – they were elected for life

21
Q

Who were the consuls?

A

Two senators who were chosen by the Senate for one year – they suggested laws and commanded the army

22
Q

What was the assembly?

A

A meeting where votes were held by Roman citizens

23
Q

When did the Romans (under Julius Caesar) first try to invade Britain?

A

55BC

24
Q

What does ‘crossing the Rubicon’ mean?

A

Passing the point of no return – it comes from when Caesar crossed the Rubicon River, which marked the boundary between Italy and Gaul

25
Q

What is a dictator?

A

When one person is in charge, and decides all the laws

26
Q

What does ‘dictator perpetuo’ mean?

A

Dictator (when one person is in charge, and decides all the laws) in perpetuity – in other words for life

27
Q

When he came to power, which people was Julius Caesar most popular with?

A

The plebians

28
Q

Who were the ringleaders in the plot to murder Julius Caesar?

A

Brutus and Cassius

29
Q

Who was defeated by Octavian (later Augustus) and Anthony at the Battle of Philippi in 42BC?

A

Brutus and Cassius

30
Q

Who was defeated by Octavian (later Augustus) at the Battle of Actium in 31BC?

A

Antony and Cleopatra

31
Q

When did Octavian become emperor and take the name Augustus (‘revered one’)

A

27BC

32
Q

What is an emperor

A

The ruler of an empire

33
Q

Which famous Roman writers and poets produced their most famous work during the time of Augustus?

A

Livy and Virgil

34
Q

What was the Pax Romana?

A

Literally means “Roman peace” and refers to the period from 27 BCE to 180 CE

35
Q

From which Latin word does the word ‘empire’ come from and what does it mean?

A

imperium, which means ‘power’

36
Q

Who was Beachy Head Lady?

A

A woman from sub-Saharan Africa who lived in England (Sussex) during Roman times – around the 3rd century AD

37
Q

Where did the Emperor Constantine move the capital of the Roman Empire move to in 330AD?

A

Constantinople (present day Istanbul)

38
Q
  1. What was the name given by the Romans to people who were attacking the frontier
A

barbarians

39
Q

What happened to Rome in 410AD?

A

It was sacked by the Visigoths, led by their leader Alaric

40
Q

When did the last western Emperor, Romulus Augustulus, lose his power?

A

476AD

41
Q

Until when did the Eastern Roman Empire survive?

A

1453AD

English (4 decks)

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