History Flashcards
1918-45
The germen revolution
The war has caused terrible suffering among the German people. For example food shortages and low production and this is because of the Naval blockade from the allies. The allies ask Kaiser if he wanted have peace but he said no and attacked them. Many Germans blamed him for the country’s defeat.
The Kaiser abdicates
On 9 November kaiser flew to live in Holland to live in exile. The next day Friedrich Ebert came to rule and agreed with the allies and stood down. Many Germen senior were mad as they thought that they could win.
The weimar republic
In 1918, following the abdication of the German Emperor, the Weimar Republic was established in Germany. It marked a significant shift from the monarchical system to a democratic government. The new republic faced immediate challenges, including negotiating the Treaty of Versailles, which placed heavy economic and territorial burdens on Germany. This, along with social and political unrest, set the stage for a tumultuous period in German history.
Elberts approach
Elbert’s approach during World War I likely involved advocating for peace and opposing the war through anti-war movements or pacifist actions.
Strengths and weaknesses of the new constitution
Strengths of the new constitution in 1918 included provisions for civil liberties, universal suffrage, and a proportional representation system. Weaknesses included potential for political fragmentation, challenges in implementing reforms, and the economic burden imposed by war reparations.
The German reation to the treaty
The German reaction to the Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, was one of resentment and discontent. The terms of the treaty, including massive war reparations and territorial losses, were seen as humiliating and unjust by many Germans. This fueled nationalist sentiments and contributed to a sense of grievance that would later influence German politics.
Challange from the left; The spartacist uprising janurary 1919
The Spartacist Uprising in January 1919 was a left-wing revolt by the Spartacist League, led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht. They aimed to establish a communist government in Germany but were ultimately suppressed by the government forces, leading to the deaths of Luxemburg and Liebknecht.
Challange from the right; The kapp Putsch, Mrach 1920
The Kapp Putsch in March 1920 was a right-wing coup attempt against the Weimar Republic in Germany. Led by Wolfgang Kapp, it aimed to overthrow the government and establish a nationalist regime. However, a general strike by workers paralyzed the coup, forcing Kapp and his supporters to flee.
Germany’s economic problems
Germany faced severe economic problems during the Weimar Republic era, including hyperinflation, high unemployment rates, and economic instability. The burdensome war reparations, economic downturns, and political instability contributed to the challenges, leading to social unrest and a loss of confidence in the currency and economy.
Us loans and Germen economic recovery
US loans played a significant role in German economic recovery during the Weimar Republic. The Dawes Plan of 1924 provided loans to Germany, which helped stabilize the economy, invest in industry, and make reparation payments. However, this reliance on foreign loans also made Germany vulnerable to economic downturns.
The rentenmark
The Rentenmark was a temporary currency introduced in Germany in 1923 to combat hyperinflation. It was backed by mortgages on agricultural and industrial properties and helped stabilize the economy. The Rentenmark was later replaced by the Reichsmark as the official currency of Germany.
Hypernflation 1923
Hyperinflation in Germany in 1923 was a period of extreme and rapid inflation, where the value of the German currency, the Papiermark, became virtually worthless. It led to a collapse of the economy, soaring prices, and economic hardship for the German people.
Gustav stresmann and the great coalition goverment 1923
Gustav Stresemann, as chancellor of the Weimar Republic, formed the Great Coalition government in 1923. It brought together moderate political parties to address the economic crisis and stabilize the country. Stresemann’s policies, such as introducing the Rentenmark, helped stabilize the currency and restore confidence in the economy.
The Dawes plan 1924
The Dawes Plan, implemented in 1924, aimed to address Germany’s financial crisis. It restructured reparation payments, provided foreign loans, and established the Reichsbank. This helped stabilize the German economy, attract foreign investments, and promote economic recovery during the Weimar Republic.
The extent of economic recovery
The extent of economic recovery during the Weimar Republic varied. While the Dawes Plan and other measures initially stabilized the economy, Germany remained vulnerable to economic downturns. Unemployment rates fluctuated, and social inequalities persisted. The economic recovery was ultimately hindered by the Great Depression in the early 1930s.
The young plan 1929
The Young Plan, implemented in 1929, aimed to further restructure Germany’s reparation payments after World War I. It reduced the total amount owed and extended the payment period. While it provided some financial relief, the plan remained a source of political controversy in Germany.
The locarno pact 1925
The Locarno Pact, signed in 1925, aimed to secure peaceful relations between Germany and its neighbors. It guaranteed Germany’s western borders and facilitated diplomatic discussions. While it temporarily improved relations, underlying tensions remained, and the pact did not prevent future conflicts.
League of nations 1926
Germany’s admission to the League of Nations in 1926 was a significant step towards international recognition and reconciliation. It allowed Germany to participate in diplomatic discussions, though its influence was limited. However, the League’s effectiveness in preventing future conflicts proved to be limited.
Kellogg Briand pact 1928
The Kellogg-Briand Pact, signed in 1928, renounced war as an instrument of national policy. It was a multinational effort to promote peace and resolve conflicts through diplomacy. Although idealistic, its practical impact in preventing future wars was limited.
The origins of the Nazi party
The Nazi Party, officially known as the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, originated in post-World War I Germany. It was founded by Anton Drexler and later led by Adolf Hitler. The party capitalized on nationalist sentiments, anti-Semitism, and economic grievances to gain support and eventually seize power.
Changes to the party 1920-22
Between 1920 and 1922, the Nazi Party underwent several changes. Adolf Hitler joined the party in 1920 and quickly rose to prominence. During this period, the party adopted the swastika as its symbol and developed its paramilitary wing, the SA, to assert its presence and engage in street battles with political opponents.
Causes of the Munich putsch
The Munich Putsch, also known as the Beer Hall Putsch, was caused by a combination of Adolf Hitler’s desire to seize power, frustration with the Weimar Republic, and the economic and political unrest in Germany. Hitler’s failed attempt in 1923 aimed to overthrow the government and establish a nationalist regime.
Hitlers role in 1920-22
In the years 1920-1922, Adolf Hitler played a pivotal role in the Nazi Party. He joined the party in 1920, became its leader in 1921, and consolidated power within the organization. Hitler’s charismatic speeches and propaganda skills helped increase the party’s membership and influence.
Who’s in the munich pustch
The Munich Putsch, or Beer Hall Putsch, involved Adolf Hitler, along with other prominent members of the Nazi Party, such as Ernst Röhm, Hermann Göring, and Rudolf Hess. They led a group of Nazi supporters in an attempt to seize control of the Bavarian government in Munich in November 1923.
The origins of the Sturmabteilung (SA)
The Sturmabteilung (SA), also known as the Stormtroopers or Brownshirts, originated in 1920 as the paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party. Its primary purpose was to protect party meetings, engage in street battles with political opponents, and intimidate perceived enemies of the Nazi movement.
What happen in the Munich pustch
During the Munich Putsch, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party attempted to seize power by forcefully taking over the Bavarian government. The coup failed, resulting in Hitler’s arrest and the suppression of the uprising by government forces.
Resuts of the Munich pustch
The Munich Putsch had significant consequences. It resulted in the arrest and trial of Adolf Hitler, during which he gained national attention and used the platform to promote his ideology. It also led to a temporary setback for the Nazi Party, but ultimately helped solidify its support base and refine its strategies.
The reorganisation of the Nazi party 1924-28
The reorganization of the Nazi Party between 1924 and 1928 involved Adolf Hitler consolidating his leadership and strengthening the party’s structure. He focused on expanding membership, refining propaganda techniques, and creating a more disciplined and centralized party apparatus, laying the foundation for future growth and influence.
