History Flashcards
Plantations help us understand what?
How Northern Ireland became separate from the Republic of Ireland
What’s the plantation definition?
Plantation is another name for colony this is where one country owns another country
Why did they make plantatations
Number 1 to spread the protestant religion across Ireland in the aftermath of the formation
Number 2 to civilise Ireland by bringing in English laws and making the English monarch the rulers of Ireland
Number 3 to prevent English using Ireland as a back door into England, especially after the Spanish Armada
Who run the pale?
Henry the eighth
Who ran the Laois and Offaly plant
Mary
Who ran the Munster plantation
Elizabeth
Who ran the Ulster plantation?
James the first
Why did Munster fail?
Number one the land was in poor condition. Number two only 4000 settlers arrived when they expected 20,000 many undertakers didn’t stay the states were too big for the undertakers to defend some didn’t even build a BAWN
The fight of the earls
Wanted to push English control ‘beyond the Pale’ – Where Henry VIII had first established limited control in Ireland!
Elizabeth wanted to improve English control in Ireland, particularly in ‘wild’ Ulster…. Munster had not been a success!
Queen Elizabeth had previously given assistance to Hugh O’Neill (Earl of Tyrone) in his own local disputes.
However, Hugh O’Neill did not turn out to be an English ally.
Relations between Elizabeth and Hugh O’Neill had turned sour as we know from Hugh O’Neills actions in Munster.
Hugh O’Neil led the campaign against the English in The Nine Years’ War’ (1594 – 1603).
The Spanish came to the aid of the the Catholic Irish. In 1601, Phillip sent a fleet, arms and money in support.
(Remember: Phillip and Elizabeth rivalry)
The English and Irish forces (with Spanish help) clash at the Battle of Kinsale in 1601.
O’Neill is captured temporarily and then escapes. He was on the run for 2 years!
O’Neill surrenders in order to return to Ireland in 1603. However, the position he returns to is greatly limited.
Determined not to give in, in 1607 O’Neil fled to Europe with the aim of winning support for yet another rebellion.
This event became known as the Flight of the Earls
Why did James plant in ulster
Financial Factors
James could collect taxes from the people in Ulster once he controlled it.
This would add to the Crown’s wealth which was always needing replenished.
Reasons of Law and Order
There was a view that a barbarous country like Ireland needed to have good government introduced. This was a long held English belief.
James believed that English and Scottish settlers would be able to bring this about.
Security Factors
The Irish had previously looked to Spain for help and this made James nervous. Rivalry had increased under Elizabeth I (Armada 1588).
James feared Spain might attack England via Ireland, Ireland was seen as a potential back door.
Religious Factors
The only area in Ireland that was Protestant was an area called The Pale, outside Dublin(it became Protestant during the Reformation).
The remainder of Ireland was Gaelic and Catholic. James I was not happy about this as he was a firmly Protestant Monarch.
Population Concerns
England was increasingly over-populated and a Plantation in Ulster would solve this problem. Some of the population would disperse into Ulster.
How much land was given to each person
10% servitors 10% London companies 10% loyal Irish 20% church of Ireland 50% Scottish and English settlers
What caused the Irish rebellion
What caused the Irish rebellion and what is the legacy of the events of 1641?
Rebellion
The resentment of those who had lost their lands in the Ulster Plantation, or who now paid high rents for their land, came to the surface in 1641. Charles’s troubles in Scotland and with his Parliament in England presented the Irish with an opportunity to overthrow the plantation and to win back their lands. A rebellion was planned to start on 23 October 1641 in Ulster and elsewhere. The plan was to take Dublin by surprise but English government officials in Dublin got news of this plan and captured some of the leaders the night before. The rising in Ulster, however, took place as planned.
The new English and Scottish settlers in Ulster were
surprised and shocked as the Irish forces struck swiftly and fiercely. Many of the new plantation towns were captured. Settlers were driven out of their homes and villages and many were killed. Others were robbed and left homeless. Some of the more wealthy settlers were able to escape to England and Scotland but the less well-off were left to the mercy of their attackers.
The success of the Gaelic Irish in Ulster impressed the Old English. Although they were loyal to the Crown, as Catholics they feared the growing numbers of Protestant settlers and the growing strength of the Puritan Parliament. In 1642 the Gaelic Irish and the Old English came together and formed an association called the ‘Confederation of Kilkenny’. The Confederation
S. Philem O
neale
of all Ireland
Source A - Sir Phelim O’Neill
The following is a procmation by Sir Phelim O’Neill,
one of the lish rebel leaders in 1641:
The rising is in noe wayes
Intended against our soveraine
Lord the King, nor the hurt of any of his
subjects, eyther of the inglish or Schotish nation, but only for the defence and liberty of our selves and the natives of this kingdome.
declared itself loyal to the King and against Parliament with the motto Treland united, for God, King and Country!’ What had started out as an attack on the new settlements, and therefore a kind of rebellion against the King, became linked with a struggle on behalf of the King and against those
NA
who supported
Parliament.
What are the long term consequences of the Ulster Plantation for us today
The Plantations of Ireland have had a lasting and long term impact upon the History of Ireland and especially upon the province of Ulster.
•They consequences are that it changed how Ireland was run, who had the power in Ireland and would begin centuries of conflict on the island.
•They are also significant as it still impacts on us today on our identity, our culture, our religion and the diversity within NI society.
