history Flashcards
what was the industrial revolution?
an increase in machine-made goods beginning in England during the 1700s
what was the result of the agricultural revolution?
Many small farmers became tenant farmers or moved to cities.
Landowners experimented with new agricultural methods.
Enclosures became landmarks of wealthy landowners.
What were the three factors of production required for industrialization?
land, labor, capital
What was the main cause of the process of urbanization that occurred in 19th-century Britain and elsewhere in Western Europe?
industrialization
How did landowners and aristocrats view wealthy members of the middle class?
looked down upon
What did Britain do to keep industrial secrets from the United States?
forbade engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers from leaving the country
What was the benefit of being a stockholder in a corporation?
not personally responsible for its debts
What is the laissez-faire policy?
Free market approach, all economic decisions made by producers and consumers, no government interference
What is the name for the voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reforms?
unions
What are examples of reform movements?
public education,women’s rights,abolition of slavery
How did the Agricultural Revolution lead to the Industrial Revolution?
It led to population growth.
How did Britain’s economy affect the process of industrialization?
positively, by Britain’s highly developed banking system
What was the impact of the steam engine on the production of British goods?
It launched the railway age, which brought transportation to a new level
How did the Industrial Revolution affect cities?
It made the population grow faster than the housing supply
What factors most contributed to the shorter life span of those living in cities as opposed to those in the country
illness caused by unhealthy living conditions
In what way did the new middle class change British society
Some members of the middle class achieved top positions in society
What was a key idea in the free-market system?
refuse to interfere in any economic matters
What factor played a major role in the industrialization of the United States?
Native American slaves
railroad expansion
end of the Civil War
What were legislative reforms in the 1800s?
In England, it became illegal to hire children under the age of nine.
What did William Wilberforce fight for in the 1800s
to abolish slavery and the slave trade
Why might the philosophy of communism have appealed to many 19th-century factory workers
because it would better their own lifestyle
What made 18th-century Great Britain ideal for rapid and revolutionary industrialization
Success in international trade
Why did the Industrial Revolution occur in Great Britain before it occurred elsewhere in Europe?
It had banks of raw materials from its colonies
