History 1510 MIDTERM Flashcards
(18 cards)
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution, which took place from the 18th to 19th centuries, was a period during which rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban.
Industrialization marked a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production.
The iron and textile industries, along with the development of the steam engine, played central roles in the Industrial Revolution, which also saw improved systems of transportation, communication and banking.
Liberalism
(1800’s)
political and economic freedom
Constitutional governments, elected legislatures, safeguards
for people’s rights, individualism and individual rights
Millet System
In the Ottoman Empire, a millet was a separate court of law pertaining to “personal law” under which a confessional community (a group abiding by the laws of Muslim Sharia, Christian Canon law, or Jewish Halakha) was allowed to rule itself under its own laws.
Racial Slavery
he development of plantation economies with institutionalized slave codes entrenching racial slavery and predominantly African labor forces in the early …
The Atlantic System (Triangular Trade)
triangular trading system is the transatlantic slave trade, that operated from the late 16th to early 19th centuries, carrying slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa, Caribbean or American colonies and the European colonial powers,
Dutch learning
is a body of knowledge developed by Japan through its contacts with the Dutch enclave of Dejima, which allowed Japan to keep abreast of Western technology and medicine in the period when the country was closed to …
Scientific Revolution
The scientific revolution is a concept used by historians to describe the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.
Imperialism
a policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
Nationalism
(1790-1940)
The strong belief that the interests of a particular nation-state are of primary importance.
the belief that a people who share a common language, history, and culture should constitute an independent nation, free of foreign domination.
The French Revolution helped introduce nationalism in Europe, for it changed France’s entire system of government, defined citizens’ rights, and developed a set of national symbols.
Napoleon Bonaparte
also known as Napoleon I, was a French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. Born on the island of Corsica, Napoleon rapidly rose through the ranks of the military during the French Revolution (1789-1799).
Enlightenment
a European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. It was heavily influenced by 17th-century philosophers such as Descartes, Locke, and Newton, and its prominent exponents include Kant, Goethe, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Adam Smith.
Reign of Terror
Reign of Terror, the period of the French Revolution from September 5, 1793, to July 27, 1794 ,
the Revolutionary government decided to make “Terror” the order of the day (September 5 decree) and to take harsh measures against those suspected of being enemies of the Revolution (nobles, priests, hoarders).
Caudillos
1950)
Caudillismo as a concept was first used in the former Spanish colonies of Latin America (often called Spanish America) to describe the leaders who challenged the authority of the governments arising from the independence process after 1810;
Caudillismo, a system of political-social domination, based on the leadership of a strongman, that arose after the wars of independence from Spain in 19th-century Latin America.
The Spanish word caudillo (“leader,” from the Latin capitellum [“small head”]) was used to describe the head of irregular forces who ruled a politically distinct territory.
Eugenics
(1820–1920)
Eugenics is the study of the agencies under social control that may improve or impair the racial qualities of future generations either physically or mentally.”Eugenics, meaning “well born,” was introduced in the 1880s.
The English eugenics movement, promoted eugenicsthrough selective breeding for positive traits. In contrast, the eugenics movement in the US quickly focused on eliminating negative traits.
North Atlantic Revolutions
The winds of the Age of Atlantic Revolutions soon carried back across the Atlantic to the French colony of St. Domingue in the Caribbean. Here, enslaved people responded to the Paris government’s abolition of racial distinctions with a rebellion that began in 1791.
Zheng He’s Voyages
was a Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat, fleet admiral, and court eunuch during China’s early Ming dynasty. … Zheng commanded expeditionary voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, and East Africa from 1405 to 1433.
Calico
Calico is a plain-woven textile made from unbleached and often not fully processed cotton.
Confucian scholar-bureaucrats
were politicians and government officials appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day political duties from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912,
