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Midterm > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

1
Q

How was the Black Death spread

A

Flea infected rats and Person to Person contact

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2
Q

How did the black death lead to an end of Christian domination?

A

Too Many Christian soldiers died having no one to enforce power

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3
Q

Which group was allowed to spread their influence across the Mediterranean after the black death killed millions of Christians

A

The Ottoman empower, a Muslim group

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4
Q

What was the most deadly disease for the native populations in the Americas?

A

Small Pox

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5
Q

What percent of Native Americans were killed due to diseases like smallpox

A

90%

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6
Q

After the majority of native Americans were killed by diseases like smallpox what could Europeans then do?

A

Europeans were able to establish America

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7
Q

What is yellow fever spread by?

A

Mosquitoes

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8
Q

In 1802 France sent 50,000 troops to Haiti, but nearly all of them died due to what

A

Yellow Fever

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9
Q

After losing so many soldiers, yellow fever needed to fund a new army, so they sold what land to America

A

Louisiana

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10
Q

Outbreaks of the disease cholera are directly responsible for what

A

Modern Plumbing

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11
Q

What are the causes of cholera?

A

Bacteria

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12
Q

The notion that thin is beautiful can be traced back to what disease

A

Tuberculosis

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13
Q

Tuberculosis causes thin body, sun and cheeks, and was most seen in what

A

Famous artists

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14
Q

The Panama Canal connects with two oceans

A

Atlantic and Pacific Ocean

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15
Q

The French who started the Panama Canal were driven away by what

A

Malaria

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16
Q

How did the Americans defeat malaria while building the Panama Canal?

A

Reducing mosquito breeding grounds and fumigating

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17
Q

One of the worst outbreaks of influenza happened in this year, following this war

A

Spanish Flu in 1918 following WW1

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18
Q

To influence outbreak of the 1900s led to this groundbreaking discovery what was it

A

Penicillin

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19
Q

Which of these led to the spread of the black death across Europe

A

Infested rats, biological warfare, and trade routes

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20
Q

The black death most likely started where

A

Asia

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21
Q

How did trade spread the black death?

A

Infested rats were on the ships

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22
Q

Why did people die of starvation during the time of the black death?

A

No one was there to grow their food

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23
Q

How did not having enough food cause the black death is spread

A

People were too weak to fight it

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24
Q

What are the symptoms of the black death?

A

Vomiting, fever, and buboes

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25
Q

Why were the plague pits built?

A

Coffins took too long to make

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26
Q

Why did the black death kill so many people?

A

Dirty living conditions

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27
Q

When did the Black death first appear in Europe?

A

1300s

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28
Q

How long will someone typically have the Black Death before dying?

A

4-7 days

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29
Q

What percent of Europe was killed by the plague

A

33%

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30
Q

In 1348 what did the pope claim was key to surviving the plague?

A

Prayer and religious duties

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31
Q

During the black death heretics, engaged in what

A

Partying and drinking

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32
Q

Flagellants believed that the plague could be stopped by what

A

Whipping themselves publicly as atonement

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33
Q

“Europe is waking out of a long, deep sleep… time was when learning was only found in the religious orders… learning has passed to secular princes and peers.” This quote best describes what?

A

Renaissance

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34
Q

One factor that enables the renaissance to flourish in Northern Italy was that the region had what?

A

A wealthy class that invested in the arts and access to the sea trade roots

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35
Q

A key factor of European Renaissance culture was________focusing on social class, secularism, and individualism

A

A shift toward humanism

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36
Q

A sum of money that the wife’s family would give to the husbands upon marriage is called what?

A

Dowry

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37
Q

The revival of ancient Greek and Roman grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history was known as what?

A

Humanism

38
Q

He was the author of “The Prince,” had a lot of influence on politics, and famously asked if it is better to be feared or to be loved. Who was he?

A

Niccolo Machiavelli

39
Q

This agreement solidified Catholic Church doctrine, pushing back against Protestantism what is it?

A

Council of Trent

40
Q

List of problems that Martin Luther had with the Catholic Church. Mostly his problem was with indulgences. What was this list?

A

Ninety-five Thesis

41
Q

One of Italy’s best painters, admired for his madonnas (the Virgin Mary). Well known for his frescoes and his work “The School of Athens”

A

Raphael

42
Q

A form of humanism in the northern renaissance with a major goal of performing the church-

A

Christian Humanists

43
Q

Powerful city-states which became the centers of political, economic, and social life

A

Urban Society

44
Q

At the start of the renaissance, the church was…

A

In a period of decline

45
Q

A famous collection of stories told by a group of travelers. This writing helped to popularize English vernacular.

A

Canterbury tales

46
Q

New protestant faith created by Martin Luther, after exposed church corruption

A

Lutheranism

47
Q

Flemish painter, among the first use the perfect oil painting

A

Jan van Eyck

48
Q

German artist who made two trips to Italy, and absorbed most of what the Italians could teach on the laws of perspective

A

Albrecht Durer

49
Q

To put it in circulation - as was done with the Bible and large numbers

A

Published

50
Q

French woman, best known for works written in defense of woman. She argued women can learn just as well as men.

A

Christine de Pizan

51
Q

The language spoken in peoples religions, such as Italian, French, or German

A

Vernacular

52
Q

City in Germany were Martin Luther lived, and where he came up with his ideas about salvation

A

Wittenberg

53
Q

The idea that God had determined in advance, who we go to heaven or hell

A

Predestination

54
Q

As the church became more corrupt, many priests seemed _______ of their spiritual duties

A

Ignorant

55
Q

He started the reformation in the early 1500s setting the stage for religious change

A

Martin Luther

56
Q

English author of “ two Canterbury tales” and to help popularize the English vernacular

A

Chaucer

57
Q

Modern Czech city (eastern Europe) and part of the holy Roman Empire

A

Bohemia

58
Q

The word “renaissance” means what

A

Rebirth

59
Q

Accomplish painter, sculptor, and architect, and master of the high renaissance. painted the Sistine Chapel in Rome

A

Michelangelo

60
Q

A worldly viewpoint (not spiritual) focusing more on what happens in daily life and the enjoyment material things

A

Secular

61
Q

A painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints

A

Fresco

62
Q

This man was well-rounded, a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician

A

Leonardo da Vinci

63
Q

This edict/law made Martin Luther an outlaw after publishing his 95 thesis

A

Edict of worms

64
Q

All of the following Mercedes states in northern and central Italy, and played crucial roles in Italian politics

A

Florence, Venice, Milan

65
Q

City and Switzerland where Ulrich Zwingli was reforming the church

A

Zürich

66
Q

He began a new Christian religion, mainly with the idea of Predestination

A

John Calvin

67
Q

Swiss city where Calvin began working on his religious reforms in 1536

A

Geneva

68
Q

Best known Christian humanist he believed that Christianity should show people how to live a good life on a daily basis not just salvation

A

Desiderius Erasmus

69
Q

Paying a priest for forgiveness of sins

A

Indulgence

70
Q

The years leading into the renaissance can be described as…

A

Political and government instability

71
Q

Author of the “ divine comedy” he helped make the Italian vernacular more popular

A

Dante

72
Q

The most important northern school of our inner 1400s was in________

A

Flanders

73
Q

Particular ways in which artist create their work

A

Style

74
Q

A period of European history that began in Italy, and spread to the rest of Europe, emphasizing new ideas in art, science, literature, and philosophy

A

Italian Renaissance

75
Q

Soldier/army who sold their services to the highest bitter

A

Mercenaries

76
Q

The holy Roman emperor, who ruled an immense empire, consisting of Spain, Austria, Bohemia, Hungary, and many of the Italian states

A

Charles V

77
Q

He started the Jesuits, who had an absolute obedience to the pope. They also strongly believed in education.

A

Ignatius of Loyola

78
Q

To cancel a marriage like it never existed

A

Annul

79
Q

He took control of the city of Florence, and dominated the city in Florence was the cultural center of Italy

A

Cosimo de Medici

80
Q

Acceptance into heaven

A

Salvation

81
Q

City in Germany, where the Catholic Church reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings in opposition to protestant beliefs

A

Trent

82
Q

The father of Italian renaissance humanism, did more than anyone in the 14th century to develop humanism

A

Petrarch

83
Q

He conquered Milan with mercenaries and created efficient tax systems, generating enormous revenues for the government

A

Francesco Sforza

84
Q

He wanted to divorce his wife, so he created a new religion called Anglicanism, or the Church of England

A

King Henry VIII

85
Q

This was the end to religious warfare in Germany in 1555

A

Peace of Augsburg

86
Q

This was the most powerful city in Italy, and is aware the pope lives

A

Rome

87
Q

Erasmus, the Christian humanist mocked Christian monks for doing everything in ________ detail all the time

A

Precise

88
Q

During the renaissance, humanist were trying to ________ and practice, virtue, and wisdom

A

Attain

89
Q

He was Cosmo’s grandson, and ran the city of Florence during its height

A

Lorenzo de Medici

90
Q

A priest in Zurich, he abolished relics and images from the Catholic Church. A focus on prayer not images

A

Ulrich Zwingli

Midterm (2 decks)

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