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History Flashcards

1
Q

How was the Black Death spread

A

Flea infected rats and Person to Person contact

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2
Q

How did the black death lead to an end of Christian domination?

A

Too Many Christian soldiers died having no one to enforce power

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3
Q

Which group was allowed to spread their influence across the Mediterranean after the black death killed millions of Christians

A

The Ottoman empower, a Muslim group

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4
Q

What was the most deadly disease for the native populations in the Americas?

A

Small Pox

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5
Q

What percent of Native Americans were killed due to diseases like smallpox

A

90%

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6
Q

After the majority of native Americans were killed by diseases like smallpox what could Europeans then do?

A

Europeans were able to establish America

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7
Q

What is yellow fever spread by?

A

Mosquitoes

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8
Q

In 1802 France sent 50,000 troops to Haiti, but nearly all of them died due to what

A

Yellow Fever

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9
Q

After losing so many soldiers, yellow fever needed to fund a new army, so they sold what land to America

A

Louisiana

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10
Q

Outbreaks of the disease cholera are directly responsible for what

A

Modern Plumbing

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11
Q

What are the causes of cholera?

A

Bacteria

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12
Q

The notion that thin is beautiful can be traced back to what disease

A

Tuberculosis

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13
Q

Tuberculosis causes thin body, sun and cheeks, and was most seen in what

A

Famous artists

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14
Q

The Panama Canal connects with two oceans

A

Atlantic and Pacific Ocean

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15
Q

The French who started the Panama Canal were driven away by what

A

Malaria

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16
Q

How did the Americans defeat malaria while building the Panama Canal?

A

Reducing mosquito breeding grounds and fumigating

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17
Q

One of the worst outbreaks of influenza happened in this year, following this war

A

Spanish Flu in 1918 following WW1

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18
Q

To influence outbreak of the 1900s led to this groundbreaking discovery what was it

A

Penicillin

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19
Q

Which of these led to the spread of the black death across Europe

A

Infested rats, biological warfare, and trade routes

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20
Q

The black death most likely started where

A

Asia

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21
Q

How did trade spread the black death?

A

Infested rats were on the ships

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22
Q

Why did people die of starvation during the time of the black death?

A

No one was there to grow their food

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23
Q

How did not having enough food cause the black death is spread

A

People were too weak to fight it

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24
Q

What are the symptoms of the black death?

A

Vomiting, fever, and buboes

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25
Why were the plague pits built?
Coffins took too long to make
26
Why did the black death kill so many people?
Dirty living conditions
27
When did the Black death first appear in Europe?
1300s
28
How long will someone typically have the Black Death before dying?
4-7 days
29
What percent of Europe was killed by the plague
33%
30
In 1348 what did the pope claim was key to surviving the plague?
Prayer and religious duties
31
During the black death heretics, engaged in what
Partying and drinking
32
Flagellants believed that the plague could be stopped by what
Whipping themselves publicly as atonement
33
“Europe is waking out of a long, deep sleep… time was when learning was only found in the religious orders… learning has passed to secular princes and peers.” This quote best describes what?
Renaissance
34
One factor that enables the renaissance to flourish in Northern Italy was that the region had what?
A wealthy class that invested in the arts and access to the sea trade roots
35
A key factor of European Renaissance culture was________focusing on social class, secularism, and individualism
A shift toward humanism
36
A sum of money that the wife’s family would give to the husbands upon marriage is called what?
Dowry
37
The revival of ancient Greek and Roman grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history was known as what?
Humanism
38
He was the author of "The Prince," had a lot of influence on politics, and famously asked if it is better to be feared or to be loved. Who was he?
Niccolo Machiavelli
39
This agreement solidified Catholic Church doctrine, pushing back against Protestantism what is it?
Council of Trent
40
List of problems that Martin Luther had with the Catholic Church. Mostly his problem was with indulgences. What was this list?
Ninety-five Thesis
41
One of Italy’s best painters, admired for his madonnas (the Virgin Mary). Well known for his frescoes and his work “The School of Athens”
Raphael
42
A form of humanism in the northern renaissance with a major goal of performing the church-
Christian Humanists
43
Powerful city-states which became the centers of political, economic, and social life
Urban Society
44
At the start of the renaissance, the church was…
In a period of decline
45
A famous collection of stories told by a group of travelers. This writing helped to popularize English vernacular.
Canterbury tales
46
New protestant faith created by Martin Luther, after exposed church corruption
Lutheranism
47
Flemish painter, among the first use the perfect oil painting
Jan van Eyck
48
German artist who made two trips to Italy, and absorbed most of what the Italians could teach on the laws of perspective
Albrecht Durer
49
To put it in circulation - as was done with the Bible and large numbers
Published
50
French woman, best known for works written in defense of woman. She argued women can learn just as well as men.
Christine de Pizan
51
The language spoken in peoples religions, such as Italian, French, or German
Vernacular
52
City in Germany were Martin Luther lived, and where he came up with his ideas about salvation
Wittenberg
53
The idea that God had determined in advance, who we go to heaven or hell
Predestination
54
As the church became more corrupt, many priests seemed _______ of their spiritual duties
Ignorant
55
He started the reformation in the early 1500s setting the stage for religious change
Martin Luther
56
English author of “ two Canterbury tales” and to help popularize the English vernacular
Chaucer
57
Modern Czech city (eastern Europe) and part of the holy Roman Empire
Bohemia
58
The word “renaissance” means what
Rebirth
59
Accomplish painter, sculptor, and architect, and master of the high renaissance. painted the Sistine Chapel in Rome
Michelangelo
60
A worldly viewpoint (not spiritual) focusing more on what happens in daily life and the enjoyment material things
Secular
61
A painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints
Fresco
62
This man was well-rounded, a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician
Leonardo da Vinci
63
This edict/law made Martin Luther an outlaw after publishing his 95 thesis
Edict of worms
64
All of the following Mercedes states in northern and central Italy, and played crucial roles in Italian politics
Florence, Venice, Milan
65
City and Switzerland where Ulrich Zwingli was reforming the church
Zürich
66
He began a new Christian religion, mainly with the idea of Predestination
John Calvin
67
Swiss city where Calvin began working on his religious reforms in 1536
Geneva
68
Best known Christian humanist he believed that Christianity should show people how to live a good life on a daily basis not just salvation
Desiderius Erasmus
69
Paying a priest for forgiveness of sins
Indulgence
70
The years leading into the renaissance can be described as…
Political and government instability
71
Author of the “ divine comedy” he helped make the Italian vernacular more popular
Dante
72
The most important northern school of our inner 1400s was in________
Flanders
73
Particular ways in which artist create their work
Style
74
A period of European history that began in Italy, and spread to the rest of Europe, emphasizing new ideas in art, science, literature, and philosophy
Italian Renaissance
75
Soldier/army who sold their services to the highest bitter
Mercenaries
76
The holy Roman emperor, who ruled an immense empire, consisting of Spain, Austria, Bohemia, Hungary, and many of the Italian states
Charles V
77
He started the Jesuits, who had an absolute obedience to the pope. They also strongly believed in education.
Ignatius of Loyola
78
To cancel a marriage like it never existed
Annul
79
He took control of the city of Florence, and dominated the city in Florence was the cultural center of Italy
Cosimo de Medici
80
Acceptance into heaven
Salvation
81
City in Germany, where the Catholic Church reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings in opposition to protestant beliefs
Trent
82
The father of Italian renaissance humanism, did more than anyone in the 14th century to develop humanism
Petrarch
83
He conquered Milan with mercenaries and created efficient tax systems, generating enormous revenues for the government
Francesco Sforza
84
He wanted to divorce his wife, so he created a new religion called Anglicanism, or the Church of England
King Henry VIII
85
This was the end to religious warfare in Germany in 1555
Peace of Augsburg
86
This was the most powerful city in Italy, and is aware the pope lives
Rome
87
Erasmus, the Christian humanist mocked Christian monks for doing everything in ________ detail all the time
Precise
88
During the renaissance, humanist were trying to ________ and practice, virtue, and wisdom
Attain
89
He was Cosmo’s grandson, and ran the city of Florence during its height
Lorenzo de Medici
90
A priest in Zurich, he abolished relics and images from the Catholic Church. A focus on prayer not images
Ulrich Zwingli

Midterm (2 decks)

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