History Flashcards
1
Q
Stone Age people
A
Hunter-gatherers, following herds of deer and horses
2
Q
When was Britain permanently seperated by the Channel
A
10,000 years ago (stone age)
3
Q
When did the first farmers arrive in Britain? From where?
A
6,000 years ago from south-east europe
4
Q
Where is Stonehenge? What is it?
A
English county of Wiltshire. A special ggathering place for seasonal ceremonies.
5
Q
Scottish stone age monument
A
Skara Brae on Orkney. A prehistoric village from the Stone Age
6
Q
When did people learn how ot make bronze
A
4,000 years ago
7
Q
When did the bronze age happen?
A
4,000 years ago
8
Q
What kind of things did bronze age people build?
A
Roundhouses to live in, round barrows for their tombs.
9
Q
What crafts were bronze age people known for?
A
objects in bronze and gold, tools, ornaments, weapons
10
Q
What came after the bronze age?
A
Iron age
11
Q
What kind of buildings are from the iron age?
A
Some roundhouses from the bronze age, grouped into larger settlements, and some defended by hill forts
12
Q
An example of an iron age hill fort
A
Maiden castle, in the english county of Dorset.
13
Q
When were the first coins minted?
A
Iron age, inscribed with iron age kings
14
Q
Who led the first invasion of Britain? When?
A
Julius Caesar in 55 BC
15
Q
When was the first successful roman invasion of britain?
A
AD 43, by Emperor Claudius.
16
Q
Tribal leader that fought against Romans
A
Boudicca, queen of Iceni from eastern britain. There is a statue to her on Westminster bridge in london.
17
Q
Why was hadrian’s wall built?
A
Scotland was never conquered by the Romans. To keep out the picts.
18
Q
Forts on hardian’s wall still accessible today
A
Housesteads and Vindolanda
19
Q
How long did romans remain in britain?
A
400 years
20
Q
When did first Christian communities appear?
A
3rd and 4th centuries AD: 200 and 300 AD
21
Q
When did the romans leave britain
A
410 AD
22
Q
Who invaded after the romans left?
A
Tribes from northern Europe: the Jutes, Angles, and Saxons
23
Q
What languages were the basis for English?
A
French norman, jutes, angles, saxons
24
Q
Be what year were the anglo-saxons established in britain?
A
600 AD
25
A burial place of an anglo-saxon king
Suttun Hoo at suffolk, buried with treasure and armour in a ship buried
26
Were the anglo saxons christian?
Not when they first came, but mssionaries from Ireland spread christianity
27
Who is the patron sait of ireland
St patrick
28
Who is st columba
A famous missionary from anglo saxon times that founded a monastary on the island of Iona.
29
Who is st augustine
A missionary from anglo saxon time that led missionaries from Rome, spreading christianity in the south. He became the first Archbishop of canterbury
30
Where did vikings come from
Denmark, sweden, norway
31
When did vikings first visit britain
789 AD
32
Where did vikings stay in britain
east and north in the Danelaw
33
Viking raids caused what in scotland
unification under one king, Kenneth MacAlpin
34
What happened in 1066?
An invasion led by William, the duke of normandy, defeated harold, the saxon king of england. William the conquerer
35
What commemorates william the conquerer's defeat of king harold
The Bayeux Tapestry in France
36
A list of all towns and villages, who owned land and animals. Ordered by william the conquerer in norman times.
Domesday book
37
When were the middle ages?
476 AD to 1485, a thousand years from the end of the Roman empire. Norman conquest.
38
When was Wales annexed to england? Under whose rule?
1284 King Edward I
39
How much of Ireland did English rule in the Middle ages?
In the beginning, ireland was an independent country. By 1200, English rules The Pale around Dublin
40
What was the middle ages war with France?
The Hundred Years War (116 years).
41
What was the most famous battle of the 100 years war?
The battle of Agincourt in 1415. King Henry V defeated France.
42
What kind of land ownership did Normans use?
Fuedalism
43
How did fuedalism work?
The king gave land to lords in return for help in the war. Landowners send men to fight in the army. Peasants were serfs, with small areas of land to grow food, work for their lord, and not able to move away.
44
When did the black death come to Britain?
1348
45
How much of the population died in the black plague`
One third
46
How did the black plague affect people?
A smaller population meant fewer crops needed to be grown, labour shortages meant peasant could demand higher wages, leading to a strong middle class.
England controlled less of The Pale in Ireland
47
When did parliament begin to develop into the institution it is today?
During the Middle Ages
48
What is the origin of parliament?
In the middle ages, the king's council of advisers, which included noblemen and the leaders of the church
49
When were formal limits on the king's power established?
1215
50
What happened in 1215
King John was forced by noblemen to create the Magna Carta
51
What is the Magna Carta?
A charter that established the idea that even the king was subject to law. It protected the rights of nobility and restricting the king's power to collect taxes or change laws
52
What were the middle ages parts of parliament?
House of Lords: nobility, great landowners, and wealthy people. House of Commons: Knights and wealthy people from towns
53
What is the principle development to the legal system in the middle ages?
Judges are independent of the government, the developed common lay by a process of precedence.
54
Languages before the Normal Conquest and after
Before, anglo-saxon and norman french, after combined into english
55
When were official documents written in English
by 1400
56
Who was Geoffrey Chaucer
An author who wrote a series of poems, the Canterbury Tales.
57
Who was William Caxton
The first person in England to print books using a printing press, including the Canterbury tales
58
Who is John Barbour
A scottish poet that wrote The Bruce, aboutt he battle of Bannockburn
59
A famous example of stained glass from the middle ages
York Minster
60
When was the war of roses
1455
61
Who fought in the war of the roses
House of Lancaster and House of York
62
What ended the war of roses
The battle of bosworth Field in 1485. King Richard III of House of York was killed. Henry Tudor of house lancaster became King Henry VII. Henry married Richard's niece, Elizabeth of York.
63
Who founded House Tudor
King Henry VII of lancaster married Elizabeth of York
64
How did Henry VII centralise power?
After the War of Roses, Henry VII reduced power of the nobles and built up the monarchy's financial reserves
65
What was Henry VIII most famous for
Breaking away from the Church of Rome and marrying six times
66
Who was catherine of aragon
Henry VIII's first wife, a spanish princess. She had one surviving child, Mary, but when she became too old to give another child Henry VIII decided to devorce her.
67
Who was Anne Boleyn
Henry VIII's second wife, an english woman. She had Elizabeth, but then was accused of taking lovers and was executed at the Tower of London
68
Who was Jane Seymour
Henry VIII's third wife, who had Edward and died soon after
69
Who was Anne of Cleves
Henry VIII's fourth wife, a German princess. Married for political reasons but divorced quickly
70
Who was Catherine Howard
Henry VIII's fifth wife, cousin of Anne Boleyn. She was also accused of taking lovers and executed.
71
Who was Catherine Parr
Henry VIII's sixth wife, a widow that survived him to marry again
72
Who founded the Church of England
Henry VIII, when the pope did not approve his divorce from Catherine of Aragon, he established the church of england.
73
What key changes would there be with the church of england?
The king, not the pope, would have the power to appoint bishops and order how people should worship
74
What happened during the Reformation in Tudor times?
The protestants formed their own church, away from the Roman Catholic Church
75
Key changes protestants made to christianity
they formed their own churches, read the bible in their own languages instead of latin, did not pray to saints or at shrines, and they believed a person's own relationship with God was more important that subitting to the church's authority.
76
When did protestant ideals gain strength in england, wales, and scotland
the 16th century
77
When did Wales become formally united with england?
During the reign of Henry VIII, by the act for the government of wales
78
What was Edward VI known for?
He was Henry VIII's son, a protestant. During his reign, the book of common prayer was written to be used in the church of england.
79
Who was bloody mary?
The half sister of Edward VI who ruled after him. She was a catholic that persecuted the protestants, earning her name.
80
Who was Elizabeth I?
The daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, a protestant that re-established Church of England as the offical church. She was one of the most popular monarchs, especially after 1588
81
What happened in 1588?
The english defeated the spanish armada, which had been sent be spain to restore catholicism. Queen elizabeth I's reign.
82
The reformation in Scotland in 1560
The protestant scottich parliament abolished the authority of the pope in scotland and roman catholic religious services became illegal.
83
Who was Mary Stuart
Mary queen of scots, a catholic who was only a week old when she became queen. When her husband was murdered, she was suspected of involvement and fled to her cousin Elizabeth I, who imprisoned her.
84
Who ruled after Mary queen of scots
Her son James VI, a protestant.
85
Who was Sir francis Duke
An English commander in the defeat of the Spanish armada. A founder of England's naval tradition and owner of the golden hind.
86
What is the golden hind
Sir francis duke's ship, the first to sail around the world. Elizabethan era.
87
Famous shakespeare plays
A midsummer's night dream, hamlet, macbeth, and romeo and juliet.
88
Shakespeare's theatre
The Globe Theatre in london
89
Who ruled after Elizabeth I
James VI of scotland, also known as James I of england, wales, and ireland.
90
The most famous achievement of James VI of scotland and James I of england, wales, and ireland
A new translation of the bible into english, the King James version
91
Who took the title King of Ireland
Henry VIII
92
Where did the english government encourage scottish and english to settle in ireland?
Ulster, the northern province, to make plantations. During the rule of Elizabeth I and James I
93
What is the divine right of kings? Who is associated with it?
The idea that the king was directly appointed by god to rule. James I and his son Charles I
94
What started the English civil war in 1640?
Charles I wanted worship to include more ceremony, so introduced a revised prayer book. A scottish army formed and Charles I couldn't fund his army, so he recalled Parliament to ask for money. They refused.Charles I entered the house of commons to arrest parliament leaders.
95
What were the two parties in the civil war of 1642?
Those who supported Charles I, the Cavaliers, and those who supported parliament, the Roundheads
96
Who won the civil war of 1642
Parliament, by 1646. Charles I was executed in 1649
97
When was king charles I's army defeated in the civil war of 1642?
At the battles of Marston Moor and Naseby
98
What happened at the end of the civil way of 1642?
England declared itself a republic, called the Commonwealth.
99
Who was Oliver Cromwell?
A general that established the authority of English Parliament in Ireland with such violence that he remains a controversial figure. Later the leader of the new republic, Lord protector until his death in 1658
100
Who was Charles II
Charles I's son, who the scots declared as king after not agreeing with Charles I's execution. He famously his in an oak tree before fleeing to europe. He was crowned in 1660
101
What happened in 1665
A plague in London, then a great fire
102
Who was Sir Christopher Wren
A famous architect that designed the rebuild of st paul's cathedral after the fire of 1665
103
What is the habeas corpus act? when was it?
1679, a law. Latin for you must present the person in court. It guaranteed no one could be held prisoner unlawfully, and every prisoner had a right to a court hearing.
104
Who was Sir Isaac Newton?
Scientist born in lincolnshire, east england. Mathmatical principles of natural philosophy showed how gravity applied to the universe. Discovered white light is made of rainbow.
105
What was the glorious revolution
James II's eldest daughter, Mary, was married to her cousin William of Orange. In 1688, William III took the throne from James II. There was no fighting and it guaranteed power of parliament.
106
What happened to the Macdonalds of glencoe in the 1600's
They were late to accept William III in oath and were killed, leading to many scots distrusting the government.
107
Who were the jacobites?
Supporters of James II, after william III took the throne. Some joined him in exile in France.
108
When was the declaration of rights first read
At the coronation of William III and Mary
109
What was the declaration of rights
A confirmation that the king would no longer be able to raise taxes or administer justice without agreement from parliament.
110
What was the bill of rights and when was it put in place
1689, confirmation of the rights of parliament and the limits of the king's power.
111
What were the first two parliament parties?
Whigs and tories
112
When were newspapers allowed to operate without government licence?
from 1695
113
What were the huguenots
Refugees from France. Protestants that had been persecuted for their religion.
114
When did Scotland become part of the united kingdom instead of an independent country
1707 with the Treaty of Union in Scotland.
115
Who was the first prime minister and the years in service
Sir Robert Walpole, from 1721 to 1742
116
What happened in 1745
An attempt to put Charles Edward Stuart (bonnie prince charlie) on the throne, the grandson of James II. He was defeated in the battle of culloden in 1746.
117
Who was Robert Burns
Late 1700's. The Bard, a scottish poet. He wrote Auld Lang Syne, sung at New Year.
118
What was one of the most important principles of the Enlightenment in the 18th century
Everyone should have the right to their own political and religious beliefs and that the state should not try to dictate them
119
Before the 18th century, what was the biggest source of employment in britain
Agriculture and cottage inustries, like cloth and lace
120
Why did the industrial revolution happen
Because of the development of machinery and the use of steam power, machanising agriculture and making things more efficient. The bessemer process for mass producing steel.
121
Who was Richard Arkwright
1732, developed efficient factories for carding yarn into fabric, using steam or horse power.
122
Where were colonies established in the industrial revolution
India and southern africa, north america
123
Who was Sake Dean Mahomet
1759-1851. Opened the first curry house in britain, Hindoostane Coffee House in Goerge Street london in 1810. Bengali married to Irish Jane Daly. Introduced shampooing to britain.
124
During what century was the slave trade fully established, dominated by britain and the american colonies?
18th century (1700's)
125
Who were the first formal anti-slavery groups established by?
The quakers in the late 1700's, they petitioned parliament to ban to practice
126
Who was William Wilberforce
An evangelical Christian and member of parliament who played an active part in banning slavery in the late 1700's.
127
When did it become illegal to trade slaves in British ships or from British ports?
1807
128
When was slavery abolished throughout the British empire?
The emancipation act in 1833
129
After 1833, who were employed to replace slaves
Indian and Chinese workers
130
What year did 13 American colonies declare independence
1776
131
What year did Britain recognise the american colonies independence?
1783
132
When was the battle of trafalgar, which countries fought?
1805, Britain, Spanish, and French. Admiral Nelson was in charge of British fleet
133
What is the HMS Victory?
Admiral Nelson's ship, currently in portsmouth.
134
When and how did the French Wars end?
1815, with napoleon's defeat by the Duke of Wellington at the battle of waterloo. Wellington, known as the iron duke, later became prime minister.
135
What symbolism is on the union flag?
The crosses of:
St george, patron saint of england, the red cross on white ground
St andrew, patron saint of scotland, diagonal white cross on a blue ground
st patrick, patron saint of ireland, a diagonal red cross on a white ground
136
When did victoria become queen of england? How old was she
1837, 18 years old
137
When did queen victoria rule until? how many years
1901, 64 years
138
What did the british empire cover during the victorian era? What was the population
All of india, australia, and large parts of africa. Over 400 million people
139
What were the Corn Laws? When were they appealed?
1846. They prevented the import of cheap grain. Repealing lead to the import of raw materials more cheaply.
140
When were the number of hours women and children could work limited?
1847, they were limited to 10 hours a day
141
What were the father and son George and Robert stephenson famous for
In the victorian era, pioneering the railway engine and expansion of railways.
142
Who was Isambard kingdom brunel?
1806-1859 An engineer from portsmouth who built tunnels, bridges, and railways. Great western railway.
143
How much of the world's iron, coal, and cotton cloth came from the UK in the 19th century
more than half
144
When was the crimean war
1853-1856
145
Who were involved in the crimean war
Britain sided with turkey and france against russia
146
When was the victorian cross medal introduced
during the crimean war
147
Who was florence nightingale
1820-1910 A nurse who treated soldiers of the crimean war in Turkey, responsible for improving hospital conditions and reducing mortality rate. Established nightingale training school in 1860, founder of modern nursing
148
When was the irish potatoe famine
mid 19th century
149
What were the sentiments of the irish nationalist movement
The fenians, who favoured complete independence. Charles Stuart Parnell advocated for home rule, with its own parliament
150
When was the first Reform act, what did it do?
1832. Increased the number of people who could vote. Redefined boroughs and parliamentary seats.
151
When was the second reform act? what did it do?
1867, chartists helped create more urban seats in parliament and reduced the amount of property people needed to have before they could vote.
152
What gave wives the right to keep their own earnings and property
Acts of parliament in 1870 and 1882
153
Who was emmeline pankhurst
1858-1928 She set up the women's franchise league in 1889. In 1903, she set up the women's social and political union.
154
What was the Boer war
1899 to 1902 war in south africa with settlers from netherlands called the boers. Public sympathy for them called into question whether the Empire was right.
155
Who was rudyard kipling
1865-1936 An author born in india reflecting the idea that the british empire was a force for good. Awarded nobel prize 1907. Books Just so stories and jungle books, poem If
156
When was franz ferdinand of austria assassinated?
1914
157
Who were the allied powers of the first world war
Britain, france, russia, japan, belgium, serbia, greece, italy, romania, and the us
158
Who did the allied powers fight against in the first world war
Germany, austro-hungarian empire, the ottoman empire, bulgaria
159
When did the first world war end
1918
160
What happened in 1913 with ireland
The british government promised Home Rule, a self-governed ireland with its own parliament, but sitll part of the uk. Postponed by the first world war.
161
What was the easter rising
1916 an irish uprising due to the delay in home rule, against the british in dublin. the leaders were executed.
162
When was a peace treaty signed in ireland, making ireland into two countries?
1921 and 1922
163
What year was the great depression
1929
164
Some positives of the great depression
the auto and aviation industries developed, car ownership doubled, new housing built, cultural blossoming. BBC started radio broadcasts and first regular tv series.
165
When did adolf hitler come into power in germany
1933, he believed conditions imposed by the allies were unfair
166
When did hitler inavde poland
1939
167
Countries of the axis powers of the second world war
Germany, italy, and Japan
168
Countries of the allied powers of the second world war
UK, france, poland, australia, new zealand, canada, south africa
169
Who was winston churchill
1874-1965 prime minister during second world war.
170
What gave rise to the phrase "the dunkirk spirit"
Civilian volunteers in small pleasure and fishing boats helped the Navy to rescue more than 300,000 lives from the beaches around Dunkirk.
171
When and what was the battle of britain
1940, the aerial battle against the germans for control of airspace
172
The most important planes used by britain in the battle for britain
spitfire and hurricane in 1940
173
When did the us enter world war 2
After the attack on pearl harbour in 1941
174
What and when was d-day
June 6 1944, when allied forces landed in normandy
175
Who was alexander fleming
1881-1955 Discovered penecillin, leading to its mass production in 1940s. Nobel prize winner.
176
Who was prime minister in 1945, after the war
Clement Attlee
177
When was the nhs established
1948
178
What colonies were granted independence after the war
India, pakistan, sri lanka, countries in africa, the caribean and tha paficifc.
179
What is nato
North atlantic treaty organisation, an alliance of nation set up to resist the perceived threat of invasion by the soviet union and its allies
180
Who was clement attlee
1883-1967 Prime minister 1945-1951 of labour party for 20 years. Led nationalisation of coal and steel industries, created nhs.
181
Who was william beveridge
1879-1963 An economist and social reformer that made the 1942 report Social Insurance and Allied Services, the Beveridge report. Provided the modern basis for welfare state.
182
Who was R A Butler
1902-1982. Oversaw the eduction act 1944, introduced free secondary education
183
Who was dylan thomas
1914-1953 Welsh poet and writer, Do not go gentle into that good night
184
Two well known pop music groups of the 60s
The beatles and the rolling stones
185
Who invented the television and when
1920s, scotsmas john logie baird
186
Who invented radar and when
1935 scotsman sir robert watson-watt
187
What is a turing machine, who made it, and when
A theoretical mathematical device that influenced the creation of the computer. Alan turing 1930s
188
Who discovered insulin
scottish physican John macleod
189
Who discovered the struction of the dna molecule and when
1953 Francis Crick
190
Who developed the jet engine and when
1930s Sit frank whittle of the royal air force
191
Who invented the hovercraft and when
Sir christopher cockerell in the 1950w
192
What is the harrier jump jet
an aircraft capable of takingoff vertically
193
Who invented the ATM and when
James goodfellow in the 1960s
194
Who pioneered IVF and when
Sir robert edwards and patrick steptoe in the 1970s
195
Who were the first to successfull clone a sheep and when
Sir ian wilmut and keith campbell in 1996
196
Who invented the mri
sir peter mansfield
197
Who invented the world wide web and when
Sir tim berners-lee 1990
198
Who was mary peters
1972 olympic gold pentathlon, made Dame for her promotion of women's olympic team
199
What countries are in the 1957 European Economic community
West germany, france, belgium, italy, luxemborg, and the netherlands
200
When was the EU formed
1993
201
When did the uk formally leave the eu
2020
202
Who was britains first woman prime minister
margaret thatcher 1979-1990
203
Then did argentina invade the falkland islands
1982
204
Who was margaret thatcher
1925-2013 Conservative prime minister 1979-1990. Helped end the cold war.
205
Who was roald dahl
1916-1990 Welsh author during the 1940s
206
Which party and prime minister was elected in 1997
The labour party led by tony blair
207
What glbal fight has the uk been apart of since 2000
Against international terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, in afghanistan and iraq
208
When did british combat troops leave iraq
2009
209
Which party and prime minister won the election of 2010
Neither, so a coalition was formed with David cameron as prime minister
210
Who was elected prime minister 2016
Theresa May
211
Who was elected prime minister in 2019
Boris Johnson
212
What is the longest distance on the mainland
from john o groats in northern scotland to land's end in the southwest of england 870 miles
213
Uk population in 1600
just over 4 million
214
uk population in 1700
5 million
215
uk population in 1801
8 million
216
uk population in 1851
20 million
217
uk population in 1901
40 million
218
uk population 1951
50 million
219
uk population 1998
57 million
220
uk population 2005
just under 60 million
221
uk population 2010
just over 62 million
222
uk population 2017
just over 66 million
223
uk population % in england
84%
224
uk population % in wales
5%
225
uk population % in scotland
8%
226
uk population % in northern ireland
3%
227
% of Christian
59%
228
% Muslim
4.8%
229
% hindu, sikh, and jewish or budhist
hindu 1.5%, Sikh .8%, and less than .5%
230
% no religion
25%
231
Who is the head of the church of england
The monarch
232
What is Wales' saint day
1 march, st david's day
233
What is northern ireland's saint day
17 march, st patricks day
234
what is england's saint day
23 april, st george's day
235
what is scotland's saint day
30 november st andrew's day
236
What is the day before lent starts called
Shrove tuesday, or pancake day
237
what is the day lent starts called
ash wednesday
238
What is diwali
celebrated by hindus and sikhs, the festival of lights. Celebrates vistory of good over evil and gaining knowledge.
239
What is eid al-fitr
celebration of the end of ramadan, when muslims have fasted for a month
240
what is eid al adha
muslim holiday remembering the prophet ibrahim willing to sacrifice his son when god ordered him to
241
What is vaisakhi
sikh festival celebrating the founding of the sikh community on April 14.
242
When is mothering sunday
the sunday three weeks before easter
243
When is father's day
the third sunday in june
244
when is remembrance day
11 november, comemorates those who died fighting for the uk and its allies. Red poppies, laid at the cenotaph in Whitehall, london
245
Sports that began in the uk
cricket, football, lawn tennis, golf, and rugby
246
When has the uk hosted the olympic games
1908, 1948, 2012
247
Who started the paralympic games
Sir ludwig guttman, a german refugee
248
who was sir roger bannister
the first man in the world to run a mile in under 4 minutes in 1954
249
who was sir jackie stewart
scottism former racing driver who won the formula 1 world championship 3 times
250
who was bobby moore
captained the english football team that won the world cup in 1966
251
who was sir ian botham
captained the english cricket team and held a number of english test cricket records, both for batting and bowling
252
who was jayne torvill and christopher dean
won gold medals for ice dancing at the olympic games in 1984 and 4 consecutive world championships
253
who was sit steve redgrave
won gold medals in rowing in 5 consecutive olympic games, one of britains greatest olympians
254
who is Baroness tanni grey-thompson
16 paralympic gold medalist, won london marathon 6 times, and broke 30 world records
255
who is dame kelly holmes
won 2 gold medals for running in 2004 olympic games, holds a number of british and european records
256
who is dame ellen macarthur
yachtswoman, the fastest person to fail around the world singlehanded in 2004
257
who is sir chris how
a scottish cyclist who has won 6 gold and 1 silver olympic medals, 11 world championship titles
258
who is david weir
6 gold medals paralympics, won london marathon 6 times
259
who is sir bradley wiggins
a cyclist, 2012 first briton to win tour de france. 8 olympic gold medals
260
who is sir mo farrah
british distance runner, gold medalist
261
who is dame jessica ennis-hill
2012 gold medal in haptathlon
262
who is sir andy murray
scottish tennis player who one 2012 men's singles title in the us open
263
who is elli simmonds
paralympian who won gold medals for swimming, holds world records, youngest member of the 2008 british team
264
famous horse racing events
Royal Ascot in Berkshire, Grand national in aintree near liverpool, and scottish grand national at ayr.
265
What is known as the home of golf
st andrews in scotland
266
When and where was the first tennis club founded
leamington spa in 1872
267
Who was sir franis chichester
a british sailor and first person to sail single handed around the world passing the cape of good hope and cape horn in 1966
268
When did motor car racing start in the uk
1902
269
winners of formula 1 world championship
damon hill, lewis hamilton, and jenson button
270
What is the proms?
an 8 week summer season of orchestral classical music organised by the BBC since 1927
271
Who was henry purcell
1659-1695, an organist of westminster abbey
272
Who was george frederick handel
1685-1759, german-born composer who wrot water music, music for the royal fireworks, and messiah
273
Who was gustav holst
1874-1934 composer who wrote the planets, jupiter, I vow to thee my country, and other hymns
274
Who was sir edward elgar
1857-1934 composer, pomps and circumstance marches, march no 1 land of hope and glory
275
who was ralph vaughan williams
1872-1958 composer
276
who was sit william walton
1902-1983 composer who worte film scores and opera, Facade, Belshazzar's feast
277
Who was benjamin britten
1913-1976 composer best known for operas, peter grimes and billy budd, a young person's guide to the orchestra. founded aldeburgh festival in suffolk.
278
What is the national eisteddfod
A welsh annual cultural festival, with welsh music, dance, art, original performances, and poetry.
279
What is the murcury prize
awarded each september for best album in the uk and ireland
280
What is mousetrap
a murder-mystery play be dame agatha christie, running in the west end since 1952. longest running show in history.
281
Gilbert and sullivan shows
hms pinafore, the pirates of penzance, the mikado
282
works by andrew lloyd webber
jesus christ superstar, evita, cats, phantom of the opera
283
who was thomas gainsborough
1727-1788 portrait painter who often painted people in country or garden scenery
284
who was david allan
1744-1796 sottish painter who was best known for painting portraits. The origin of painting
285
Who was joseph turner
1775-1851 influential landscape painter. Raised the profile of modern landscape painting.
286
Who was john constable
1776-1837 landscape painter famous for works on dedham vale on the suffolk-essex border in east england
287
who were pre-rephaelites
a group of artists in the second half of the 19ths century. Holman hunt, dante gabriel rossetti, and sir john millais.
288
Who was sir john lavery
1856-1941 northern irish painter, painted the royal family
289
Who was henry moore
1898-1986 english sculptor and artist, known for abstract bronze sculptures
290
who was john petts
1914-1991 welsh artist known for engravings and stained glass
291
who was lucian freud
1922-2011 german-british artist known for portraits
292
who was david hockney
1937 contributor to the pop art movement of the 60s
293
When was the turner prize established
1984, celebrates contemporary art
294
Winners of the turner art prize
Damien hirst, richard wright
295
Examples of cathedrals
Durham, lincoln, canterbury and salisbury
296
example of norman castle keep
the white tower in the tower of london
297
Who designed the Queen's house at greenwich and when
Inigo jones in the 17th century
298
Robert Adam's work
18th century architect, designed dumfries house in scotland
299
Who was sir edward lutyens
20th century architect, designed new delhi seat of government, cenotaph in whitehall
300
Examples of british authors
novelist sir william golding, poet seamus heaney, playwright harold pinter. Adatha christie. Ian fleming. JRR tolkien.
301
Who was jane austen
1775-1817 novelist, pride and prejudice, sense and sensibility
302
who was charles dickens
1812-1870 author of oliver twist, great expectations
303
who was robert louis stevenson
1850-84 author for children and adults, treasure island, kidnapped, and do jekyll and mr hyde
304
who was thomas hardy
1840-1928 author and poet, far from the madding crowd and jude the obscure
305
who was sir arthur conan doyle
1859-1930 scottish doctor and writer, wrote sherlock holmes
306
who was evelyn waigh
1903-1966 wrote satirical novels, including decline and fall and scoop, brideshead revisited
307
who is sir kingsley amis
1922-1995 english novelist and poet, more than 20 novels, lucky jim
308
who is graham greene
1904-1995 religious novels, the heart of the matter, the honorary consul, brighton rock and our man in havana
309
who is jk rowling
1965- wrote harry potter
310
What is beowulf
an anglo-saxon poem that tells of the hero's battles against monsters
311
Examples of gardens
kew gardens, sissinghurst and hidcote in england, crathes castle and inveraray castle in scotland, bodnant garden in wales, and mount stewart in northern ireland
312
Foods associated with england
roast beef, yorkshire puddings, fish and chips
313
food associated with wales
welsh cakes
314
food associated with scotland
haggis
315
food associated with northern ireland
ulster fry
316
When were films first shown publicly
1896
317
British movie directors
Sir alexander korda, sir alfred hitchcock, sir david lean, sir ridley scott
318
The most famous satirical magazine
Punch from the 1840s
319
how much is the fine if you watch tv but do not have a tv licence
£1000
320
When was the national trust founded
1895
321
how many volunteers are there for the national trust
more than 61,000
322
How big is the loch lomond national partk
720 square miles
323
how tall is the london eye
443 feet
324
who built the tower of london and when
William the conquerer in 1066
325
Who gives tours of the tower of london
The yeoman warders, Beefeaters
326
Where can you see the crown jewels
the tower of london
327
how big is the lake district
912 square miles
328
What kind of government does the uk have
a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarchy
329
What changes did the Chartists of the 1830s want?
every man has the vote, elections every year, all regions equal in electoral system, secret ballots, any man able to stand as an mp, mp to be paid
330
What is a constitution
a set of principles by which a country is governed, inncluding laws and conventions
331
The main parts of the government
the monarchy, parliament (the house of commons and the house of lords), the prime minister, the cabinet, the judiciary courts, the police, the civil service, local government
332
What do new citizens swear as part of the ceremony
they affirm loyalty to the king
333
What do voters in each constituency elect in a general election
their member of parliament MP
334
What majority forms the government
The party with the most Mps, or a coalition
335
What is the house of commons
the more important of the two chambers because members are democratically ellected.
336
What is a constituency
A small area of the country represented by an MP
337
Responsibilities of an mp
represent everyone in their constituency
help create new laws
scrutinise and comment on what the government is doing
debate important national issues
338
what is the house of lords
Peers are not elected and do not represent a constituency
339
Until 1958, what were peers in the house of lords
hereditary
senior judges
bishops of the church of england
340
What key change has happened to the house of lords in 1999
hereditary peers have lost the automatic right to attend the house of lords, now electing a few of their number to represent them
341
What does the house of lords do now
suggests amendments, proposes new laws to be discussed by mps, checks that laws are fit for purpose
342
Who chairs debates in the house of commons
The speaker, chief officer of the house of commons
343
What party does the speaker represent
The speaker is neutral, but does represent a constituency
344
Who chooses the speaker
The speaker is chosen by other mps in a secret ballot
345
How often is a general election, and who is chosen
General elections happen at least every 5 years to choose MPs
346
What happens if an mp dies or resigns
a by-election is held in their constituency
347
What is the system by which mps are elected
first past the post, whoever gets the most votes
348
Where are the details of Mps, Senedd members, and members of the scottish parliament published
The phone book, publishd by BT
349
How can you contact mps
By letter or phone at their constituency office, or at their office in the house of commons in westminster
350
Who appoints members of the cabinet
the prime minister
351
What is Chequers
a country house outside of london for the prime minister
352
How many people are in the cabinet
20 mps
353
What are the departments of the cabinet
Chancellor of exchequer (economy)
Home secretary (crime, policing, immigration)
Foreign secretary
Secretaries of state, other ministers, responsible for eduction, health, and defence
354
How often does the cabinet meet
weekly
355
What is the opposition
the second largest party in the house of commons, the leader usually becomes prime minister if their party wins the next general election
356
What are the major political parties
conservative, labour, liberal democrats
357
What is an independent mp
they do not represent any of the main political parties, but an issue important to their constituency
358
What do civil servants do
The support the government in developing and implementing its policies. The deliver public services and are accountable to ministers
359
What are the civil servant core values
integrity, honesty, objectivity, and impartiality
360
What are towns, cities, and rural areas governed by
democratically elected councils
361
What are local authorities funded by
money from central goernment and local taxes
362
how many local authorities does london have
33
363
who coordinates polies across london
the Greater london authority and the mayor of london
364
When are local elections for councilors held
may every year
365
When were devolved governments established from
1997 for wales, scotland, and northern ireland
366
What year were scottish parliament and welsh senedd founded
1999
367
What remains under central uk government control
policy and laws governing defence, foreign affairs, social security, and most taxes
368
how many members of senedd are there
60
369
how often are senedd elections held
every 4 years
370
What does senedd have the power to make laws about
education and training, health and social services, economic development, housing
371
how many members of the scottish parliament are there
129
372
What things can the scottish parliament make laws about
civil and criminal law, health, education, planning, additional tax raising powers
373
When was the northern ireland assembly established
1922 when ireland was divided, then abolished in 1972, then reformed in 1998
374
how many members are in the northern ireland assembly
90
375
What can the northern ireland assembly make decisions on
education, agriculture, the environment, health, social services
376
What is hansard
the proceedings in parliament official report broadcast
377
what is a free press
what is written in newspapers is free from government control
378
how do you register to vote
contact your local council electoral registration officeW
379
When is the electoral register updated
every year in september of october
380
When are polling stations or places open
7am until 10pm
381
true or false, members of the house of lords cannot stand for election to the house of commons
true
382
where can the public listen to debates
in the palace of westminster from public galleries in both the house of common and house of lords
383
What is the commonwealth
an association of countries that spport each other and work together towards shared goals in democracy and development
384
how many countries are in the commonwealth
54
385
how many countries are in the council of europe
47
386
what is the council of europe responsible for
the protection and promotion of human rights
387
How many countries are in the united nations
190
388
What is the united nations
Set up after WW2 to prevent war and promote international peace
389
Criminal law
relates to crimes investigated by the police or another authority such as council, and which are punished by the courts
390
civil law
used to settle disputes between individuals or groups
391
examples of civil laws
housing law, consumer rights, employment law, and debt
392
the job of the uk police
protect life and property, prevent disturbances or keeping the peace, prevent and detect crime
393
What is the judiciary responsible for
interpreting law and ensuring trials are conducted fairly
394
What can judges make decisions about
Whether the actions of the government are illegal, disputes between public and organisations about contracts, property, or employments rights
395
Where are most criminal cases dealt with
In a magistrates' court, except in scotland where they go to a justice of the peace court
396
Where are serious cases heart
in front of a judge and jury in a crown court, or in a sheriff court with a sheriff and jury in scotland
397
how many members of the public are chosen for a jury
12, or 15 in scotland
398
What do county courts deal with
people trying to get money that is owed them, personal injury, family matters, breaches of contract, and divorce
399
When is small claims court used
in cases less than £10,000, or £3,000 in scotland.
400
The principles included in the european convention on human rights
right to life
prohibition of torture
prohibition of slavery and forced labour
right to liberty and security
right to a fair trial
freedom of thought, conscience, and religion
freedom of expression/speech
401
What does income include, for tax purposes
wages from paid employedment
profits from self employment
taxable benefits
pensions
income from property, savings, and dividends
402
What is the money raised through national insurance contributions used for
state benefits and services, such as state retirement pension and nhs
403
How old must you be to begin driving a car or motor cycle
17
404
How old must you be to begin driving a moped
16
405
How old are drivers licenses valid until
70 years, then a new one every 3 years
406
What plate must new drivers in northern ireland display
R for restricted driver, for 1 year
407
The 10 values and responsibilities
obey and respect the law
be aware of rights of others and respect them
treat others with fairness
behave responsibly
help and protect you family
respect and preserve the environment
treat everyone equally
to work to provide for yourself and your family
to help others
to vote in local and national government elections
408
What are school governors
people from the local community who wish to make a positive contribution to childrens education
409
What part to guvornors play in raising school standards
setting strategic direction of the school
ensuring accountability
monitoring an evaluating school performance
410
how long does it take to donate blood
1 hour
411
where do you register to become an organ donor
www.organdonation.nhs.uk
412
where can you find information about volunteering for different organisations
https://do-it.org
413
