History Flashcards
John Cabot
European exploration began in earnest in 1497 with the expedition of John Cabot, who was the first to draw a map of Canada’s East Coast.
Jacques Cartier
Between 1534 and 1542, Jacques Cartier made three voyages across the Atlantic, claiming the land for King Francis I of France.
Naming canada
Cartier heard two captured guides speak the Iroquoian word kanata, meaning “village.” By the 1550s, the name of Canada began appearing on maps.
Battle of the Plains of Abraham
In 1759 the British defeated the French in Quebec City
Commanders James Wolfe and the marquis de Montcalm were killed leading their troops into battle
Quebec Act
Passed in 1774
It allowed religious freedom for Catholics and permitted them to hold public office, a practice not then allowed in Britain. The Quebec Act restored French civil law while maintainingBritish criminal law.
Constitutional Act
1791
Granted to Canadians legislative assemblies elected by the people
Name Canada also became official at this time
Abolished slavery
British parliament in 1807 prohibited the buying and selling of slaves and 1833 abolished slavery
Lieutenant-Colonel John
Graves Simcoe
Upper Canada’s first Lieutenant Governor and founder of the City of York (now Toronto).
Simcoe also made Upper Canada the first province in the British Empire to abolish slavery
War of 1812
From 1812-14
Launched in June of 1812
In 1813 the Americans burned Government House and the Parliament Buildings in York (now Toronto).
In retaliation in 1814, Major-General Robert Ross led an expedition from Nova Scotia that burned down the White House and other public buildings in Washington, D.C.
Lord Durham
An English reformer who recommended that upper and lower Canada be merged and given responsible government
Laura Secord
In 1813, pioneer wife and mother of five children, made a dangerous 19-mile (30-km) journey on foot to warn Lieutenant James FitzGibbon of a planned American attack. Her bravery contributed to victory at the Battle of Beaver Dams.
Sir John Alexander Macdonald
In 1867 became Canadas first prime Minster
Born in Scotland and his portrait is on the $10 bill, January 11 is sir John a Macdonald day
Dominion of Canada
July 1, 1867
Fathers of confederation established the dominion of Canada. They created two levels of government, federal and provincial.
Now known as Canada day
Canadas national colors
King George V, assigned Canada’s national colours (white and red) in 1921, the colours of our national flag today
Sir George-Etienne Cartier
MCartier led Quebec into Confederation and helped negotiate the entry of the Northwest Territories, Manitoba and British Columbia
North West Mounted Police
Prime Minister Macdonald established the North West Mounted Police (NWMP) in 1873 to pacify the West and assist in negotiations with the Indians.
Today, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP or “the Mounties”) are the national police force and one of Canada’s best-known symbols.
Sir Wilfrid Laurier
the first French-Canadian prime minister since Confederation and encouraged immigration to the West. His portrait is on the $5 bill.
Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR)
November 7, 1885 the CPR was completed
Boer war
South African War (1899-1902), popularly known as the Boer War
Canadian corps
in 1914 Ottawa formed the Canadian Expeditionary Force (later the Canadian Corps). More than 600,000 Canadians served in the war
Dr. Emily Stowe
Founder of women’s suffrage movement and the first Canadian woman to practise medicine in Canada.
Agnes Macphail
In 1921 Agnes Macphail, a farmer and teacher, became the first woman MP.
Remembrance Day
November 11
Canadians wear the red poppy and observe a moment of silence at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month to honour the sacrifices of over a million brave men and women who have served,
Lieutenant- Colonel John McCrae
He composed the poem “In Flanders Fields” in 1915; often recited on remembrance day
D-Day invasion
In the epic invasion of Normandy in northern France on June 6, 1944, known as D-Day, 15,000 Canadian troops stormed and captured Juno Beach from the German Army,
