History

Question 1

*Testing was Instituted as a means of selecting who, of the many applicants, would obtain government jobs

Answer 1

Ancient Roots Chinese Civilizaion

Question 2

The National multistage testing program involved a broader scope of interest

Answer 2

Ming Dynasty

Question 3

Tests were used to measure intelligence and Physical Skills

Answer 3

Greek Civilization

Question 4

these universities relied on formal exams in conferring degrees and honors
A child who thrives in a loving and secured family environment tends to do well in terms of intelligence because their environment gives opportunities for learning and growth.

Answer 4

EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES

Question 5

may successfully integrate the FAMILY EFFECT MODEL. Some researchers believe that the family environment begins inside a mother’s womb.

Answer 5

MATERNAL EFFECT

Question 6

Believed that despite our similarities, no two humans are exactly alike. Some of these individual differences are more adaptive than others and these differences lead to more complex, intelligent organisms over time

Answer 6

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES BY. CHARLES DARWIN

Question 7

Father of Psychometrics
Father of Eugenics
Father of Testing Movement
⚫introduced the ANTHROPOMETRIC RECORDS OF STUDENTS ⚫also introduced IDEA OF CORRELATION: correlations should only be used with variables that are normally distributed pioneered the application of rating-scale and questionnaire method, and the free association technique;
He used the GALTON BAR (visual discrimination length) and GALTON WHISTLE (determining the highest audible pitch) Moreover, he also noted that persons with mental retardation tend to have diminished ability to discriminate among heat, cold and pain.

Answer 7

FRANCIS GALTON

Question 8

Measurement of individual differences

Answer 8

DIFFERENTIAL PSCYHOLOGY MOVEMENT

Question 9

• Mathematical models of the mind
  *father of pedagogy as an academic discipline went against Wundt

Answer 9

JOHAN FRIEDRICH HERBART

Question 10

*sensory thresholds focus in the 19th century
*just noticeable differences (JND)

Answer 10

ERNST HEINRICH WEBER

Question 11

*mathematics of sensory thresholds of experience
*founder of psychophysics
*considered one of the founders of experimental psychology

Answer 11

GUSTAV THEODOR FECHNER

Question 12

first to relate sensation and stimulus; psychophysical methods

Answer 12

WEBER-FECHNER LAW:

Question 13

*considered one of the founders of Psychology
*first to setup a psychology laboratory

Answer 13

WILHELM WUNDT

Question 14

*succeeded Wundt
*brought Structuralism to America
his brain is still on display in the psychology department at Cornell

Answer 14

EDWARD TITCHNER

Question 15

pioneer of human ability testing
conducted seminars that changed the field of psychological testing

Answer 15

GUY MONTROSE WHIPPLETANTIUM

Question 16

collapsed because it was observed that it is not related to intelligence

Answer 16

SENSORIMOTOR VIEW:

Question 17

A deductive reasoning process that entails recall and consideration of facts as well as a series of logical judgments to narrow down solutions and eventually arrive at one solution

Answer 17

CONVERGENT THINKING

Question 18

A reasoning process characterized by flexibility of thought, originality, and imagination, making several different solutions possible

Answer 18

DIVERGENT THINKING:

Question 19

*Intelligence testing has emerged since he coined the term mental quotient
*It is a widely used too that has le to the development of many other tests of skill and aptitude

Answer 19

William Stern

Question 20

Refers to the complex concept by which heredity and environment are presumed to interact and influence the development of one’s intelligence

Answer 20

INTERACTIONISM

Question 21

Focused on identifying the ability or groups of abilities deemed to constitute intelligence

Answer 21

FACTOR-ANALYTIC THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE

Question 22

*First theory of intelligence
*Pioneer of factor analysis
*Key individual in the theories of reliability
*Credited with identifying the need to minimize measurement errors in testing

Answer 22

CHARLES SPEARMAN: TWO-FACTOR THEORY OF
INTELLIGENCE

Question 23

required for performance on mental tests of all kinds he called this kind of mental energy that underlies the specific factors (known as G)

Answer 23

GENERAL ABILITY or “G”

Question 24

required for performance on mental test of only one kind

Answer 24

SPECIAL ABILITIES or “S”

Question 25

factors common to a group of activities indicating intelligence (Ex: such as linguistic, mechanical, or arithmetic abilities)

Answer 25

GROUP FACTORS

Question 26

MULTIFACTOR THEORY
* Social Concrete and Abstract

Answer 26

E.L Thorndike

Question 27

*Believed that there is no single factor to point out intelligence *theorized the MANY FACTOR INTELLIGENCE THEORY”
*(6 types of operations X 5 types of contents X 6 types of products 180 elementary abilities)
*Personnel selection and placement and education of gifted and talented children is its essential component
*Operation (activities) content (material) products (result of the operations)

Answer 27

JOY PAUL GUILFORD: THEORY OF STUCTURED INTELIGENCE

Question 28

• LT. MFTI 7 PMA
  large contributor of factor analysis
  approach to measurement was termed as the LAW OF COMPARATIVE JUDGMENT
  *SEVEN PRIMARY MENTAL ABILITIES verbal comprehension
  word fluency, number, space, associative memory, perceptual speed, and general reasoning
  . THURSTONE SCALE 5-point scale

Answer 28

Louis Leon Thurstone: Multifactor Theory of Intelligence/Multidimensional theory

Question 29

Argues that these intelligences are independent of each other The nine intelligences verbal, mathematical, musical, spatial kinesthetic, naturalistic, interpersonal, intrapersonal and existential

Answer 29

HOWARD GARDNER MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES THEORY

Question 30

introduced the COMPONENTS OF “G”
*an intelligence that progresses across the life span

Answer 30

RAYMOND CATTELL: GC AND GF INTELLIGENCE

Question 31

ability to solve new problems, to see relationships as in analogies and letter and number series, use logic in new situations, and identify patterns, innate, which decreases with age, culture-free and nonverbal

Answer 31

FLUID INTELLIGENCE OR PRIMARY REASONING ABILITY

Question 32

ability to use learned knowledge and experience; learned in school acquired increases with age

Answer 32

CRYSTALLIZED OR FACTUAL INTELLIGENCE

Question 33

examines human language for descriptors of personality dimensions to define personality

Answer 33

LEXICAL APPROACH

Question 34

VULNERABLE ABILITIES: Intelligence that decline with age tend not to return to preinjury levels following brain damage MAINTAINED ABILITIES Intelligence that tend not to decline with age, may return to preinjury level following brain damage.
*

Answer 34

JOHN L. HORN: GV AND GQ MODEL

Question 35

• Derived primarily from Spearman’s model of general intelligence and Horn & Cattell’s theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence His factor analyses were largely consistent with the Hom-Cattell model except that Carroll believed that general intelligence was a meaningful construct
  *This model suggests that intelligence is best conceptualized in a hierarchy of three strata.
  STRATUM III (GENERAL INTELLIGENCE) or g
  STRATUM II (BROAD ABILITIES) 8 broad abilities
  Gc (Crystallized), Y (memory and learning); V (broad visual perception); U (auditory), R (retrieval): S (cognitive speediness) (processing/decision speed)
  *STRATUM !(Specific Level) Level or speed factor each different depending on the second stratum to which they are linked

Answer 35

JOHN CARROLL: THREE STRATUM THEORY OF COGNITIVE ABILITIES