History Flashcards
What was Nicholas II’s Fundamental laws?
Edict from Tsar in 1906
Gave Tsar authority to dissolve Duma at their own discretion, and to rule independently when the Duma was not in session.
Sole power over the Army
When was October Manifesto?
October 1905
Terms of October Manifesto?
Duma established, no law could be passed without Duma approving it.
Censorship would be loosened and more free speech encouraged.
People could gather more.
When was Bloody Sunday and what happened?
22nd January 1905, 234 deaths, 800 injured
When were Serfs emancipated?
1861
How many hectares of land were freshly tilled in the Virgin Lands Scheme? (under Khrushchev)
35.9 million hectares of land
When was the Virgin Lands Scheme?
1954
When were the purges?
Yezhovschina 1936-38
Zhdanovshchina 1946-53
Stats from the first 3 5 Year plans?
1st 1928-1932 (300% increase in electricity production, 100% increase in heavy industry)
2nd 1932-37 (100% increase in light industry, state atheism)
3rd 1938-41 (re-armament, 100% increase in heavy industry)
What happened to the Sixth 5 year plan?
It was abandoned after over ambitious targets after two years.
Stats for 4th and 5th 5 Year Plans?
4/5th 1945-55 (
When did Alexander II relax and tighten censorship again?
Relaxed in 1858
Tightened in 1867
What opposition groups were there under Alexander II?
Black Repartition
People’s choice
Land & Liberty
Young Russia - hostile to Tsar and Church
When and how did Alexander II die?
1881- Assassinated by People’s will
When were the two Russian Revolutions?
1905 & 1917
What were Land Captains, who established them and when?
1889, controlled the peasants, landowning nobility, meant to reduce the authority of Zemstvaas and peasants and acted as regional authority, under Alexander III
Examples of Russification?
Polish people were banned from speaking or learning their language in many places.
Russian Orthodoxy was promoted and Catholic monasteries were closed.
Russian Governor of Finland was assassinated in 1904, turning a loyal part of empire into an enemy for Tsar.
Who were the Black Hundreds?
Formed in 1905, Extreme nationalists who attacked groups who were seen as ‘disloyal’ and organised ‘pogroms’. The Okhrana supported this and used it as a means of submission.
What was the Tchaikovsky circle?
Founded in 1868 under Alexander II, Group of fewer of 100 people, who distributed illegal political liberal novels around Russia.
What was a positive reform of Nicholas II?
Forgivement of Redemption payments in 1905
What was inflation in Russia in 1916?
200% Inflation.
How many died in the Great Purge? (1936-1938)
1.2 Million
When was Dekulakisation? (removal of Kulaks to Siberia)
30 Jan 1930
When was the Great Famine and how many died?
1932-1933 (8.7 million died)
Who was the Minister of Education under Alexander III?
Dmitri Tolstoy
How many Russian Soldiers deserted?
1.5 million.
Who oversaw the 7th 5 Year plan and what was it?
1959-65 under Khrushchev: 100% rise in light industry, focus on consumer goods. 1000% rise in radios owned by consumers between 1959-65
What was the Scissors Crisis?
In 1923, during the NEP, there were no consumer goods to buy and so peasants didn’t sell their grain which caused economic stagnation. Lenin then made it so taxes were paid in money so that peasants would be forced to trade in their grain.
What was Alexander II’s secret police called and when were they abolished?
Third Section (inefficient) and Cossacks
Abolished in the Loris-Melikov treaty in 1881
What was Nicholas II’s secret police called?
Okhrana
What was Lenin’s secret police called?
The Cheka
