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History 1301 Flashcards

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1
Q

Greatest factor in destruction of Native Americans

A

disease

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2
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

Old and New world exchanged plants, animals, culture, diseases

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3
Q

1494 Treaty of Tordesillas

A

Spain gets everything west of the line, Portugal gets everything east (including brazil) but english, french, and dutch are ignored

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4
Q

In order to better control conquistadors, Spanish government made the _______.

A

Encomienda system (rewarded conquistadors)

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5
Q

The New World was primarily a source of ____ to Spain

A

Precious metals

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6
Q

How did the French see the Native Americans?

A

As necessary economic partners

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7
Q

What did the financial success of the French empire in North America depend on?

A

Native American hunters and trappers

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8
Q

Geographically, the French claimed and settled what area?

A

Mississippi River Valley, Gulf of Mexico (Louisiana) and some Canada

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9
Q

Whose voyages established English claims in North America?

A

Sebastian Cabot

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10
Q

What sixteenth-century European upheaval had a profound impact upon England’s settlement of the New World?

A

Protestant Reformation

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11
Q

Parents of Elizabeth I

A

Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn

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12
Q

Mission of the Spanish Armada

A

To invade England

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13
Q

1580’s, English tried to make a settlement at

A

Roanoke

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14
Q

Sponsor of Roanoke

A

Sir Walter Ralegh

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15
Q

Who developed strong arguments for England’s continued efforts at colonizing the New World, despite early failures?

A

Richard Hakluyt the Younger

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16
Q

Similarities between African and Native American cultures

A
  • Stateless societies
  • many languages
  • diverse political systems
  • several “empires” exercised loose control over large areas
  • oral histories
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17
Q

Did more Africans or Europeans come to the Americas in the 17th century?

A

Africans

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18
Q

What factors led to English migration?

A

Purer form of worship, improving social standing, escaping life in jail/poverty, land-owning

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19
Q

Did the English keep their old beliefs?

A

Yes, but they may have changed some

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20
Q

What is a joint-stock company?

A

Business enterprise that let investors pool money for commercial trading and sustaining colonies

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21
Q

Why did the English adopt joint-stock companies?

A

Major obstacle of colonization was money, and these allowed peopel to invest without risking bankruptcy

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22
Q

Who persevered in Jamestown?

A

John Smith

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23
Q

Man who taught Virginians how to grow tobacco

A

John Rolfe

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24
Q

King James I attitude toward tobacco

A

Thought it was immoral/unhealthy, but then made lots of money on it

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25
Q

Virginia’s headright system

A

Colonists who paid own transportation to America got a 50-acre lot for cheap, +1 for each servant they brought

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26
Q

Indentured Servants

A

Individuals who contracted to serve for a set # of years in exchange for transport to America

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27
Q

Who came to Chesapeake as indentured servants?

A

Single males in teens/early twenties

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28
Q

Colony with the highest death rate

A

Virginia

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29
Q

1622: Native Americans in Virginia…

A

surprise attacked and killed 347 Europeans

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30
Q

Individual who settled Maryland

A

Lord Baltimore (Sir George Calvert)

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31
Q

Maryland was intended to be…

A

A haven for England’s persecuted Catholics

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32
Q

Document in which Pilgrims established a civil government for Plymouth

A

Mayflower Compact

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33
Q

Why was Roger Williams banished?

A

His religious idea of extreme separatism created conrtroversy

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34
Q

What colony did Roger Williams establish?

A

Rhode Island

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35
Q

Anne Hutchinson’s trial defense was ruined by…

A

confessing that she knew of God through revelation (spirit could live without Moral Law) Antinomianism

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36
Q

Which colony attracted independent-minded people?

A

Rhode Island

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37
Q

What were Quakers known for?

A

Pacifism & Simplicity, Inner Light

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38
Q

Pennsylvania established as a religious sanctuary for who?

A

Quakers

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39
Q

By the end of the 17th century, what was the main staple of the Carolinas’ economy?

A

Rice

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40
Q

City on a hill

A

Massachusetts

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41
Q

What determined the character of colonies? (5)

A

Environmental conditions, supply of labor, abundance of land, demographic patterns, commercial ties with Europe

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42
Q

What caused crazy population growth in 17th century NE?

A

Survival: pure water, cool climate, dispersed population

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43
Q

Who went to church more in New England?

A

women

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44
Q

Sumptuary Laws

A

Limited wearing fine apparel to the wealthy, to curb pretensions of the poor

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45
Q

Why was population growth slowed in 17th century VA and MD?

A

no constant flow of immigrants

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46
Q

Was NE or the Chesapeake more family oriented?

A

NE

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47
Q

Where were the majority of slaves sent to?

A

Brazil or Caribbean

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48
Q

What % of the lowlands of South Carolina was black?

A

60%

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49
Q

Gullah was spoken on islands of South Carolina and Georgie until when?

A

End of the 19th century

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50
Q

Most serious colonial period slave rebellion

A

Stono Uprising

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51
Q

Navigation Acts (2)

A

(1) no ship could trade in colonies unless it was constructed in england/america and 75% english crew, and enumerated goods could only be transported to an english or other colonial port.

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52
Q

intention of Navigation Acts

A

regulate colonial commerce to make England wealthy

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53
Q

Major objective of Navigation Acts was to eliminate who?

A

The Dutch

54
Q

Enumerated goods

A

essential raw materials from colonies (like tobacco, sugar, rice) that could only be shipped to england or its colonies

55
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

Armed rebellion in VA against royal governor Sir William Berkeley

56
Q

After Bacon died of fever

A

Rebellion dispersed

57
Q

Led an armed conflict which pitted native americans against New Englanders

A

Metacomet

58
Q

Which colonies made up the Dominion of New England?

A

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Plymouth, New York, New Jersey, New Hampshire

59
Q

Peaceful ousting of James II by Parliament in 1688

A

Glorious Revolution

60
Q

After James II, Parliament offered the English monarchy to…

A

Daughter Mary and William of Orange

61
Q

How many hanged in witch hysteria?

A

19, +1 pressed to death

62
Q

Did women have a lot of legal rights in NE?

A

Nope

63
Q

What was most responsible for growth between 1700-1770?

A

Natural reproduction

64
Q

First permanent European Settlement in US

A

St. Augustine, FL

65
Q

Which Indian tribe was most successful at resisting Catholicism?

A

Indians of the SW (Pueblo)

66
Q

2 most important leaders of Great Awakening

A

Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield

67
Q

Followers of the Great Awakening

A

New Lights

68
Q

Those who opposed the Great Awakening

A

Old Lights

69
Q

What colleges were established because of the Great Awakening?

A

Princeton (College of NJ), Dartmouth, Brown, Rutgers

70
Q

Most significant consequence of 7 Years War

A

Peace of Paris of 1763

71
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Prohibited governors from granting land beyond the headwaters of rivers flowing into the Atlantic

72
Q

VA leader of the anti-Stamp Act movement

A

Patrick Henry

73
Q

Parliament’s statement of belief in its own sovereignty

A

Declaratory Act

74
Q

Why was the Tea Act of 1773 passed?

A

To save the East India Company

75
Q

England passed the coercive acts in response to

A

The Boston Tea Party

76
Q

Purpose of the continental association

A

Halt all commerce with Britain until Parliament repealed the Intolerable Acts

77
Q

Second Continental Congress’s main responsibility

A

Making the Continental Army

78
Q

What did Common Sense do for the revolution?

A

Powerful democratic manifesto: it called for independence and establishment of a republican government in america

79
Q

author of the Declaration

A

Thomas Jefferson

80
Q

American victory that brought about French alliance

A

Saratoga

81
Q

Man who allied colonies with France

A

Ben Franklin

82
Q

For the British, French intervention in US revolution meant…

A

World conflict, British had to worry about France invading England

83
Q

Treaty of Paris 1783

A

Ended American Revolution and transferred territory east of the Mississippi river (except FL) to the new republic

84
Q

Sons of Liberty

A

extra-legal groups who economically and politically pressured those who wanted to remain neutral in revolution

85
Q

What happened at the Boston Massacre?

A

Boys threw stones at soldiers, who fired out of confusion as the mob grew. 5 Americans died.

86
Q

1700 Republic was a system in which political authority is vested in who?

A

The citizens

87
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

First constitution limited the central government’s taxation and coercive powers

88
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

Formulated government plans for America’s NW territories, defined procedure for the territories admissions to the union, prohibited slavery north of the ohio river

89
Q

Most brilliant post-revolutionary American political theorist

A

James Madison

90
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

Armed farmers in western Massachusetts trying to prevent state courts from foreclosing on debtors who were unable to pay taxes

91
Q

Who came up with the Virginia Plan?

A

James Madison

92
Q

Describe William Patterson’s plan.

A

unicameral legislature in which each state possessed one vote, gave congress extensive new powers to tax and regulate trade

93
Q

3/5 rule concerned…

A

Counting slaves as people when determining representation

94
Q

Those who campaigned for ratification of the Constitution

A

federalists

95
Q

What concerns did antifederalists have?

A

The constitution possessed no specific protection of natural and civil rights

96
Q

Who wrote the Federalist Papers?

A

Madison, Hamilton, Jay

97
Q

Name some Federalists

A

Madison, Hamilton, Jay

98
Q

Name some antifederalists

A

Patrick Henry,

99
Q

Author of original Bill of Rights proposal

A

James Madison

100
Q

George Washington’s cabinet members

A

Henry Knox, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson

101
Q

What did Hamilton’s report on public credit recommend?

A

(1) US promised to fund its obligations at full face value

(2) Urged federal government to assume responsibility for paying the remaining state debts

102
Q

Why did Madison oppose Hamilton’s plan for public debt?

A

Immoral since some people had been compelled to sell their certificates at prices far below face value

103
Q

Bank of the US based on doctrine of…

A

Hamilton

104
Q

What did federalists want?

A

Strong national government

105
Q

Who told the British of Jay’s treaty negotiation intentions?

A

Hamilton

106
Q

Why did Spain agree to the Pinckney Treaty?

A

They thought the US and Britain had an alliance

107
Q

Washington’s feelings towards the Whiskey Rebellion

A

It represented a direct political change and marched with 15,000 men to put it down immediately

108
Q

What did Washington advise against?

A

Political factions and making permanent alliances with other nations

109
Q

consequences of the XYZ affair

A

Heightened war fever against France

110
Q

Intention of the naturalization law

A

Recent immigrants, especially irish, tended to vote republican, and Federalists wanted to put this down

111
Q

Why did the Sedition Act distress many Americans?`

A

Threatened free communication of ideas (undermined first amendment)

112
Q

VA and KY resolutions called for a restoration of

A

States’ Rights

113
Q

in 1800 election, who did Jefferson almost lose to?

A

Aaron Burr

114
Q

12th Amendment

A

electoral college cast separate ballots for president and vide president

115
Q

Population in 1810 was from

A

Natural reproduction

116
Q

Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa

A

Shawnee leaders who attempted to revitalize native cultures

117
Q

Jefferson’s attitude toward Native Americans

A

Either exterminate them or remove them beyond the lakes of the Illinois River

118
Q

American prosperity in early 1800s was based upon what?`

A

Agriculture and trade

119
Q

What difficulty did Jefferson have in the LA Purchase?

A

The constitution did not authorize the acquisition of vast new land

120
Q

Lewis and Clark Expedition

A

Overland expedition to the Pacific Coast (1804-1806) commissioned by Pres. Jefferson.
Brought back a wealth of scientific data about the country/resources

121
Q

Judicial Review

A

The authority of the supreme court to determine the constitutionality of federal statutes

122
Q

How did Jefferson feel about slave trade?

A

Wanted to outlaw it

123
Q

Orders in Council

A

Proclomations by the British Government that forbade neutral commerce with the continent and threatened seizure of any ship that violated these orders

124
Q

Berlin, Milan decrees

A

Napoleon closed all continental ports to British trade

125
Q

Embargo Act Impact (4)

A
  1. Compliance required a series of enforcement acts that became increasingly harsh
  2. people ignored them and smuggled
  3. sailors and artisans lost jobs
  4. federalist party had a brief revival in new england
126
Q

Macon’s Bill #2

A

(Poorly drafted) Reestablished trade with England and France and said that if either repealed restrictions upon neutral shipping, US would stop trading with the other

127
Q

War Hawks

A

Congressional leaders who called for war in 1811 and 1812 against Britain to defend the national honor and force Britain to respect America’s maritime rights (Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun)

128
Q

Who led the US to victory at Put-in-Bay?

A

Oliver Hazard Perry

129
Q

Battle of New Orleans

A

US forces defeated the British army’s attempt to seize New Orleans (even though both sides were coming to a peace agreement, but the news hadn’t reached them yet)

130
Q

Treaty of Ghent

A

Neither side surrendered territory—they just agreed to end the fighting.

131
Q

In which colony were African Americans most able to preserve their African identity?

A

South Carolina

History 1301 (2 decks)

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