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CSET I > history > Flashcards

history Flashcards

1
Q

age of pericles

A

460-429 BC
Greek
Athens and Sparta
Peloponnesian war—431-404 BC

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2
Q

alexander the great

A

from Macedonia
336-323 BC
Hellenistic age (Greek fusion with East)
conquered Persia, Asia Minor, Egypt
bureaucracy replaces polis (city state) gov.

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3
Q

Greek world contributions

A

ship building
philosophy
scientific method
democracy and law system
arch, sculpture, art, performing arts

columns, parthenon

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4
Q

Roman engineering

A

concrete
arch
roads
aqueducts cisterns
buildings (colosseum) ( bread + circus)

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5
Q

Roman literature—
Virgil —The Aeneid
Ovid— Metamorphosis

A

Aeneas flees Troy, to Rome, storm blows them to Carthage
written 29 BC
dactylic hexameter
moral —we will have opposition and must persevere—the outcome will recover more than what is lost

Metamorphosis—moral is change creation to death of Augustus Caesar.
15 books
Roman mythology / history

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6
Q

Roman Republic
dates, leaders
wars

A

509- 27 BC
Romas defeats Etruscans
patricians and plebeians, slaves
punic war 146 BC defeat Carthage
Greek culture
Julius Caesar 44BC assassinated
Augustus Caesar 27 BC 1st Emperor

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7
Q

Roman Empire
dates
rulers

A

Augustus Caesar—first emperor 27 BC
Pax Romana 200 years peace
27 BC 180 AD
Constantine
empire split/ eastern western
fall of Rome—476 AD

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8
Q

Roman Empire dates
fall, why?

A

27BC- 476 AD
GOTHS, vandals, huns sack Rome
Byzantium—1453 AD

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9
Q

african—
egalitarian society

A

all people equal/ no classes

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10
Q

fertile crescent
civilizations
rivers

A

developed beginning 9000BC
egypt (Nile) farming 6000 BC
Sumer (Tigris, Euphrates)—5000BV
Phoenicia (Mediterranean)

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11
Q

mesopotamia

A

land b/t Tigris and Euphrates
gk. land between rivers

irrigation
several classes: gov. leaders and priests. merchants, farmers.

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12
Q

when did Mesopotamia begin

A

11,000 BC just after last ice age (neolithic period)

domestication of plants (wheat barley) and animals (pigs, goats)

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13
Q

Mesopotamia periods

A

UBAID ( early)
SUMER 3000 BC—large cities
1000 BC Ur auric, Kush
cities grow as farmers learn to store grain in pottery and graineries

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14
Q

Sumer

A

first civilization
first system of writing—cuneiform
Code of Hammurabi —written in confirm when Babylonia controlled Sumer 2nd mill BC—an eye for an eye.

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15
Q

hammurabi’s code

A

king of Babylonia 1792-1750 BCE
written on stone stele
predated by code Ur-Nammu 2100 BCE
Ham—more detailed
10 CC COMES AFTER.1500-1200bce

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16
Q

Egyptian achievements
unification who, when?

A

unification upper and lower kingdom
King Menes 3000 BCE —1st pharaoh
Pyramids and obelisks 2630 BCE
Great Pyramid (Khufu 2551 BCE)
Hieroglyphics glyphs
Calendar 12 months 365 days

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17
Q

Rosetta Stone

A

led to translation of Egyptian hieroglyphics.
discovered 1799
stone with Greek, hieroglyphics, and demotic

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18
Q

Kush

A

ancient peoples living south of egypt
ruled Egypt
2000 BCE- 300 CE
ruled Egypt for 100 years (760- 656 BC)
twenty-fifth dynasty (100 year rule of egypt)

capital Memphis then moved to Moroe

remained independent 1000 years after Egypt was conquered by Persians

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19
Q

jewish diaspora

A

722 BC Assyria conquered N. kingdom
586 BC Babylonia
cyrus the great of Persia releases Jews
allows/ aids temple rebuild.
70 CE Roman’s destroy temple
force diaspora—Jews spread all over
middle ages jewish ghettos in Europe
1940s Holocaust

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20
Q

Jewish holy books

A

Tanakh
(contains Torah)
Talmud —commentary

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21
Q

israelites
dates—

A

2000BC- 600BC

1000 BC Saul unites kingdom

hittites on the north, egypt on the south

assyrians conquered north kingdom in 700BC
Babylon conquers south 500 BC

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22
Q

mishnah

A

oral torah
later it was written down.

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23
Q

maccabee warriors

A

66 AD fight Romans
70 AD loose and from-and sack Jerusalem and destroy the temple

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24
Q

Ashkenazic
Sephardic

A

Ash—jews from France Germany Eastern Europe ( Yiddish, many immigrated to US)

Sep— from Spain, Portugal, N Africa Middle East (more integrated into cultures there)

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25
Q

Islam
who, where, when?

A

Mohammad
610
Mecca

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26
Q

5 pillars of Islam

A

faith (shahada)
prayer (5x a day)
charity
fasting (Ramadan 9 month)
pilgrimage to Mecca (Kaaba —built by Abraham)(Hajj)

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27
Q

what were Muslim leaders called after the death of Muhammad in 632 AD?

A

Caliphates
Rashidun Caliphate (first Abu Bakr)
Umayyad Caliphate (not egalitarian)
Abbasid Caliphate ( golden age)
library in Baghdad
Ottoman Caliphate ( conquered
Constantinople in 1453–Istanbul)

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28
Q

muslim cities and farms

A

cities built on agricultural and trade

oranges, sugar, cotton
crop rotation
better mills
increased yields

larger cities possible

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29
Q

muslim society and structure

A

egalitarian (if muslim— if not pay tax, second-class position)

role of women improved from before Islam

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30
Q

Muslim learning

A

golden age ( abbasid caliphate)
ART: glass blowing, domes, Dome of the Rock 691 CE, 1001 Nights (the Arabian Nights), calligraphy, illuminated manuscripts, mosaics
SCIENCE AND MEDICINE: circumference of earth, The Canon of Medicine (used throughout euros and middle east)
MATH: Arabic numerals 1202 CE, algebra, decimals

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31
Q

Golden Age of Islam
dates
leader

A

750-1258 AD
Abbasid caliphate
Ottoman caliphate
ended with Mongol invasion 1258

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32
Q

China:
main rivers where early civilizations grew?

A

Huang/ye River Valley (yellow river)
Huang-ye in north
Yangtze in south

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33
Q

stone age china

A

10,000 BC
cultivated rice, millet
craves, armies, building grew civ with agriculture allowing people to stay in one place.

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34
Q

bronze age china

A

bronze is a harder metal-/ allowed advanced tools, large cities

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35
Q

ancient china beliefs

A

heavenly diety (shandi, tian, or di)

mandate of heaven— Heavens favored the most just rulers. if god things happen leader is god of bad things happen leader is bad…revolts after natural disaster.

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36
Q

earliest Chinese dynasty

A

Xia dynasty (perhaps mythical)
Yu built canals to stop flood. he became ruler—from Xia tribe

after disasters Tang of Shang kingdom defeated jie of the Xia dynasty,

new dynasty.. shang

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37
Q

Shang dynasty

A

after Xia

historical not mythical
1600 BC
ruled for 600 yrs

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38
Q

Shang dynasty

A

2nd dynasty 1600-1046 BC
Cheng Tang (founded)
WRITING SYSTEM
CALENDAR
BRONZE
BRONZE CASTING

SOCIAL SYSTEM:
king (wang)
royal family
nobilities
warriors
priest
officials
—outside city walls
craftsmen, merchants, traders

king Tang, good king lowered taxes, helped relieve famine, helped people buy back their children

king Zhou—bad king

next dynasty… Zhou

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39
Q

Zhou dynasty

A

1046-771 BC

MORE BRONZE
IRRIGATION
DEV Roads, canals
CHOPSTICKS
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

CONFUCIUS
LAOZI… TAOISM (seek peace passivity)
legalism—another philosophy…gov more important than individual.

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40
Q

Han dynasty

A

202 BC- 220 AD
SILK ROAD
conquered by Mongols (Khubla Khan)

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41
Q

silk road

A

connected Rome and China
Han dynasty
5000 miles
exchange of goods and ideas

Alexandria, Arabian Desert, Mesopotamia, Persian Empire (hated Romans), Central Asian Grasslands (steppe) (barbarians), Gobi Dessert (freezing).

or go through India (hot), Himalaya,

sail (pirates)

merchant towns (Samarkand, Bakhara, Kabul)

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42
Q

Mongols

A

eastern steppe
horses
Khan (leader)

Genghis Khan united tribes
horse, short composit bow, merit-based promotion
largest contiguous empire in world
1206-1368

Kublai Khan conquered Song dynasty
established Yuan dynasty.

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43
Q

Ming Dynasty

A

1368-1644 AD
after Yuan (Mongol) dynasty

Yuan didn’t keep up irrigation projects…so yellow river flooded, crops lost, people hungry, rebellion… Ming dynasty begins

300 years power

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44
Q

accomplishments Ming Dynasty

A

terraced farms ( stable food supply)
(still famine at end of dynasty)
Zheng He treasure ships, explore (ming
ruler stop exploration B/c everything
in China that is needed)
added to great wall of china—watch
watch towers, [Manchu still invaded]

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45
Q

Qing Dynasty

A

Manchu tribes from N conquer Ming
Qing dynasty 1644–1912
OPIUM wars 1800s a/g Britain
Qing wanted to stop trade
fought British…lost… British control
Hong Kong, Chinese pay reparations.
BOXER REBELLION—Chinese boxers
(Society of Righteous Harmonious
Fists fight to expel Europeans. they
lose. they pay reparations again)

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46
Q

Qing dynasty
how did it end?

A

fight over reform or tradition. Reform won
Boxers wanted tradition
Modernist create New Army
1911 New Army rebels emperor Puyi
thrown out.
Yuan Shikai (new army leader) 1st pres.
Republic of China formed 1912

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47
Q

Yuan Shikai

A

1912 pres new Republic of China
dictator

reformist rebelled
Mao Zedong becomes leader People’s Republic of China.

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48
Q

Mao Zedong

A

first leader People’s Republic of China

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49
Q

first civilization in India

A

Indus Valley Civilization
3000BC -1300

egalitarian
polytheistic
water wells
drainage
public baths
cities advanced for the time

followed by Vedic period

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50
Q

Vedic period

A

in India
1300 BC
PERIOD OF DECLINE
Indo- Europeans
Vedas (hymns @ religion practices)
reincarnation

Vedism… evolved to Hinduism

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51
Q

religions of India

A

Vedism (reincarnation)… Hinduism
Hinduism (valhalla -release from cycle
of life and death)
Buddhism ( Gautama Buddha , spiritual
over material)
Jainism (non-violence, vegetarian)

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52
Q

Indian Rulers

A

Mahajanapadas 16 kingdoms
Empires—Nanda
Maurya 322 BC —184 BC
Ashoka leader, promoted
Buddhism: missionaries
Sunga

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53
Q

mountains, rivers, lands, early cities
of Indian Subcontinent

A

Hindu Kush (west)
Karakoram
Himalayas

Indus
Ganges

Deccan Plateau (south)
Thar Desert (west)

Harappa
Mohenjo-Daro

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54
Q

Three Pillars of Indian Society

A

VILLAGE

CASTE SYSTEM (taken from Laws of Manu)
Brahmin (priests)
Kshatriya (kings or rulers)
Vaishya (money changers, merchants
Shudra ( servants and skilled workers)
untouchables

FAMILY
joint family

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55
Q

rajah

A

Indian king

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56
Q

Indian scientific achievements

A

finding “0”
numbers “0-9”
( arabic traders learned these in India)

vaccinations
setting bones

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57
Q

Japan geography

A

archipelago (4 large islands 100s smaller)

mountainous

sea provides fish, seafood

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58
Q

Shoen system ( Japan)

A

private estates (shoen)
nobility keep the landowners happy

Fujiwara family—powerful landowners.

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59
Q

Zen Buddhism in japan

A

1200s
Monk Eisai

Zen=cultivating balance and morality in the little things in everyday life

combines ideas from Taoism (balance)
confucianism ( ethics and morality)

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60
Q

Zen Buddhism goals

A

attain enlightenment
Nirvana (release from suffering)

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61
Q

history of samurai/ shogun

A

1100s Japan
Samurai protected lands
Bushido code
Shogun is leader
Heian period (Fujiwara clan power)

Minamoto shogun—shogunate gov
Kamakura period

samurai ended 1871

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62
Q

greece geography

A

archipelago
peninsula (top of Balkan peninsula)
mountainous interior
between Italy and Turkey
Aegean Sea
Mediterranean Sea

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63
Q

Greek Gods

A

12 Gods many demigods
Zeus -cosmos
Poseidon - ocean
Hades- afterlife
Hestia- hearth
Hera- cosmos
Ares- war
Athena- peace and wisdom
Apollo- music
Aphrodite/ beauty and desire
Hermes- messenger (mischievous)
Artemis-goddess of hunt (apollo’s twin
Hephaestus- blacksmith crafts

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64
Q

Hellenistic Greece
dates and facts

A

after Alexander the Great
when Romans rule Greece

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65
Q

Battle of Milvian Bridge

A

312 CE
Constantine the Great wins, converts Rome to Chistianity

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66
Q

Greek civilizations;

A

Minoan —- ? to 1500 BC art
Mycenae 1400 BC war like
built huge walls
Dorian Apx. 1200 BC
BRONZE AGE COLLAPSES
Dark Ages Iliad and Odyssey
first true alphabet w/ vowels
literature created
Athens and Sparta start

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67
Q

Greek City -states

A

Athens -democracy “equality before the law

Sparta- warlike
Corinth (trade center, wealth)
Delphi (shrine to Apollo)
Hellenism
polis (city-state-another name for)

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68
Q

founding of Rome

A

theories:
Romulus and Remus floated on Tiber
Aeneid came from Troy when Troy was
sacked by Greeks
Etruscan and Latin tribes from N
FOUNDED 753 BC
EMPIRE BEGINS 27 BC
PALATIN HILL Location ( one of 7 hills)
banks of Tiber R.

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69
Q

Roman Republic
facts

A

509-27 BC
Assemblies govern (plebeians part of)
Senate
2 consuls
(Brutus and people overthrow oppressive Etruscan king)

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70
Q

Magna Grecia

A

Greek colony in southern Italy

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71
Q

Constantine accepted Christianity in
year?

A

313 CE
battle of Milvian Bridge
saw cross in sky
saw words by this sign conquer.

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72
Q

cement
brick and morter
concrete

A

blend of lime and ash or pulverized stone and water

small brick held by mortar -cement ( allowed big buildings)

concrete- cement mixed with gravel
poured forms

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73
Q

Roman architecture

A

roads 53,000 miles
cement
brick and mortar (colosseum
concrete
arch
aqueduct
cicern
dome PANTHEON

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74
Q

Edict of Milan

A

legalized Christianity
132 AD

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75
Q

Council of Nicaea

A

325 AD
DEFINED THE DIVINITY OF CHRIST

Began canonization of scripture.
(Constantine)

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76
Q

Rome was conquered
by whom?
when

A

Odoacer (german war lord)
476 AD
last Roman emperor:
Romulus Augustulus

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77
Q

medieval cathedrals
style
characteristics

A

gothic architecture
tall rose windows
pointed arches
flying buttresses

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78
Q

Natural Law
who
when
what

A

St Thomas Aquinas
11th century @
God created every human with ability to know right and wrong

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79
Q

Mayan civ

A

@2000 BC—900 AD
Apex 6th century AD
Mexica, Guatemala
IRRIGATION, terraced farming, raised bed

large cities

ziggurats
ball counts
city states W/ kings
trading
Temple of Coba
calendar

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80
Q

Aztecs

A

1428-1519
built city where eagle sat on cactus on island—LAKE TEXCOCO

—TENOCHTOTLAN (drained swamp)
floating garden produced food
(called chinapas)

universal education for all children

conquered by CORTEZ 1519 AD
(small pox, war)

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81
Q

Inca civ.

A

in Peru
Caral, Chavin, Inca people’s
Inca
Cuzco Valley
1100 AD - 1572
Roads
engineering
Andes mountains
terraced farming
quipo ( rope with knots keeps records)
Nazca lines (huge geoglyphs)
Machine Picchu

conquered by Pizarro 1532 AD

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82
Q

gutenberg movable type/ press

A

@1450

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83
Q

Renaissance dates

A

14th-17th century

black plague 1347
age of exploration 1492—
Elizabethan Era 1558–1603
Protestant Reformation 1517 -(95 thesis) to 1648

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84
Q

Erasmus

A

christian humanism
Northern Renaissance (Netherlands)
value man’s relationship with christ above all.

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85
Q

Thomas More

A

Northern Renaissance
Utopia
theme: happiness and health over wealth and power.

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86
Q

Northern Renaissance artists

A

Durer (realistic rabbit—painted nature
Van Eyck

Christian Humanism
cultural diffusion of ideas
common people and nature
oil paint (color not as bright)
perspective
realism

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87
Q

scientific revolution

A

scientific method
Copernicus (heliocentric)
(also Galileo telescope and Kepler)
Francis Bacon—scientific method 1620
Isaac Newton Principia (gravity, laws of
motion
steam engine 1689

lead to Industrial Revolution

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88
Q

Aristotle
model of the world

A

384 BC, Greece

4 elements:
fire
air
water
earth

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89
Q

alchemy

A

turning elements (metals ) into gold or silver

false!

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90
Q

empirialism

A

science based on
observation
experimentation
scientific method

16th 17th cent.
era of scientific revolution

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91
Q

medicine changes scientific rev,

A

Galen (blood letting , 4 humors)
To
William Harvey ( blood not made in heart but pumped through it so blood letting is a bad idea)

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92
Q

scientist of scientific revolution

A

Paracelsus Swiss- chemist (Experimentation should be basis—burned Galen’s book. disagreed with blood letting)

Andreas Vesalius—observation human body. dissections. 1st medical textbook

Iatrochemists—chemistry, precise measurement

Robert Boyle—volume of gas varies inversely to pressure

William Harvey—blood continuously pumped through heart (not made in heart -Galen)

(later 1800s jenner -vaccination; and germ theory build on this work

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93
Q

Age of Enlightenment
Age of Reason

A

humanism. individualism, skepticism

1600-1800s
began end Renaissance as ficus shifted from art to science

began in Europe/ France

enlightenment grew out of Renaissance, protestant reformation, scientific revolution, humanism (continued)

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94
Q

Enlightenment
key people
key events

A

John Locke (limited gov)
Thomas Hobbes (people need rules to stay in line)

Montesquieu (sep of power/ checks and balances)
Newton (observation, physical laws)
Hume (human senses—discover truth)
Benjamin Franklin

social contract theory

separating power
gov. for people
democracies

american rev
french rev

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95
Q

American Enlightenment

A

B. Franklin—furthered science and publishing (Poor Man’s Almanac)

James Madison (Federalist Papers—checks and balances)

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96
Q

Deism

A

(enlightenment)
God created universe but does not interfere in it)

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97
Q

Diderot and d’Alembert

A

age of enlightenment
Encyclodedie
to document innovations and discoveries
1750s

98
Q

origins of modern capital

A

businesses should flourish without restraint
ruled by 1 restriction:
SUPPLY AND DEMAND

99
Q

Industrial Revolution
capitalism leads to :

A

capitalism leads to : guilds, factory system

100
Q

Adam Smith
1723-1790
Scottish

A

“father of Economics”
economic theory
modern capitalism
book: Wealth of Nations
free market best
laizzez-faire (hands-off)
“instead of gov. the “invisible hand” of the the market should regulate business
(supply and demand)

101
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

18th- 19th cent.
1700s- 1800s

machinery
led to modern capitalism

102
Q

modern democracy
formed:

A

Greek city states
Magna Carta (King John) rule of law
signed at Runnymede: Thames R.
1215
Glorious Revolution 1688 put William
of Orange. English Bill of Rights ‘89
John Locke father of classical liberalism
gov limited, people have rights
Declaration of Independence 1776

103
Q

Treaty of Westphalia

A

1648
ended 30 yrs war and 80 yrs war
established boundaries of countries in europe

foundation of modern treaties

104
Q

Colombian Exchange

A

exchange of goods, techniques, disease among europe, africans, native Americans

105
Q

3 types of colonization

A

conquest (spain in mexico and peru
commerce (france/ fur trade)
settlement (english N Am colonies)

106
Q

Age of Discovery
(and periods that followed)

A

soon after Gutenberg press (1450)
15th century
(sea travel)

then—
Renaissance
then—
Reformation 1500-1650
then—
scientific Revolution
then
The Enlightenment OR Age of Reason
American Enlightenment 1700-1800

107
Q

Classical Republicanism
(America)

A

reason, religious tolerance, natural rights

gov by the people
sep of church and state

George Washington—emphasized freedom, indv liberties and rights

108
Q

Liberalism and American Enlightenment

A

Lockean Liberalism
from John Locke—social contract—
rights to life liberty and happiness
and property

109
Q

stamp Act

A

1765
result: Boston Tea Party 1773

110
Q

yeoman farmer

A

everyday worker
hard working
can achieve joy

111
Q

Edmund Burke

A

Whig party
America
originator of classical republicanism
citizens rights/ natural rights

112
Q

Sons of Liberty

A

organized by Samuel Adams
1765 (after Stamp Act)
Boston (and throughout colonies)
Declaration of Rights and Grievances
(unfair taxes—no representation)

113
Q

Pontiac’s Rebellion

A

1760s
tribes rebelled a/g British rule
Great Lakes
tribes burned first kills many

114
Q

Proclamation of 1764

A

in response to Pontiac’s rebellion
limited colonists movement to east of appalachia

115
Q

Acts passed by Parliament
b/4 Am Rev

A

Proclamation 1763 (limit settlement)
Sugar Act ( no buy sugar from Caribbean
Currency Act (devalued colonist’s $$
quartering Act
Stamp Act tax on many commodities
(1765)

116
Q

Boston Massacre
(before tea party)

A

march 5, 1770
anger over:
Declaratory Act 1766 (Parliament made laws in all circumstances)
and
Townsend Acts 1767 (tax on glass lead tea)

led to passing of INTOLERABLE Acts

117
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

dec 16 1773
result of Tea Act (this was not a tax
but a control of availability)
Intolerable Acts followed

118
Q

Intolerable acts

A

after Boston tea party
1774
—Boston sport Bill (controlled the harbor)
—Massachusetts Gov Act (have british more political power in boston)
—Administration of Justice Act (increased power of the royal governor, loss of right to fair trial)
Quartering Act (1774)
Quebec Act (gave rights and lands to French)

119
Q

First Continental Congress

A

Philadelphia 1774
agreed on boycott of british goods
agreed to aid Boston if attacked
discussed representation in parliament

120
Q

Battles of Lexington and Concord

A

April 1775
first battle
“shoot heard around the world”
protecting arms stash
Paul Revere ( Dawes, Prescott)

121
Q

Bunker Hill

A

fought 6 months after Lexington and Concord)
(Gage—British governor)
(Gen. William Howe—British)
British won but large casualties.

122
Q

Fort Ticonderoga Battle

A

Lake Champlain (NY)
Green Mountain Boys and Ethan Allen
attack fort to get weapons
1775

first true American victory

123
Q

American Revolution
dates

A

April 19 1775– September 3, 1783

124
Q

Second Continental Congress

A

1775–1781
Olive Branch Petition (rejected by king )
war acts and organization
Declaration of Independence
appointed George Washington commander of Continental Army

first CC 1774: boycott british goods unless Intolerable Acts rescinded.

125
Q

Declaration of Independence
date:
parts:

A

written largely by T. Jefferson
July 4, 1776
27 grievances a/g the crown
parts:
preamble
indictment (27 grievances)
denunciation (British foreign to America)
conclusion (independent country)
( right to levy war, commerce, Alliances)

126
Q

Thomas Paine
wrote:

A

pamphlet: Common Sense 1776, Jan.
advocated independence

127
Q

Battle of Trenton

A

1776, december 26
patriots win
motivation for soldiers
army goes on to win at Priceton

128
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

“turning point”
1777
continental army victory
General Gates , Benedict (continental army)
Burgoyne (british)

outcome: victory and foreign support

129
Q

Battle of Yorktown
Or Siege if Yorktown

A

Washington traps Cornwallis—Yorktown ,VA
1781
British surrender
american victory

treaty of Paris

130
Q

Treaty of Paris

A

September 3, 1783
end s American Revolution

131
Q

women’s sufferage in america

A

1920

132
Q

slavery after American Revolution

A

1784—Rhode Island first free state. emancipation spreads in the north.

133
Q

popular sovereignty

A

people have the highest power
(not a ruler)
idea during and after American Revolution

134
Q

Articles of Confederation
dates
problems

A

first constitution for USA
ratified by congress 1777
ratified by states 1781
used 1781-1789

no power to tax
laws had to be approved by 9/13 states
states were asked to send troops but they didn’t have to.

135
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

allowed and defined path to statehood
used by Minn Wis Ill. Ind ohio Mich

all states between the Miss R and the Ohio R

provisions: free religion, trial by jury, no slavery in new states
Native American population to be left alone. no taking their lands or harassing

136
Q

Shays Rebellion

A

Daniel Shays
Massachusetts
1786
farmer went to state courthouse to protest foreclosure of their homes.

it worked

it also showed the central gov was weak

137
Q

Great Compromise

A

virginia plan— Bicameral gov.both houses proportional representation
NJ plan—unicameral—equal rep

Rodger Sherman, Conn. =compromise
2 houses,

138
Q

Federalist Papers

A

Hamilton, Madison, John Jay
85 essays

139
Q

3/5 compromise

A

an enslaved person counted as 3/5 of a person.

founders ban importing slaves by 1808

140
Q

Constitution ratified
date

A

june 21 1788
had to be ratified by 9 states
(delaware was first)

eventually all 13
Rhode Island was last in 1790

141
Q

who presided over Constitutional Convention

A

George Washington

142
Q

constitution parts

A

preamble “we the people”
7 Articles
The Amendments

143
Q

Preamble
quote it

A

we the people of the united states, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish the constitution for the united states of america

144
Q

Articles of constitution

A
  1. legislative (power to declare wars)
  2. executive (president and cabinet)
  3. judiciary (federal judges and supreme court —traditionally 9 judges)
  4. states: respect other states, how states admitted, federal gov. to protect states)
  5. amendment process ( convention of states or supermajority (2/3) of congress plus ratified by 3/4 states)
  6. topics: debt, treaties, no religious tests allowed, supremacy clause
  7. 9 of 13 colonies needed to ratify.
145
Q

Amendments
Bill of rights

A

first 10 amendments:
1. freedom of speech, press, religion, peaceable assembly
2. own guns
3. no quartering
4. no unwarranted searches/ seizures
5. warrant for felonies And right against self-incrimination, double jeopardy
6. speedy trial
7. trial by jury
8. no excessive bail/ cruel punishment
9. no right take away other rights. rights not listed may exist
10. powers not given to fed. are retained by states.

146
Q

Amendments
other important ones

A
  1. abolished slavery 1865
    karlee says the Netherlands
  2. born in US=citizen. “equal protection under the law” 1868
  3. right to vote for all citizens 1868
    not enforced until 1960
  4. women’s vote 1920
  5. term limit for pres
  6. vote age 18 1971
147
Q

qualifications to be president

A

natural born citizen
35 yes
reside in us for more than 14 yrs

148
Q

supremacy clause

A

article 6 section 2
if state law conflicts with federal law—the federal law is supreme.

149
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

1803
doubled size of US

150
Q

chinese exclusion act

A

1882

151
Q

Indian Removal Act of 1830

A

forced removal of native americans to reservations

152
Q

Second Great Awakening

A

US religious growth 1800s
protestant churches

153
Q

American Civil War

A

1861-1865
4 years

154
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

Civil Rights Act

A

1863
(abolition of slavery 1865)
1964

155
Q

War of 1812

A

1812-1815
Britain invaded US
Native Americans join with British
US wins

156
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

1823
James Monroe
US guardian of all land of the Americas
discouraged imperialism

157
Q

1800s
Industrialization
inventions

A

sewing machine
telegraph
cotton gin
steam engine

158
Q

Mexican American War
1946

A

Pres Polk was US pres.
began b/c US claimed Texas ind from Mexico. it was a border dispute.

Zachary Taylor US general (became president later)
5000 troops
Scoot and troops capture Mexico City

war over

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Rio Grande —border , US paid 15,000,000 for Mexico to cedeland that became: utah arizona colorado
new mexico nevada washington oregon
(7 states)

159
Q

Antebellum Era

A

South—1815- end of Civil War

160
Q

Eli Whitney
invention?

A

cotton gin
1793

161
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

1820
brokered by politician Henry Clay

Missouri enters union as slave state
Maine enters as free
a line stretching west from missouri southern border divers the rest of the country into N free, S slave.

162
Q

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

A

by Harriet Beecher Stowe
created awareness and sympathy for enhanced peoples.
@1850

163
Q

Abraham Lincoln

A

elected 1860 #16
Emancipation Proclamation 1863
freed slave in states that succeeded from union.
Justice Taney said proclamation wasn’t constitutional;
Lincoln said it was B/c it preserved union.

164
Q

Dred Scott v Sanford

A

Supreme court decision: blacks (free or enslaved) were not citizens and had no rights
1857

165
Q

Civil war first shots

A

Fort Sumter, SC
Jan 9, 1861

then battle april 12-april 14 1861

166
Q

Battle of Bullrun

A

July 1861
(also called battle of Manassas)
Confederate victory
this is where stonewall Jackson gets his nickname s as he stood with troops in a walk to defend.

167
Q

Anaconda Plan

A

civil war
plan to strangle confederacy
blockade the Eastern seaboard
seize the Mississippi

168
Q

battle of Antietam

A

civil war
1862
bloodies day in war
Lee’s forces stopped from N.
Union victory
influenced British and French not to
recognize the Confederacy

169
Q

battle of Hampton Road

A

civil war
1862
between Chesapeake Bay and James R.
2 iron clad ships Monitor
Merrimack
confederacy wasn’t able to break through the Atlantic blockade

170
Q

2nd Battle of Bullrun

A

22,000 casualties
1862, August
Virginia
Lee and Jackson vs McClellan and Pope
Confederate victory
(2nd Manasseses)
followed by Lee’s campaign of MD

171
Q

Sitting Bull
Battles

A

Red Cloud’s War
Little Big Horn (Custer’s Last Stand)
1876

also joined Annie Oakley and Buffalo Bill in Buffalo Bill Cody’s Wild West Show
birth name jumping badger
then Sitting Bull
also Supreme Chief of Sioux Nation

172
Q

Richmond Bread Riots

A

civil war
1863
after harsh winter food was scarce

women went to talk to Richmond Governor. when he refused riots broke out

173
Q

Clara Barton

A

bought supplies and nursed wounded
civil war

Her Action led to the American Red Cross 1881

174
Q

Consequences of Civil War

A

750,000 deaths
3.3 billion $$
destruction
economy collapse

share croppers replace slave labor

North:
ag. moves west
immigration—bring people for factories
growth in iron and steel
more railroads

175
Q

Copperheads or Peace Democrats

A

oppose war in the north
(civil war)

176
Q

3 key battles of 1863
civil war

A

battle of Chancellorsville
Hooker vs Lee
Confederate win
but Stonewall z jackson wounded..dies

Gettysburg (accident)
Lee gathers whole Confederate army
pickets charge ( kills charging conf.)
57,000 dead wounded or missing
3 days fight
decisive turn in war

Vicksburg, MS—1863
Union wind
Siege of cities
Grant captures Vicksburg to control Mississippi R.

177
Q

Last battles of Civil war

A

Grant
war of attrition
the Wilderness ( the butcher -lives lost)
Cold Harbor ( confederate won)
Petersburg (broke trenches with huge rail mounted mortar)

Sherman
takes Atlanta, Georgia and then Shenandoah Valley
March to Sea (Atlanta to Savannah) 37 days.
General Order 120–union army forage
(steal) from civilians for food. “bummers” appointed to raid.

they meet and take Richmond

178
Q

General Sherman
General Order 120

A

army rather than supplying itself, forages off farms taking food and animals from civilians
bummers forage
take horses from wealthy
not allowed to enter homes

led to “Total War” strategies of 20th century.

179
Q

Richmond
Appomattox Courthouse
Ford Theatre Assassination

A

April 12 1865
destructive evacuation fires and explosion.
union occupied Richmond with African American regiment.

Appomattox Courthouse Surrender
April 9, 1865

April 14, 1865 Assassination of Lincoln

180
Q

Andrew Johnson

A

running mate to Lincoln 1864
becomes President when Lincoln Assassinated in 1865

opposed by radical republicans
impeached after he fired Stanton (secretary of war)

181
Q

Amendments
Acts
after Civil War

A

13th amendment abolished slavery
14th all US citizens right to life liberty and property (equality before the law)

military reconstruction act
harsh rules on south
tenure of office act ( president can’t remove an official previously approved by congress… Johnson removed Stanton… Johnson impeached 1868… acquitted by senate.

182
Q

Ulysses s Grant

A

General of Union Army
18th president
believed in equal rights
legislated a/g hate groups (kkk)

Amnesty Act restored confederate leaders right to vote/ hold office

15th amendment—all men vote

183
Q

Alonzo Herndon

A

Freed after CW
Atlanta
becomes barber
Atlanta life ins co
YMCA
funds black churches and education

184
Q

Booker T Washington

A

after freed
worked in salt mines in VA
mother gave him a book to learn read
becomes teacher
taught black people to pursue skills
model: “industry, thrift, intelligence, property”
Tuskegee University

185
Q

Johnathon Gibbs

A

from Philadelphia
black post CW
well educated
growth of black churches in south
public school system
FL
1868 Florida secretary of education

186
Q

Hiram Revels

A

Mississippi Senate 1869
first black man in US senate 1870
Episcopal minister
University Pres (Alcorn)

187
Q

discriminatory laws:

A

passed by “redeemers” wishing to return south to pre CW

black codes
Jim Crow laws

Plessy vs Ferguson (black rode on white only railway car)
1896
state segregation laws ruled constitutional…
Separate but Equal doctrine

188
Q

2 supreme court cases on segregation

A

Plessy vs Ferguson 1892
(railway car) separate but equal ok

Brown vs Board of Education 1954
separate but equal not okay!

189
Q

Homestead Act of 1862

A

build home
live for 5 years
goal: expand nation from E to W

190
Q

Transcontinental RR

A

finished 1869
Promontory Summit UT

ended cowboy life
many corporations bought land
travel 6 days rather than months

191
Q

railroad inventors

A

George Westinghouse—air brakes
single track width
spark arresters
Pullman cars —comfortable travel

192
Q

Indian Wars

A

@ 1850s-1900
Battle of Little Bighorn
Black hills War (gold discovered in hills
Battle of Wooded Knee
massacre at Sandy Creek
Nez Perce Chief Joseph “ I will fight no more forever”

…

193
Q

Gilded Age

A

1870-1900
rich get richer
disenfranchised suffer
native am. assimilation “kill the Indian
save the man.”

194
Q

Dawes Act

A

divided tribal lands into plots
end of tribal structure

195
Q

Indian Civilization Act

A

1813
Indian Boarding School Policy

196
Q

Enforcement Acts

A

1870-1871
tried to protect equal protection under the law.
enforce 13, 14, 15 amendments.

supreme court ruled federal gov could only act against states not individuals in
US vs Cruikshank

197
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1875

A

no discrimination in public spaces based on race

ruled unconstitutional—federal gov. count enact non-discrimination laws on privately owned businesses

198
Q

Second Industrial Revolution

A

1870s—1915
craft production—to-mass production
wages, GDP rise fast!
inflation

Bessemer Process! (steel production)

Scientific management ( work efficiency paid by production not time)

199
Q

Bessemer Process

A

way to process steel cheaply
led to mechanization of industry.
unskilled labor

200
Q

attempts by corporations to control an industry

A

pools
horizontal integration
vertical integration
trusts

201
Q

Robber Barons

A

Late 1800s
amazed huge wealth

Andrew Carnegie—railroads 1853-1865
Keystone Bridge Co. replaced wooded bridges w/ iron
Steel. Vertical integration

  “Gospel of Wealth” share excesss
   donations: Carnegie Hall, organs for churches, libraries, hero’s fund,

J.p. morgan GE, US Steel

John D Rockefeller Standard Oil

Vanderbilt—steam ships, gold rush, built Grand central Station

Henry Ford—auto Model T. assembly line… higher wages 40 hr. work week,
profit sharing

202
Q

Reform Darwinism

A

belief that the strongest businesses survive
(belief held by a Carnegie and other Robber Barons)

203
Q

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

A

fire 1911
killed
8,9,10th floors
locked doors, broken elevator

—led to reforms
outward swinging doors
unlocked during business hours

204
Q

Guilded age inventors

A

Alexander Graham Bell
Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison
George Westinghouse

205
Q

Pendleton Civil Service Act

A

@1880
said federal job filled based on merit
determined by exam,
And can’t be fitted for political views.

206
Q

political machine

A

focus on keeping an elite group in power (rather than having a platform of issues)

207
Q

Pres. James Harfield
and pres. William McKinley
we’re both…?

A

assassinated

208
Q

Knights of Labor

A

first real labor union 1880s

209
Q

urban planning

A

1900s
as cities such as NYC had problems
MUCKRAKERS raise awareness
Jacob Roos Muckrakers
laws made for safety and sewer etc.

210
Q

Social Gospel

A

theory of using gospel to solve social ills:
golden rule
settlement houses
YMCA
Salvation army

211
Q

The Oregon Treaty

A

1846
Britain and US agree to split at 49th parallel.
Vancouver Island—british
Washington, oregon, ID

212
Q

Mexican Cession

A

lands bought by US in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
1848
(new border the Rio Grande)

213
Q

Spanish explorers

A

Cortez
1519–conquered Aztecs (Tenochtitlan)
1533– Baja California

214
Q

spanish missions

A

21 missions from Baja to San Francisco
1697– 1821

also pueblo (cities established)
(San Francisco, LA, Santa Cruz)

Ranches- land grants owned by nobles. worked by natives

215
Q

CA Gold Rush

A

discovered: SUTTERS MILL by James Marshall

1848–1864

American River

1849 —49ers
300,000 to 1,000,000 people come

huge population growth

CA BECOMES STATE 1850

216
Q

Dust Bowl

A

1930-1940
dust storms in Oklahoma, NM, KS, TX, CO

resulted in migration to CA
people called Okies

217
Q

Federal response/ programs
Dust Bowl

A

soil conservation act (plant less)
drought relief service (buy cattle)
federal surplus commodities corporation ( gave beans apples cotton to help hunger)

218
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A

banned chinese immigration from
1882- 1943

219
Q

Immigrant groups to CA

A

Chinese (chinese exclusion act)
Japanese (gentleman’s agreement… japanese internment after Pearl Harbor)
Italians (grew grapes..wine)
Mexicans (proposition 187– no undocumented immigrants can receive state services) ( Bracero Program WW2 allowed farm workers to legally come to US)

220
Q

CA GDP

A

2.6 trillion

221
Q

the first city

A

Uruk
mesopotamia
b/t Tigress and Euphrates R.
4000 BC

222
Q

kinship
3 types:

A

lineal
collateral (siblings, cousins)
affinal ( marriage)

223
Q

cultural geography

A

interaction between environment and human traditions

224
Q

environmental determinism
environmental possibility

A

ED environment determines culture—considered racist

EP environment places limitations, but is not the only factor

225
Q

cultural ecology

A

use of culture to ADAPT to environment. (how do cultures react to limitations out on them by environment?)

226
Q

ecology

A

how living things interact with environment.

227
Q

cartography
earliest known

A

map making
babylon-
2300 bc
clay tablets

228
Q

Mercator Projection

A

1569
gerardus Mercator (Flemish)
invents accurate map making
(areas far from equator look stretched)

229
Q

navigation tools

A

maps
GPS
GIS (global info system) used by researchers
Theodolite (survey tool) civil engineering
Remote sensing—aerial sensors detect and image large areas (fire fighters, planners etc)

230
Q

Mappa Mundi

A

13th cent map
Jerusalem and catholic church center

231
Q

North America

A

NW hemisphere
from arctic circle
to
Isthmus of Panama

232
Q

Africa

A

North africa
Sahara ) largest desert in world
sub-saharan africa

233
Q

Eurasia

A

Europe (north of Mediterranean)
Eastern Europe (Balkan Mt. Black Sea
West Asia (middle East)
Asia
India (sub-continent)
Central Asia
East Asia (along Pacific)

234
Q

South America

A

Amazon
Andes mountains (longest in world)
Atacama Desert (west of Andes) driest non polar desert in world

235
Q

Australia
Arctica

A
236
Q

Demography

A

study of population size, density, distribution
—birth rates, death rates, age distribution

237
Q

demographic transition

A

why changes in population

conflict
ecological factors
economic factors

238
Q

stages of demographic transition

A

pre-industrial
transitional
industrial
post-industrial

239
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

1823
President James Monroe
warned European powers not to interfere with affaires in western hemisphere

240
Q

Thomas Aquinus

A

Italy
1225
christian theologian
divinity/ nature of universe
there is good and evil AND
HUMANITY can distinguish the 2

CSET I (2 decks)

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