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S1 Finals > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

1
Q

The principle that the authority of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political power.

A

Popular Sovereignty

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2
Q

fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen’s entitlement.

A

Due process

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3
Q

During the 1500s-1600s when many scientific discoveries changed our views on the universe, chemistry, biology, physics, etc

A

Scientific revolution

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4
Q

A period from 1685-1815 when “Thinkers” and philosophers used science and research to try to solve society’s economic, social, and political issues.

A

The “Enlightenment”

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5
Q

“The view that a person’s moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form a society in which they live in”

A

The social contract theory (Thomas Hobbes)

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6
Q

The rights given to all humans, simply for the sake of being human

A

Natural Rights

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7
Q

The intellectuals of the 18th-Century Enlightenment

A

Philosophes (France)

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8
Q

A book or set of books giving information on many aspects of one subject and typically arranged alphabetically

A

Encyclopedia

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9
Q

A political doctrine in defense of monarchal absolutism, which asserted that kings derived their authority from god and could not, therefore, be held accountable for their actions by any earthly authority such as parliament

A

Divine right theory

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10
Q

The system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives

A

Democracy

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11
Q

Diverse social movement, largely based in the United States, that in the 1960s and ’70s sought equal rights & opportunities & greater personal freedom for women

A

Women’s rights movement

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12
Q

Belief in benefits of profitable trading; commercialism

A

Mercantilism (w/tariffs)

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13
Q

A policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.

A

Laissez faire

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14
Q

International trade left to its natural course

A

Free-trade (No tariffs)

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15
Q

Monarchies

A

A king/queen inherits their power.

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16
Q

Absolute monarchy

A

A king/queen has unlimited power, often using “divine right”

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17
Q

A king/queen shares power with a wealthy class of nobels/land owners

A

Aristocracy

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18
Q

A king/queen shares power w/nobels and the people through elected representatives

A

Constitutional monarchy

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19
Q

A powerful leader gains/keeps power through force

A

Dictatorship

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20
Q

The people have the power to elect representatives and maybe even their leader

A

Democracy

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21
Q

In 1215, English nobles wrote the manga carta (great charter) to try to limit kings power. This lead to the…

A

Enlightenment.

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22
Q

Social system existing in medieval Europe in which ppl worked & fought for nobels who gave them protection and land in return

A

Feudalism

23
Q

Secularism

A

Separation of religion from civic affairs and the state

24
Q

What did English nobles do in 1215 lead to the enlightenment?

A

English nobles pushed for a Model Paviliament to further limit the king’s power

25
Q

A rebirth of interest in ancient greek and roman ideas about govt, science art, etc

A

The renaissance

26
Q

What did Johannes Gutenburg invent that helped to lead to the enlightenment?

A

Printing press

27
Q

What did Thomas Hobbes (England) write?

A

Leviathan (1651)

28
Q

Who came up with the social contract theory?

A

Thomas Hobbes

29
Q

What was the social contract theory?

A

People would voluntarily give up some freedom for safety/freedom.

30
Q

Who came up with natural rights?

A

John Locke

31
Q

What did John Locke write?

A

Two Treatises of Govt (1690)

32
Q

Right to life, liberty and property

A

Natural rights

33
Q

What did Baron de Montesquie write?

A

The spirit of the laws

34
Q

What did Jean-Jaqus Rousseau write?

A

Discourse on equality

35
Q

the idea of society’s interests are above individual rights, man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.

A

The general will

36
Q

What did Denis Diderot write?

A

Encyclopedie

37
Q

What did Voltair write?

A

Candide

38
Q

What did Adam Smith write?

A

The wealth of the Nations (1775)

39
Q

What did Adam Smith want?

A

No more mercantilism… free trade is better.

40
Q

What did Mary Wollstonecraft write?

A

Thoughts on education of daughters & A vindication of the rights of women

41
Q

Who wanted equal education for girls?

A

Mary Wollstonecraft

42
Q

Parlament replaces a king that ignores English bill of rights

A

Glorious Revolution

43
Q

Created the first presidential republic

A

American Revolution

44
Q

A violent power struggle within a society, fueled by extreme socioeconomic inequality

A

Classic revolution

45
Q

What does BREAD stand for?

A

Bread Prices
Regressive Taxes
Enlightenment Ideas
Ancien Regime
Deficit Spending

46
Q

1789 in Paris by poor urban workers sparked the revolution

A

The storming of the Bastile

47
Q

Marquiz de Lafayette writes

A

The Declaration of the rights of Man

48
Q

What does GEARS stand for?

A

Geographical luck 2.0
Economic conditions
Agriculture rev. 2.0
Resources from overseas colonies
Scientific Advancements

49
Q

IR nations used their new technology to “claim” 84% of the worlds territory

A

New Imperialism

50
Q

China __ trade with west

A

Resisted

51
Q

Brits found trading __ = $$

A

Opium

52
Q

what caused the french revolution?

A

B.R.E.A.D.

53
Q

clergy, nobility and commoners

A

The three estates

54
Q

What were the 3 estates?

A

clergy, nobility and commoners

S1 Finals (3 decks)

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