history 122 exam 1 Flashcards
what was one of the longest lasting empires in world history
the ottoman empire
how long did the ottoman empire last
it lasted until world war 1
where was the ottoman empire
it was partially in europe, asia, and africa
what language did the ottomans speak
they spoke turkish
what was the ottoman’s ethnicity
turkish
what is the ottomans relgiion
islam
what kind of muslim are the ottomans
sunni muslim
who is osman I
the leader of a turkish tribe
what does osman I call himself
he calls himself the sultan
what does the sultan mean
it means king
what does osman I want to do
he wants to build up his empire and conquer his neighbors. he wants constantinople.
explain the silk road
it was a world wide trade route that connected europe with asia
where does all the roads of the silk road go
it goes into constantinople. once everything reaches constantinople, it gets very expensive
what are the three major trade routes
the silk road, monsoon trade, and the trans-sahran routes
why did the ottomans want to conquer constantinople
to control the european silk road
what can you control in constantinople from the silk road
you can control the taxes on the silk road and you can control traffic from the black sea to the mediterranean
why was constantinople hard to conquer
its location and byzantine defenses
how did the byzantines control what went into the golden horn
they had a chain they could let down at any moment to control who goes into the golden horn
what did the chrisitians think of constantinople
they thought that constantinople was the last hope for christianity before the muslims took over
why didnt the other christiain nations help constantinople
they thought that constantinople was a lost cause and they didnt want to make the ottomans mad. they were trying to protect themselves
who conquered constantinople
mehemed II
how did mehmed II conquer constfantinople
he attacked with a 20ft long cannon in 1453
why did mehmed II want to keep constantinople intact
because he wanted constantinople to be the ottoman captial
what adversities did the ottoman empire have
there were a wide range of languages and ethnicites in the ottoman empire
what was the Hagia Sophia
it was a church that mehmed turned into a mosque
how did sulyman the magnificant deal with the adversity of different religions and ethnicities in the ottoman empire
he did not force anyone to convert to a religion. however, anyone who was not Muslim was taxed extra. they had a lot of self governance.
how did inheritance work in the ottoman empire
the title of sultan was passed down from father to son. the father would pick the most capable son as sultan. to prevent any civil war the son who became sultan would kill all of his other brothers
what was the transatlantic slave trade
the forcible movement of africans out of africa to the new world by europeans
what started the slave trade
all of the native americans were dying so they decided to go to africa for new workers
what crop influenced the slave trade
sugar cane. as it got more popular, they needed more labor for it. sugar cane is labor intensive
how did europeans justify slavery
they changed the definition of race to fit their right for slaves
how did the europeans change the defintion of race
they said that africans were suited for hard labor, native americans were too weak for hard labor, and europeans were intellectually more developed
how did the europeans realize they could get more slaves from africa
there were already wars going on in africa, so the europeans would purposefully start wars to get more slaves
what is the triangular trade
it is a purposeful system of trade developed by europeans for their own profit. the took slaves from africa, take them to the new world, and then take cotton and sugar back to europe
how long did the slave trade last
it lasted for almost 400 years
how did the did colombus discovering the americas change the course of world history
movement of people all over the world, population changes, everything changes dramaticallyy
what cause the population to go down in latin america after 1500
small pox and genocide
why did european population go down from 1900 to today
the industrial revolution and a lot of people traveled to the americas
why did africas population go down at 1700 and 1800
slave trade and europeans
what countries were in the old world
europe, asia, africa
what was the new world
the americas
what does absolutism mean
claim to have absolute power
what was the age of asolutism
the king in france had absolute power from god. no one could not take the kings power away, no one couldnt rebel, and he could not share is power because it came from god
who is Louis XIV (14)
he is an effective king of france. he is an absolute ruler
what does louis XIV call himself
he calls himself the sun king
what does divine right mean
power from god
what is versailles
it was king louis XIV palace.
where is versalille
it is outside the capital of paris
what was originally versailles
it was his fathers hunting lodge
who lived in versailles with king louis XIV
the nobles. he wanted to keep an eye on them even though the nobles did not like him. he reduced the nobles to being servants.
what was the best position to have in versailles
to help the king get dressed
what is constutiionalism
there is a law above the king. a set of laws that governs the government
what is the parliament of england
the parliament is the law making body in the english government. they started as a group of nobles to advise the king, but they assert more power and authority
who is charles I
the king of england that believes he has divine right now. he believes he should be an absolutist king like king louis XIV
why cant charles I have absolute power
he cant have absolute power because of parliament
who was in the english civil war in the 1640s
the parliament and the king
why was there an english civil war
to see who will contorl the power of religion, war, and taxes. they will fight for most of the 1640s
who wins the english civil war
parliament
what happens to charles I after parliament wins the english civil war
the parliament army arrests king charles with treason
what does treason mean
going against your own nation
who killed charles I
the parliament beheaded charles I
who has the power to elect the king in england
the parliament
who are william and mary
mary is the daughter of james II. they are protestant before they became king and queen, they had to sign the bill of rights
what are the english bill of rights
limits even further the power of king and queen. the kings are not allowed to interfere with a debate in parliament. basically limitations to the king
who is john locke
he is a philosopher and early thinker during the enlightenment
what was the enlightenment
the idea that developed in the 18th century in europe that humans have the ability to use reason and rational thought. with that ability, we can improve man kind
what did the enlightenment critique
it critiqued things like government, religion, and universities to make things better
what does john locke write
he writes that all men are born with tabula rasa
what is tabula rasa
-we are all born with a blank slate
-we ar eborn without the preconcieved ideas of reliigion
-anything that we beleive or dont believe in is put on to us after we are born
who says that people are born with lumen naturale (natrual light)
john locke
what are the natural rights people are born with according to john locke
life, liberty, property
why do people form govenrment according to john locke
to protect their natural rights
explain the geography of japan
it is not connected. the islands are easier to defend against armies. the mongols tried to conquer japan but they couldnt because of the water
explain japan’s culture
japan was able to form their culture with a little less influence from other countries because they were isolated
who is japan most connected to and why
japan is most connected to china and korea because of trade routes
japan is culturally and ehtnicically _______
homogenous
what does culturally and ethinically homogenous mean
it means they are all the same. they are one ethnically, one language, and one culture
what is the sengoku period
it was the warring states period in japan
how long was japan not unified for
130 years
who ruled japan during the sengoku period
the daimyo. the emperor lost control over his country, the daimyo wanted the country to be unified but they each had different plans
who were the daimyo
they were the warlords and cheifs that had their own territories
why doesnt the emperor of japan have no real power during the sengoku period
because no one is listening to him
what were the samurais
they were trained in martial arts and they are loyal to their daimyo
what strict code do the sammurais follow
the bushido
what is the bushido
you are loyal to your daimyo, your lord. if you arent loyal to your daimyo you must comment
who were the three unifiers of japan
oda nobunaga, toyotami hideyoshi, tokugawa leyasu
oda nobunaga
if you do not follow, ill kill you
toytami hideyoshi
if you do not follow, ill teach you
tokugaway leyasu
if you do not follow, he will wait for you
who takes the name of shogun
tokugawa leyasu
what does shogun mean
the highest military official in japan
what does the shogun do
he shapes policy and he shapes the military
what does shogenate mean
the rule of one family as shogun
what is isolationsism
japan forbade contact from the outsidd world. they wanted japan to be homogenous. they expeled foreigners and they didnt let people leave japan
who traded with japan during the isolationsim era
the dutch. the dutch had trade for strictly business. other countries would try to convert
who made japan stop isolationsism
USA USA. they sent over a navy
who is jean jacques rousseau
he is a philosopher from france. he came up with the idea of a social contract
what is a social contract
he says the people enter a social contract with their governement. the people agree to pay taxes and go to war and the government agreees to protect them. if the governernment does not uphold their part of the contract, then the people have a right to rebel
who is montesquieu
he is from france. he wrote about what the ideal form of governernment should be
what does montesquieu say about the govenrment
he says ideally a government would have multiple branches. three branches would have checks and balances on each other
