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bio 110 > history 122 exam 1 > Flashcards

history 122 exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what was one of the longest lasting empires in world history

A

the ottoman empire

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2
Q

how long did the ottoman empire last

A

it lasted until world war 1

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3
Q

where was the ottoman empire

A

it was partially in europe, asia, and africa

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4
Q

what language did the ottomans speak

A

they spoke turkish

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5
Q

what was the ottoman’s ethnicity

A

turkish

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6
Q

what is the ottomans relgiion

A

islam

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7
Q

what kind of muslim are the ottomans

A

sunni muslim

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8
Q

who is osman I

A

the leader of a turkish tribe

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9
Q

what does osman I call himself

A

he calls himself the sultan

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10
Q

what does the sultan mean

A

it means king

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11
Q

what does osman I want to do

A

he wants to build up his empire and conquer his neighbors. he wants constantinople.

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12
Q

explain the silk road

A

it was a world wide trade route that connected europe with asia

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13
Q

where does all the roads of the silk road go

A

it goes into constantinople. once everything reaches constantinople, it gets very expensive

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14
Q

what are the three major trade routes

A

the silk road, monsoon trade, and the trans-sahran routes

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15
Q

why did the ottomans want to conquer constantinople

A

to control the european silk road

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16
Q

what can you control in constantinople from the silk road

A

you can control the taxes on the silk road and you can control traffic from the black sea to the mediterranean

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17
Q

why was constantinople hard to conquer

A

its location and byzantine defenses

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18
Q

how did the byzantines control what went into the golden horn

A

they had a chain they could let down at any moment to control who goes into the golden horn

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19
Q

what did the chrisitians think of constantinople

A

they thought that constantinople was the last hope for christianity before the muslims took over

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20
Q

why didnt the other christiain nations help constantinople

A

they thought that constantinople was a lost cause and they didnt want to make the ottomans mad. they were trying to protect themselves

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21
Q

who conquered constantinople

A

mehemed II

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22
Q

how did mehmed II conquer constfantinople

A

he attacked with a 20ft long cannon in 1453

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23
Q

why did mehmed II want to keep constantinople intact

A

because he wanted constantinople to be the ottoman captial

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24
Q

what adversities did the ottoman empire have

A

there were a wide range of languages and ethnicites in the ottoman empire

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25
Q

what was the Hagia Sophia

A

it was a church that mehmed turned into a mosque

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26
Q

how did sulyman the magnificant deal with the adversity of different religions and ethnicities in the ottoman empire

A

he did not force anyone to convert to a religion. however, anyone who was not Muslim was taxed extra. they had a lot of self governance.

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27
Q

how did inheritance work in the ottoman empire

A

the title of sultan was passed down from father to son. the father would pick the most capable son as sultan. to prevent any civil war the son who became sultan would kill all of his other brothers

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28
Q

what was the transatlantic slave trade

A

the forcible movement of africans out of africa to the new world by europeans

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29
Q

what started the slave trade

A

all of the native americans were dying so they decided to go to africa for new workers

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30
Q

what crop influenced the slave trade

A

sugar cane. as it got more popular, they needed more labor for it. sugar cane is labor intensive

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31
Q

how did europeans justify slavery

A

they changed the definition of race to fit their right for slaves

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32
Q

how did the europeans change the defintion of race

A

they said that africans were suited for hard labor, native americans were too weak for hard labor, and europeans were intellectually more developed

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33
Q

how did the europeans realize they could get more slaves from africa

A

there were already wars going on in africa, so the europeans would purposefully start wars to get more slaves

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34
Q

what is the triangular trade

A

it is a purposeful system of trade developed by europeans for their own profit. the took slaves from africa, take them to the new world, and then take cotton and sugar back to europe

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35
Q

how long did the slave trade last

A

it lasted for almost 400 years

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36
Q

how did the did colombus discovering the americas change the course of world history

A

movement of people all over the world, population changes, everything changes dramaticallyy

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37
Q

what cause the population to go down in latin america after 1500

A

small pox and genocide

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38
Q

why did european population go down from 1900 to today

A

the industrial revolution and a lot of people traveled to the americas

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39
Q

why did africas population go down at 1700 and 1800

A

slave trade and europeans

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40
Q

what countries were in the old world

A

europe, asia, africa

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41
Q

what was the new world

A

the americas

42
Q

what does absolutism mean

A

claim to have absolute power

43
Q

what was the age of asolutism

A

the king in france had absolute power from god. no one could not take the kings power away, no one couldnt rebel, and he could not share is power because it came from god

44
Q

who is Louis XIV (14)

A

he is an effective king of france. he is an absolute ruler

45
Q

what does louis XIV call himself

A

he calls himself the sun king

46
Q

what does divine right mean

A

power from god

47
Q

what is versailles

A

it was king louis XIV palace.

48
Q

where is versalille

A

it is outside the capital of paris

49
Q

what was originally versailles

A

it was his fathers hunting lodge

50
Q

who lived in versailles with king louis XIV

A

the nobles. he wanted to keep an eye on them even though the nobles did not like him. he reduced the nobles to being servants.

51
Q

what was the best position to have in versailles

A

to help the king get dressed

52
Q

what is constutiionalism

A

there is a law above the king. a set of laws that governs the government

53
Q

what is the parliament of england

A

the parliament is the law making body in the english government. they started as a group of nobles to advise the king, but they assert more power and authority

54
Q

who is charles I

A

the king of england that believes he has divine right now. he believes he should be an absolutist king like king louis XIV

55
Q

why cant charles I have absolute power

A

he cant have absolute power because of parliament

56
Q

who was in the english civil war in the 1640s

A

the parliament and the king

57
Q

why was there an english civil war

A

to see who will contorl the power of religion, war, and taxes. they will fight for most of the 1640s

58
Q

who wins the english civil war

A

parliament

59
Q

what happens to charles I after parliament wins the english civil war

A

the parliament army arrests king charles with treason

60
Q

what does treason mean

A

going against your own nation

61
Q

who killed charles I

A

the parliament beheaded charles I

62
Q

who has the power to elect the king in england

A

the parliament

63
Q

who are william and mary

A

mary is the daughter of james II. they are protestant before they became king and queen, they had to sign the bill of rights

64
Q

what are the english bill of rights

A

limits even further the power of king and queen. the kings are not allowed to interfere with a debate in parliament. basically limitations to the king

65
Q

who is john locke

A

he is a philosopher and early thinker during the enlightenment

66
Q

what was the enlightenment

A

the idea that developed in the 18th century in europe that humans have the ability to use reason and rational thought. with that ability, we can improve man kind

67
Q

what did the enlightenment critique

A

it critiqued things like government, religion, and universities to make things better

68
Q

what does john locke write

A

he writes that all men are born with tabula rasa

69
Q

what is tabula rasa

A

-we are all born with a blank slate
-we ar eborn without the preconcieved ideas of reliigion
-anything that we beleive or dont believe in is put on to us after we are born

70
Q

who says that people are born with lumen naturale (natrual light)

A

john locke

71
Q

what are the natural rights people are born with according to john locke

A

life, liberty, property

72
Q

why do people form govenrment according to john locke

A

to protect their natural rights

73
Q

explain the geography of japan

A

it is not connected. the islands are easier to defend against armies. the mongols tried to conquer japan but they couldnt because of the water

74
Q

explain japan’s culture

A

japan was able to form their culture with a little less influence from other countries because they were isolated

75
Q

who is japan most connected to and why

A

japan is most connected to china and korea because of trade routes

76
Q

japan is culturally and ehtnicically _______

A

homogenous

77
Q

what does culturally and ethinically homogenous mean

A

it means they are all the same. they are one ethnically, one language, and one culture

78
Q

what is the sengoku period

A

it was the warring states period in japan

79
Q

how long was japan not unified for

A

130 years

80
Q

who ruled japan during the sengoku period

A

the daimyo. the emperor lost control over his country, the daimyo wanted the country to be unified but they each had different plans

81
Q

who were the daimyo

A

they were the warlords and cheifs that had their own territories

82
Q

why doesnt the emperor of japan have no real power during the sengoku period

A

because no one is listening to him

83
Q

what were the samurais

A

they were trained in martial arts and they are loyal to their daimyo

84
Q

what strict code do the sammurais follow

A

the bushido

85
Q

what is the bushido

A

you are loyal to your daimyo, your lord. if you arent loyal to your daimyo you must comment

86
Q

who were the three unifiers of japan

A

oda nobunaga, toyotami hideyoshi, tokugawa leyasu

87
Q

oda nobunaga

A

if you do not follow, ill kill you

88
Q

toytami hideyoshi

A

if you do not follow, ill teach you

89
Q

tokugaway leyasu

A

if you do not follow, he will wait for you

90
Q

who takes the name of shogun

A

tokugawa leyasu

91
Q

what does shogun mean

A

the highest military official in japan

92
Q

what does the shogun do

A

he shapes policy and he shapes the military

93
Q

what does shogenate mean

A

the rule of one family as shogun

94
Q

what is isolationsism

A

japan forbade contact from the outsidd world. they wanted japan to be homogenous. they expeled foreigners and they didnt let people leave japan

95
Q

who traded with japan during the isolationsim era

A

the dutch. the dutch had trade for strictly business. other countries would try to convert

96
Q

who made japan stop isolationsism

A

USA USA. they sent over a navy

97
Q

who is jean jacques rousseau

A

he is a philosopher from france. he came up with the idea of a social contract

98
Q

what is a social contract

A

he says the people enter a social contract with their governement. the people agree to pay taxes and go to war and the government agreees to protect them. if the governernment does not uphold their part of the contract, then the people have a right to rebel

99
Q

who is montesquieu

A

he is from france. he wrote about what the ideal form of governernment should be

100
Q

what does montesquieu say about the govenrment

A

he says ideally a government would have multiple branches. three branches would have checks and balances on each other

101
Q
A

bio 110 (3 decks)

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