History Flashcards
At the turn of the century what power plants were available?
electric, steam, gasoline
What were some of the first options available for cars
air cooled/water cooled, 4 or 2 stroke, electric, firction or chain driven
What was kettering (engineer for caddilac creddited with developing?
breaker point ignition system and the electric starter
what did henry ford start producing on his assembly lines
magnetos
how many cars did the duryea brothers produce
13
Who formed general motors?
william durant
what did harry ricardo invent?
turbulent combustion chamber (allowing for increased compressing ratio while using poor quality fuels)
What drove the push for closed top vehicles?
weather and safety
Which manufacturer started crash tests?
gm
what changed performance and price being directly proportional
chevy small bock v8
when did the SAE (society fo automotive engineers) start developing testing standars?
1960s
what is HIC?
head injury criteria, method of predicting when head injury could occur
What was signed in 1967 with 19 stanards?
National Traffic and motor vehicle safety act
What lead to a reduction in compression ratio and performance along with the advent of catalytic converteers, EGR and unleaded fuel?
Emmisions ligislation in the 1970s
How is chemical energy released?
converted to thermal energy through the process fo combustion.
What is not an ICE
steam, stirling, gas turbinces are examples of external combustion engines
What is the difference betwen Unibody and Body-over frame
Unibody is one peice body with components bolted to the body and fram, BOF major componens bolded to the frame, body placed over frame, frame must be strong but side effect is weight
Name 4 common Drive train config
Front engine, RWD/Front Engine FWD/Rear Engine, RWD/Rear Engine RWD
What are advantages of Front Engine Rear wheel drive
- forward cg helps stabalize vehicle
-ice acts as crash barrier
-radiator in front for better air flow
-small angle of inclination of drive shaft allows for u joints
-during climing weight is transfered to the rear tires
optimized space around components lends to eas in mainanance, less tire ware
Disadvantages Front Engine RWD
- propeller shaft and mounting cause vibrations
floor tunnel required, less leg room - more mass
IRS (independant rear suspension) requires CV joints
Advantages of front engine FWD
- mass of drive train and ice is over the driving wheels > better traction
- elimination of propeller shaft and lower cg
- compact design
- FWD have ability to handle pot holes better
- simple rear suspension > less mainentncae
- increase passenger space - no floor tunnel
- final drive is in transmission reducing unsprung weight
Disadvantages of Front Engine FWD
- use of universal joints in the suspension
- higher initial and ongoing mainenance costs
- loss of traction during climbing
- complete front drivetrains subject passengers to noise and fumes
– heavier steering
Adv. Rear Engine RWD
greater weight on rear wheels, better traction during climbing
- rear wheels can handle more braking due to increase weight
- heat and noise will not affect passengers
non drive front wheels > lighter steering and simple design
- compact exhause
Dis. Rear Engine RWD
- Enginge gearbox and clutch controls extended
- front trunk is reduced to allow wheels to steer
- at higher speeds vehicle will be difficult to steer
- coooling and ac equiment more complicated
- ICE/Drivetrain more dificult to access and more costly
- gas tank in the front leads to safety concerns
