History Flashcards
What did the second public health act make compulsory for local authorities and when was it
Provide clean water
Provide proper sewage systems
Collect rubbish on the street
Appoint a Medical Officer of Health
1875
How much sewers were built and how built them in how long?
1,800 kilometres by Joseph bazalgette
When was London hit by the Great stink and what did it do?
1858 because parliament was next to the river Thames the politicians smelt the stench forcing them to do something about it
When was the second reform act and what did it do?
1867 and shifted the voting population which helped to improve living conditions across the uk
When did Louis Pasteur publish his germ theory?
1861
Who first brought inoculation to Britain and from where?
Lady Mary wortley montagu from tukey
Who invented small pox vaccination
Edward Jenner
When was the industrial revolution in Britain?
1760-1840
What was John snows impact
Snow proved cholera was linked with bad water
Who was William Farr and what did he do?
William Farr collected medical statists that recorded how people died, snow used this to link cholera with water
How did snow link cholera with water?
Snow saw on farr’s statistic that victims of the cholera epidemic lived near broad street water pump
He then removed the pump handle forcing people to go to a different one
This stopped the spread of disease
Later snow realised a toilet was leaking into the water pipe
This confirmed cholera was not airborne but water borne
What did queen Victoria use as anaesthetic and when?
Chloroform 1853
What did the death rate fall by from the use of carbolic acid by lister
The death rate fell from 46% to 15%
Why did lister face criticism over his use of carbolic acid? Give 2 reasons
Others repeated the experiment he did however they didn’t sterilise equipment properly and they failed
Carbolic acid was irritating to breathe in and hurt their lungs and skin
When was pasteurs germ theory widely accepted?
By 1880
What were the 3 problems with surgery in the 1800’s
Pain
Bleeding
Infectiosn
How did Jenner create the vaccine?
Jenner believed that people who had cowpox were immune to small pox
Jenner gave an 8 year old boy called james phipps cowpox before injecting smallpox. James didn’t catch smallpox
Jenner tested this on 16 more patients and got the same results
When did Jenner publish his research
1798
What was religious opposition against the vaccine?
Some people in the church thought it wasn’t natural and against gods will
The creation of the anti-compulsory vaccination league in 1866
When were vaccine made compulsory?
1853
Why was Jenner facing opposition other than religion?
Many had tried his experiment but failed due to a contamination.
Jenner could not prove how vaccinations worked
How much did parliament give Jenner for reader has and when
£10,000 in 1802
How many people died in London from the “great plague” (bubonic plague)?
100,000 people died almost 25% of London’s population
What did people believe caused the plague
Miasma or supernatural/religious causes
What were some remedies for the plague?
Bloodletting through leeches or moving to the countryside
