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depression war and recovery > history > Flashcards

history Flashcards

1
Q

what was The Wall Street crash

A

it plunged the USA into an economic depression and led to the great depression of the 1930s.

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2
Q

other causes of the depression

A

decline in heavy industry in the UK as it faced increased competition from abroad

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3
Q

what are the three reasons for the decline

A

competition from abroad
New markets
obsolute methods

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4
Q

impacts of the Wall Street crash

A

Between 1929 and 1931 exports from Britain fell by a half

rapid growth of unemployment reaching 3 million unemployed in 1932

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5
Q

growing light industry

A

many jobs available in certain areas of Wales and England
mass production methods were applied to the motorcar industry. By 1938 number of cars sold in Britain had risen to approximately 2 million

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6
Q

what is meant by two Britons

A

some parts of Britain suffered but other parts were extremely successful

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7
Q

describe unemployment

A

rapid growth in unemployment reaching 15% by 1932

over 3 million people no longer had a wage and could not buy consumer goods

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8
Q

what was the dole

A

in 1920 the unemployment insurance act created a system of payments for unemployed workers
aim was to give financial support to the unemployed
provided 39 weeks of benefit

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9
Q

what was the means test

A

in 1931 the government introduced the means test to control and reduce the amount of the dole that was paid
before people could receive the dole people had to go through their houses and inspect to check all their possessions. Families could be forced to sell their possessions if they wanted to receive the dole

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10
Q

what were the reactions to the means test

A

they hated having an inspector go through all their belongings and force them to sell some of them
it was humiliating for families to have to reveal their earnings and savings
some authorities applied the means test very harshly

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11
Q

what were the hunger marches

A

The hunger matches become a way for working people to express the living and working conditions

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12
Q

why was there a Jarrow March

A

Jarrow was the most affected town during the depression
unemployment reaching 80%
Poor health was a widespread in the town and families tried to find ways to survive

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13
Q

what were the aims of the Jarrow March

A

to attract attention to the suffering of the town by taking a petition all the way to Parliament

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14
Q

events of the Jarrow March

A 
200 men marched from Jarrow to London
received support from the public
 they returned to Jarrow as heroes
police praised the man for being well organised
Stanley Baldwin ignored the petition
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15
Q

describe popular entertainment

A

provided a distraction from the harsh reality of the depression it was an opportunity to escape.
by 1939, 9 million registered radios in houses across Britain. In 1934 Wales had over 320 cinemas with over 20 in Cardiff alone.
Sports such as rugby and boxing helped people to cope

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16
Q

describe emigration

A

people were emigrating from Wales in massive numbers.

between 1921 and 1938 approximately 440,000 people left Wales to find better life elsewhere

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17
Q

making ends meet and self help

A

families lived by making ends meet one way was to buy cheaper foods
wives sacrificed their own needs for their husband and children. Woman neglected their own health.
neighbours rallied during times of crises e.g childbirth 

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18
Q

special areas act

A

1934 the government passed the special areas at this offered grants of £2 million to companies that would move to the special areas

1936 a further special areas at was passed that offered factories and businesses remission of grants rates and payment of taxes up to 100%

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19
Q

The threat from Germany

A

by 1934 Hitler had become the President of Germany his main aims was to make Germany great again and rid Germany of the hated Treaty of versailles

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20
Q

what were Hitler’s aims

A

to unite all Germans under his rule and create a greaterGermany

to gain live in space for the German people

to restore Germany as a great power

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21
Q

Hitler’s army

A

by 1939 the German army had almost 1, million men

an air force was created known as the Luftwaffe

by 1939 it had over 8000 aircraft

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22
Q

Terms of the treaty of versailles

A

The treaty playing Germany for the war and impose strict rules on them

Germany’s army was restricted to 100,000 it could not have tanks or an air force

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23
Q

impact on Treaty of Versailles

A

land was taken from Germany and given to European countries

The Rhineland was demilitarised leaving Germany unable to protect its border with France

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24
Q

What’s the Munich agreement

A

on the 30th of September Germany Britain Italy and France signed the Munich agreement
 The Sudetenland Would become part of Germany
Hitler and Chamberlain would sign a declaration that Britain and Germany would never to war

25
Q

Invasion of Poland

A

1 of September 1939 German troops entered Poland to claim the areas of greed in the Nazi Soviet pact

26
Q

when did Britain declare war on Germany

A

3 of September 1939

27
Q

what was the policy of appeasement

A

neville Chamberlain was keen to avoid war

his policy was to appease Hitler

28
Q

arguments for appeasement

A

The horrors of World War I was still in peoples minds anything that could avoid this happening again should be followed
Britain could not afford another war because they were still struggling with the impact of the depression

29
Q

arguments against appeasement

A

made Hitler more confident that he could keep demanding more

allowed Hitler to become stronger politically economically and territorically

30
Q

preparations for War

A

by appeasing Hitler in 1938 the country gained another 12 months to prepare for war
The Royal air force were well trained with good aircraft

31
Q

what were barrage balloons

A

designed to float in the air above London to try and stop German bombers from coming in too low.

32
Q

what were radar stations

A

made it possible to track German planes

33
Q

Home guard

A

volunteers Who were armed and trained to defend the British towns and cities
1.5 million volunteers

34
Q

Air Raid wardens

A

to enforce the blackout
to sound sirens during an air attack



35
Q

Air raid shelters

A

Anderson shelters were established in February 1939, 400,000 Anderson shelters
Morrison shelters were established in 1941
cellars were constructed into safe rooms

36
Q

The Luftwaffe

A

began bombing British cities especially London
became known as the Blitz
aim was to destroy the homes and lives of British citizens

37
Q

Bombing of London

A

bombed every night from 7 September to 2nd of November

over 15,000 people were killed

38
Q

Bombing of Swansea

A

February 1941 the three nights blitz
230 killed
gas and water was cut off

39
Q

contribution of woman

A

1939 woman’s voluntary service 1 million members by 1943

Woman worked in factories to provide essential war materials

40
Q

The role of women

A

1945, 450,000 woman in the military

performed nursing roles at hospitals

41
Q

Evacuation

A

began on first of September 1939 approximately 1.5 million people moved around the country in search of safety

42
Q

experiences of evacuation

A

Many were welcomed and felt part of the family

some were mistreated

some had a better standard of living than others

homesick

43
Q

rationing

A

ensure that there was sufficient food for everyone and that everyone had a fair amount

Basic foods such as eggs bread sugar were rationed as well as items such as soap and clothing

44
Q

propaganda and censorship

A

censorship ensured that information that might damage moral was not given to the people of Britain

Ministry of information set up to ensure that propaganda and censorship were carried out of actively. More than 3000 people worked in the ministry

45
Q

aims of propaganda posters

A

encourage support for the war

convince people to act and think a certain way

educate people about key issues during the war

46
Q

when was Churchhill appointed prime minister

A

10th of May 1940

47
Q

why was Churchhill appointed prime minister

A

he criticised appeasement and had been proven right

improved relations with the Labour Party

opinion polls suggested the public liked and supported him

his speeches were admired and he was popular

48
Q

Churchhill as a wartime leader

A

provided strong leadership during the war

speeches were really powerful

he was determined to stop Hitler

49
Q

what did Churchill set up

A

he organised the military

he ensured that the air force could control the skies

organising the war economy

many people believed that Churchhill was a key factor in the British victory

50
Q

famous radio broadcast

A

it’s that man again

A comedy that made fun of British methods of coping with the war

51
Q

famous cinema film

A

went the Day well?

52
Q

what was the dig for victory

A

urged people to grow their own vegetables

Potato Pete and Dr carrot promoted vegetable eating

by 1943, over a million tons of vegetables produced

53
Q

what was the Spitfire fund

A

appeals were created to encourage people to give money to Spitfire planes
local newspapers listed the people who had donated
almost every British town had their names on spitfires

54
Q

war damage

A

60,000 killed and 100,000 injured

500,000 homes destroyed

shortage of homes

55
Q

Setting up the NHS

A

to provide free healthcare for all
many doctors against the idea as they would lose money from private practice
most people supported the NHS

56
Q

changes in education

A

1944 education act

three types of schools grammar schools technical schools and secondary modern

57
Q

changes in housing

A

homes for all policy
800,000 homes were built
prefabs built
New towns were built such as cwmbran

58
Q

what were the five giants

A 
squalor
want
idleness 
disease 
ignorance

depression war and recovery (1 decks)

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