History

Question 1

Structuralism

Answer 1

Study of the elements of consciousness (structure) and the connection between them using introspection

Question 2

Wilhem Wundt

Answer 2

“Father of psychology” - founded 1st school of experimental psychology - structuralism

Question 3

Functionalism

Answer 3

School of thought looking at the function and role of mental processes and how they help individuals adapt to the environment using introspection and observation

Question 4

William James

Answer 4

Established first laboratory of psychology and 2nd school of experimental psychology - functionalism & comparative psychology

Question 5

John Watson

Answer 5

3rd school of experimental psychology - behaviourism

Question 6

Urlic Neisser

Answer 6

4th school of psychology - father of cognitive psychology

Question 7

Franciscus Donders

Answer 7

Wanted to calculate “the speed of thought” (mental chronometry). Known for his reaction time experiments using the subtractive method

Question 8

Hermann Von Helmholtz

Answer 8

1st psychopysiologist - studied perception and developed pyschophysical methods. Known for calculating speed of neural impulses, the trichomatic theory of colour vision and the resonance theory of hearing

Question 9

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Answer 9

Studied memory - developed “curve of forgetting”

Question 10

Edward Throndike

Answer 10

Instrumental learning and Law of Effect - found trial and error problem solving

Question 11

James McKeen Cattell

Answer 11

First professor of psychology - studied the span of apprehension

Question 12

Hugo Munsterberg

Answer 12

Father of forensic psychology

Question 13

B F Skinner

Answer 13

Known for radical behavioursim and Contingencies of Reinforcement (Operant Conditioning)

Question 14

Karl Lashley

Answer 14

Coined the term neuroscience. Was searching for the engram (physcial memory trace); instead found mass action and equipotentiality

Question 15

Biopsychology (behavioural neuroscience)

Answer 15

Study of the physical basis of psychological phenomena such as memory, emotion, motivation and stress in relation to behaviour
- biological basis of behaviour

Question 16

Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 16

Orginated with Sigmund Freud - from this perspective most psychological processes are unconscious and behaviour is influenced by these

Question 17

Behaviourist Perspective

Answer 17

Focuses on learning and interested in how environmental events control behaviour - aims to predict and control behaviours

Question 18

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 18

Science of mental processes and behaviour.
Focuses on the way people perceive, process, store and retrieve information. Thinking is information processing - taking input from environment and turning it into meaningful output

Question 19

Evolutionary Perspective

Answer 19

from this perspective psychological process reflect evolutionary processes and natural selection - “survival of the fittest”