History Flashcards
What is Canada’s Government type?
Constitutional Monarchy (only one in North America)
What is the British North America Act
Canada’s original constitution document in 1867
Commitment to Peace, Order and Good Government
What did poets and songwriters call Canada?
The Great Dominion
Three founding Peoples of Canada?
British, French and Aboroginal
How were Territorial rights first guaranteed?
Through the Royal Proclamation of 1763 by King George 3rd
Residential schools facts
From the 1800s till 1980s
Schools were poorly funded and inflicted hardship on students
Aboriginal languages cultural practices were prohibited
When did Ottawa formally apologize to former students of residential schools?
2008
Three groups that makes up the Aboriginal People?
Indian, Inuit and Metis
Who are the Indians?
People who are not Inuit or Metis
Also known as First Nation, term used in 1970s
Who is John Buchan
Former Governor General of Canada (1935-40) that promoted diversity
Who are the Inuit?
They speak Inukitut language
Live in communities across the arctic
Who are the Metis?
Mix of Aboriginal and European ancestry
Live in the Prairie Provinces
Breakdown of Aboriginal People
65% first nation
30% Metis
4% Inuit
Breakdown of Aboriginal People
65% first nation
30% Metis
4% Inuit
Canada’s official languages
English and French
Number of Anglophones today
18 million
Number of Francophones
7 million
What is the only officially bilingual province
New Brunswick
Who are the Arcadians?
descendants of French colonists who began settling in the Maritime in 1604
What is the Great Upheaval?
War between France and Britain where more than 2/3 of Arcadians were deported from their homeland
Who are the Quebecers?
Descendants of French settlers
When did the House of Commons recognize that Quebecious form a nation within a united Canada
2006
How was the basic way of life in English-speaking areas established
Irish, Welsh, Scottish and English settlers, soldiers and migrants
What are Anglophones referred to
English Canadians
Second most-spoken language at home in Canada
Chinese
% of the population that speak Chinese languages at home in Vancouver and Toronto
Vancouver: 13%
Toronto: 7%
Biggest religion in Canada
Catholic Christian
When was oil discovered in Alberta
1947
Canada’s biggest trading partner
US
Canada Health Act
ensures common elements and basic standard of coverage
When was EI introduced?
1940 by the Federal Gov’t
When was OAS introduced?
1927
When was Canada and Quebec Pension Plans introduced?
1965
What is NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, which is a military alliance
What is the Quiet Revolution?
Happened in the 1960s to separate Quebec from Canada
What is the Official Languages Act
Established in 1969, guarantees French and English services in the federal Gov’t across Canada
Quebec sovereignty was defeated when?
In first referendum in 1980
and second referendum in 1995
Were Canadians of Asian descent given the right to vote historically?
No
Who was the last Asian descents to gain the right to vote?
The Japanese Canadian in 1948
When were Aboriginal people given the right to vote?
1960
How many Hungarians escaped the Soviet tyranny in 1956?
37,000
How many Vietnamese fled to Canada during the Vietnam war in 1975?
50,000
By 1960s, how many Canadians had origins that were neither British nor French
1/3
What is Canada known for in visual arts?
The Group of Seven, founded in 1920
Who invented Basketball?
Canadian James Naismith in 1891
Who is Donovan Bailey?
world record sprinter and double Olympic gold medallist in 1996 Olympic summer games
Who is Cantal Petitclerc
World champion wheelchair racer
Who is Wayne Gretzky?
Hockey player who played for Edmonton Oilers from 1979 to 1988
Who is Terry Fox?
British Columbian who lost his right leg to cancer at age of 18
What was Terry Fox’s marathon called?
Marathon of Hope
Who is Rick Hansen?
British Columbian who circled the globe in a wheelchair to raise funds for spinal cord research in 1985
in what year did majority of Canadians have adequate access to food and shelter
1951
What international organizations did Canada join?
NATO, NORAD and UN
Which UN operation did Canada join?
South Korea in Korean War
When did Canada create La Francophonie
1970
What did Paul Henderson do in 1972
scored the winning goal for Canada in the Canadian-Soviet Summit Series
Goal was named “the goal heard around the world”
What cup do Canadian football teams compete for?
The Grey cup
What did Sir Frederick and Charles Best discover
Insulin
What did Alexander Graham Bell discover?
The telephone
What did Joseph Bombardier invent?
snowmobile
What did Sir Sandford Fleming invent?
worldwide system of standard time zones
What did Matthew Evans and Henry Woodward invent?
the first electric light bulb
Who is Dr. Wilder Penfield?
Brain Surgeon at McGill, known as the greatest living Canadian
What did Mike Lazaridis and Jim Balsillie invent?
Research in Motion: Blackberry
What did John A. Hopps do?
invented the first cardiac pacemaker
What does Inuit mean?
The people
Largest Groups in Canada
English, French, Dutch, Ukranian, Aboriginal, Chinese, Scottish, Irish, German, Italian, Scandinivian, and South Asian
Canada’s system of government
Federal state
Parliamentary democracy
Constitutional monarchy
Where are the responsibilities of provincial and federal gov’t defined?
in Constitution Act (also known the British North American Act) in 1867
responsibilities of federal gov’t
defense citizenship currency criminal law navigation interprovincial trade and communication foreign policy
responsibilities of provincial gov’t
healthcare education natural resources property and civil rights highways municipal gov't
what are shared responsibilities between federal and provincial
agriculture and immigration
Do northern territories have status of provinces?
no
how is House of Commons elected?
by the people
how are provincial and territorial members elected?
by the people
what are elected members responsible for?
keeping government accountable
passing bills
approving and monitoring expenditures
who are Cabinet Minister responsible for?
elected representatives
what must Cabinet Ministers maintain?
confidence of vote
what happens if Cabinet Ministers receive a no confidence vote?
they must resign
what are three parts of the Parliament?
Sovereign - Queen or King
Senate
House of Commons - Gov’t members (Prime Ministers and Cabinet Minister) and Opposition Members
what does the Provincial Legislature consist of?
Lieutenant
Elected Assembly
what does Prime Minister do?
appoints Cabinet Ministers
responsible for operation and policy of the Gov’t
What is House of Commons?
Members of Parliament
elected by people
traditionally every 4 years
Who are Senators?
appointed by the Gov’t General on the advice of PM and serve for 75 years
who reviews bills?
Senators and House of Commons
steps in passing a bill
first reading second reading - debate committee stage - read more detailed report stage - make any ammendments third reading - debate and vote senate royal assent
Who is the Head of State
Sovereign - the Queen
Who is the head of Gov’t
Prime Minister
What other countries have monarchies?
Jordan Denmark Australia New Zealand Netherlands Norway Sweden Morocco Spain
Who represents the Sovereign in the federal gov’t
The Governor General - appointed by the Sovereign on advice from the PM, usually for five years
Who represents the Sovereign in the provincial gov’t
Lieutenant Governor - appointed by the Governor General on the advice of PM, for 5 years
Who plays the role of Prime Minister in Provincial Gov’t
Premier
Branches of the Canadian Gov’t
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
How many countries are linked to Canada through Commonwealth
53
when are federal elections held?
every 4 years, on third Monday every October
can PM ask for an earlier election?
yes
how many electoral districts are there in Canada?
308
other names of electoral districts?
ridings
constituencies
what is a riding or electoral district?
a geographical area that is represented by an MP
what are the people who run for office called?
candidates
how old do you need to be to run for office?
18
requirements to vote?
Canadian citizen
18 years old
on the voter’s list
how is the voting list produced?
through the National Register of Electors produced by a neutral party called Election Canada
what happens once an election is called?
Elections Canada sends a vote card in the mail that include where and when to vote and the number to call if you require interpretor services
when can you be added to the voter’s list?
at any time, including election day
what is the right to a secret ballot
no one can watch you vote or know who you voted for
what happens after elections are over?
the leader of the party with the most seats in the House of Commons becomes Prime Minister
what’s a majority gov’t
more than half of the seats are held by party in power
what happens if the majority of House of Commons vote against a major gov’t decision?
the party in power is defeated and a new election is called
what do the other parties that are not in power do
they are called the opposition parties and must peacefully oppose or try to improve government proposals
the opposition party with the most members of the House of Commons become?
the Official Opposition or Her Majesty’s Loyal Opposition
three major political parties in the House of Commons today
Liberal
NDP
Conservatives
what are municipal laws called?
by-laws
what does the municipal gov’t include?
mayor and councillers or aldermen
what are municipalities responsible for?
snow removal, streets, garbage removal, firefighting, ambulance, public transit, social and health services
how are first nations governed?
chiefs and councillers
what are the PM and Cabinet Ministers called?
The Cabinet
what do Cabinet Ministers do?
run government departments
what is the judicial system in Canada based on?
presumption of innocence
what is Canada’s legal system based on
rule of law, freedom under the law, democratic principles and due process
what is due process?
a principle that the government must respect all the legal rights a person is entitled to under the law
what does the blindfolded Lady of Justice in Vancouver represent?
blind to all considerations but the facts
how many judges make up the Supreme Court of Canada
nine
who are the supreme court of Canada appointed by?
the Governor General
types of courts in Canada
Supreme court, Federal Court, Provincial Court (appeal and trial court), family courts, traffic courts, small claims court (for civil cases)
What is the RCMP
Royal Canadian Mounted Police, which enforces federal laws throughout Canada, and serve as provincial police in all provinces except Ontario and Quebec
who’s job in enforce the laws of Canada
Police
When did Canada enact free trade with US
1988
when did Mexico become part of NAFTA
1994
Who are the G8?
US, Japan, Russia, Canada, Italy, UK, Germany, France
Three main industries in Canada
Service, manufacturing and natural resources
Services accounts for % of employees
75%
how much of Canadian exports are exported to the US
3/4
What is inscribed in the Peace of Arch in Washington
Children of a common mother
Together in unity
Is Canada in the top 10 world economies?
yes
Canada’s economy is mainly driven by?
Trade
Canada is ___ largest country on earth
second
how big is Canada?
10 million square kilometers
What are the three oceans that surround Canada?
Atlantic - east
Pacific - west
Arctic - north
Where is Canada-US border?
south of Canada
5 regions of Canada
Central Atlantic West Prairie Northern Territories
what is the capital of Canada
Ottawa
when was Ottawa chosen to be capital?
1857
who chose Ottawa as capital?
Queen Victoria
How many provinces does Canada have?
10
How many territories does Canada have?
3
Population of Canada?
34 million
Provinces in the Atlantic Region?
PEI - Charlettown
Newfoundland and Labrador - St Johns
Nova Scotia - Halifax
New Brunswick - Fredericton
Provinces in Central region?
Ontario - Toronto
Quebec - Quebec City
Provinces in Prairies
Manitoba - Winnipeg
Alberta- Edmonton
Saskatchewan - Regina
Provinces in North Region
Nunavut - Iqaluit
Yukon - Whitehorse
Northwest - Yellowknife
Provinces in West
British Columbia - Victoria
Facts about Newfoundland and Labrador
Most eastern point in North America
has its own time zone
linked to the sea
oldest colony of the British Empire
has immense hydro-electric resources
facts about PEI
smallest province
known for red soil and potatoes
birthplace of the confederation
has the longest bridge in the world: Confederation bridge
facts about Nova Scotia
most populous atlantic province
facts about New Brunswick
situated in the Appalachian range
has the second largest river system
1/3 of population lives and works in French
How many Canadians live in Quebec and Ontario
more than 50%
How much do Quebec and Ontario manufacture
3/4 of all Canadian manufactured goods
How many people live in Quebec
8 million
How many people living in Quebec speak french as their first language
more than 3/4
Quebec is Canada’s main producer of what
Pulp and paper
Quebec is Canada’s largest producer of?
Hydro-electricity
Features of Montreal?
Second largest city in Canada and the second largest mainly French-speaking city in the world after Paris
How many people live in Ontario
12 million (1/3 of Canadians)
What are the five Great Lakes located between Ontario and US
Lake Huron Lake Michigan Lake Superior Lake Ontario Lake Erie
what will you be tested on in Canadian Citizenship test
1) knowledge of Canada and rights and responsibilities of being a citizen
2) adequate knowledge in English or French
what happens after you take the test?
You will receive a notice called “Take the Oath of Citizenship”
At the ceremony you will:
1) Take the oath
2) sign the oath form
3) receive a certificate
what are the sources of Canadian law
1) laws passed by the Parliament and Provincial legislatures
2) English common law
3) Civil code of French
4) unwritten constitution of Great Britain
when was Magna Carta signed?
1215
where was Magna Carta sign
England
what is another name for Magna Carta
The Great Charter of Freedoms
what is included in Magna Carta
1) freedom of conscience and religion
2) freedom of though, belief, speech and press
3) freedom of association
4) freedom of peaceful assembly
what is Habeaus corpus
the right to challenge unlawful detention by the state
where was Habeaus corpus derived from?
English Common law
when was the constitution of Canada amended?
1982 by Queen Elizabeth 2nd
what become the new constitution of Canada in 1982
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
where did Queen Elizabeth 2nd amend the constitution of Canada
Ottawa
what are most important rights included in the charter?
1) mobility rights: Canadians can work and live anywhere and can apply for passport
2) aboriginal rights
3) multiculturalism
4) official language rights: French and English have equal status in the Parliament and throughout the Government
Responsibilities of Canadians
1) to vote
2) to be responsible for one’s self and family
3) to serve as a jury
4) to obey the law
5) to protect heritage and environment
6) help others in the community
does Canada have a compulsory military service?
no
what were the Huron-Wendat of the Great Lake Region (Iroquois)
Farmers and hunters
what were the Cree and Dene of Northwest
hunters-gatherers
what where the Sioux
nomadic, followed the Bison herd
who was John Cabot
an Italian immigrant to England who was the first to map out Canada’s Atlantic Shore
when did John Cabot come to Canada?
1497 in Newfoundland
who was the first European to explore the St. Lawrence river?
Jacques Cartier
who were the first Europeans?
The Vikings from Iceland
when did Jacques Cartier explore the Atlantic
between 1534 and 1542
how did Jacques Cartier name Canada?
he heard two captured guides speaking Iroquoian word kanata
what does Kanata mean
Village
when did Canada start appearing on maps?
1550s
how long has the Crown been a symbol of the state of Canada
400 years
when did Queen Elizabeth 2nd become Queen of Canada
1952
when did the Queen celebrate her Gold and Diamond Jubilee?
2002 and 2012
what is the Crown a symbol of?
a symbol of Government, the courts, police services, and Canadian Forces
when was a new flag of Canada raised?
1965
where does the red-white-red pattern come from?
Royal Military College in Kingston, founded in 1876
Red and White are the national colors of Canada since?
1921
what is the official royal flag for Canada?
Union Jack (England)
what was the flag before the red-white-red flag?
Red Ensign
when did Maple Leaves become adopted as a symbol?
1700s by French Canadians
where are maple leaves used?
Canadian uniforms since 1850s and carved into headstones of fallen soldiers overseas and in Canada
what is the coats of arms and motto?
After world war 1, Canada adopted an official coat of arms and a motto “A mari usque ad mare” which means from sea to sea.
what does the coats of arms contain?
flags of scotland, england, france and Ireland as well as red maple leaves
where can coats of arms be found?
dollar bills, government documents, and public buildings
what is Canada’s most popular spectator sport
Hockey
what is Canada’s winter sport
Hockey
when was Hockey developed?
in 1800s
what does NHL compete for?
The Stanley Cup, donated by Lord Stanley, Governor General, in 1892
what is the Clarkson Cup
established in 2005 by Adrienne Clarkson, the 26th Governor General, and awarded to women hockey teams
what is the second most popular Canadian sport
Football
What is Canada’s official summer sport
Lacrosse
Who first played Lacrosse
Aboriginals
when can the Beaver symbol be seen?
symbol of Hudson Bay’s Company
emblem of St. Jean Baptiste Society
5 cent coin
coats of arms of Saskatchewan, Alberta and cities such as an Montreal and Toronto
curling was introduced by what country?
Scotland
what is the highest provincial court?
The Court of Queen’s Bench
what is the national anthem of Canada called?
O Canada
when was the National anthem proclaimed?
1980
when was the national anthem first sung?
1880 in Quebec City
do French and English Canadian sing different words to the national anthem?
yes
first and last line of O Canada
O Canada! Our home and native land!
O Canada, we stand on guard for thee
what is the royal anthem of Canada?
God Save the Queen
when can the royal anthem be sung?
at any occasion when Canadians wish to honor the Sovereign
first and last line of the Royal Anthem
God save our gracious Queen!
God save the Queen!
when did Canada start using its own honors system
1967
what is Canada’s honor system called?
The Order of Canada
what is the highest honor available to Canadians
Victoria Cross
why is Victoria Cross awarded?
for bravery and self-sacrifice
How many Victoria Crosses has been awarded?
96 since 1854
Who was the first person to receive a Victoria Cross
Lieutenant Alexander Roberts Dunn
who was the first black person to receive Victoria Cross
Able Seaman William Hall
who was the first members of the Canadians corps not born in the British Empire to be awarded the Victoria Cross
Filip Konowal, born in Ukraine
who was the last person to receive the Victoria Cross
Lieutenant Robert Hampton Gray
what do honours consist of?
decorations, medals and orders
when is Sir John A. Macdonald day
January 11
when is Victoria Day
Monday before May 25
when is Canada day
July 1
when is Labor Day
first Monday of September
When is thanksgiving day?
second monday of October
when is Remembrance day
November 11
when is Sir Wilfred Day
November 20
When is boxing day
December 26
how long has the tradition of ordered liberty been there?
800 years
what does the Canadian Charter of Rights begin with?
Whereas Canada is founded upon principles that recognize the supremacy of God and the rule of law
what does the phrase “Whereas Canada is founded upon principles that recognize the supremacy of God and the rule of law” underlines
the importance of religious traditions to Canadian society
the dignity and worth of the human person
are you legally required to serve as a jury?
yes
what is Canada known as all around the world
a strong and free country
how many Indians live on reserves?
50%
how many communities of First Nations exist?
600
what dialect do Metis people speak?
Michif
how many francophones live outside Quebec
1 million
when was the Great Upheaval?
between 1755 and 1763
Since ___ most immigrants have come from Asian countries
1970s
Who is Marjorie Turner-Bailey
Olympian who is a descendent of black loyalists
when was the first permanent settlement in Canada
in 1604, by French colonists Pierre du Monts and Samuel de Champlain
what did Samuel Champlain do in 1608
built a fortress in Quebec city
when did the French and Iroquous make peace?
1701
what did the French and Aboroginal people collaborate on?
fur-trade
when did French and Britain battle?
in the 1700s
in the British vs French war, who was defeated?
in 1759, the French were defeated
After French vs British war, Britain renamed the colony to
the Province of Quebec
what were French-speaking catholic people called in the Province of Quebec
Habitants or Canadiens
what was the war called where France was defeated?
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham at Quebec City
why was the Quebec Act introduced
to better govern the French Roman Catholic majority
who introduced the Quebec Act
The British Parliament
when was the Quebec Act introduced
1774
what did the Quebec Act allow?
allowed religious freedoms for Catholics
allowed them to hold public office
What did the Constitutional Act of 1791 do?
divided the Province of Quebec into Upper Canada (later Ontario) and Lower Canada (later Quebec)
what did Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe do?
in 1793 he led Upper Canada to becoming the first province to move toward slavery abolition
when did the British Parliament prohibit the buying or selling of slaves?
1807
when did the British Parliament abolish salvery thorought the whole empire?
1833
when did the Montreal Stock Exchange open?
1832
what happened in 1812?
USA launched an invasion of Canada
when was the first representative assembly?
in 1758
where was the first representative assembly?
Halifax, Nova Scotia
when and where was the second representative assembly?
1773, PEI
when and where was the third representative assembly?
1785, New Brunswick
who lived in Upper Canada
loyalist, english speaking, protestant
how did Black people escape slavery in the US
they followed the North Star to Canada via the Underground Railroad
what happened in 1813?
the Americans burned Government House and the Parliament Building
How did Canada retaliate in 1814?
Burned down the White House
what is the significance of the Canada-USA border?
to ensure that Canada would remain independent of the US
what did Laura Secord do?
in 1813, she travelled 30 km on foot to warn Lieutenant James FitzGibbon of an American Attack
how many Canadians volunteered to fight in the South African War
7000
what was the South African War called?
Boer War
How many Canadians served in the 1914 war?
600,000
what does April 9 signify?
Vimy day, to celebrate victory in April 1917 when Canadian Corps captured Vimy Ridge
right to vote movement for women was called?
Women’s suffrage movement
who founded the Women’s Suffrage movement
Dr. Emily Stowe, the first Canadian woman to practice medicine in Canada
what was the first province to grant women rights?
Manitoba
why did the war between America and Canada happen in 1812?
the British Empire, which includes Canada, trying to defeat Napoleon Bonparte ended up interfering with American shipping
who fought the war in Canada vs US
Canadians including First Nations
what did Canada do to protect itself after war with United States
built a costly defense system
Citadels in Halifax and Quebec City
Naval drydock in Nova Scotia
Fort Henry at Kingston
what did Duke of Wellington do?
defeated Napoleon Bonparte in 1815
sent some of his best soldiers to defend Canada in 1814 (in Ottawa)
played a big role in founding the national capital, Ottawa
why did rebels happen in 1830s?
some people believe that democracy in Upper and Lower Canada was happening too slow
what did Lord Durham do?
an English reformer, recommended the Upper and Lower Canada be merged and given responsible government
what does responsible government mean?
the Crown must have the support of the majority to govern
what was one of Lord Durham’s controversial ideas?
that the quickest way for Canadiens to achieve progress was to assimilate into English-speaking Protestant culture
who are some of the Fathers of Confederation?
Sir Etienne-Paschal and Sir George-Etienne Cartier and Sir Jon A. Macdonald
when were Upper and Lower Canada joined?
1840
what was the name for joint Upper and Lower Canada?
Province of Canada
what was the first province in Canada to attain full responsible government?
Nova Scotia (1848)
who became the first leader of a responsible government?
La Fontaine, a champion of democracy and French Language rights
what happened from 1864-1867?
representatives from Province of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick came together to create a new country.
They created two level of Government: Federal and Provincial
They separated Province of Canada to Ontario and Quebec
The new country was called Dominion of Canada
when was the Dominion of Canada officially born?
July 1 1867
What was July 1 1867 until 1982 called? and what is it called now?
Dominion Day. Now it is called Canada Day
who was on $1 Dominion of Canada Bill
King George V which chose Canada’s national color (white and red) in 1921
who named Canada, the Dominion of Canada
one of the Fathers of Confederation: Sir Leonard Tilley
where did Sir Leonard Tilley get the inspiration from for Dominion of Canada
Psalm 72 in the Bible
when did Manitoba and Northwest Territories join the Dominion?
1870
when did British Columbia join the Dominion?
1871 after Ottawa promised to build a railway to the West Coast
when did PEI join the Dominion?
1873
when did Yukon join the Dominion?
1898
when did Alberta and Saskatchewan join the Dominion?
1905
when did Newfoundland and Labrador join the Dominion?
1949
when did Nunavut join the Dominion?
1999
who became the first Prime Minister in Canada in 1867?
Sir Jon A. Macdonald
One of the Fathers of Confederation
Born in Scotland on January 11
Portrait on $10 bill
when was the Canadian Pacific Railway completed?
1885
what is Head Tax?
a race-based entry fee applied to the Chinese
when did Ottawa apologize for the Head Tax
2006
who was the first French Prime Minister?
Sir Wilfrid Laurier
who’s portrait is on the $5 bill?
Sir Wilfrid Laurier
who was the right to vote given to in 1917?
first, to nurses at the battle front and then to women who were related to men in active wartime service
what happened in 1918?
women aged 21 and over were granted the right to vote in federal government
the Atlantic colonies and Upper and Lower Canada were known as
British North America
the Quebec Act was based on?
French civil code and English criminal law
when was the South African war, also known as Boer War
1899-1902
how many people died in the Boer War
260
how many people died in the Vimy Ridge capture
10,000 killed and wounded
what were Canadians called after Vimy Ridge
the shock troops of the British Empire
who granted exclusive trading rights to Hudson’s Bay company?
King Charles 2nd in 1670
who refused to surrender Quebec to the English in 1690
Count Frontenac
who defended the rights of Canadiens, defeated an American military invasion of Quebec in 1775, and supervise the Loyalist migration to Nova Scotia and Quebec in 1782
Sir Guy Carleton
which air demonstration is a Canadian icon
snowbirds
what is Beil Reid famous for?
Totem Pole carving
how many Canadians served in the second world war?
over 1 million
what did Mary Ann do?
weekly newspaper about slavery
first women publisher in Canada
activist for abolishment of slavery
who was a key architect of Confederation?
Sir George Etienne
which groups of people were significant in the building of the Canadian Pacific Railroad
Chinese and European
how many Canadians have lost their lives till the present day?
110,000
what did the Canadian Pacific Railway symbolize?
Unity
who are the bluebirds?
nurses in the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps
what was Canada’s early economy based on?
export of natural resources such timber, fur and fish through rivers, canals and lakes
who was Pierre le Moyne
great French hero, won may battles against the British
where are the remains of the first settlement known as l’anse aux Meadow
Newfoundland and Labrador
who were the United Empire Loyalists
loyalists that fled the American Revolution to Quebec and Nova Scotia
who is Sir Arthur Currie
known as Canada’s greatest soldier
when did Canada become an official title
1791
who was the commander of the British Army in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham
James Wolfe
who was the first women to become MP in 1921
Agnes Macphail
what did Joseph Brant do?
led thousand of Native American that were loyal to the British to Canada during American Revolution (tribes were known as Mowhaks)
who was Louis Reil?
Father of Manitoba and defender of Metis rights
when did Quebec give women the right to vote?
1940
how many people died in the Korean war (UN operation)
500
what province is the birthplace of Confederation?
PEI
what is a popular story in PEI
Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Montcemory
which province is known as the gateway to Canada
Nova Scotia
which province is known for its highest tides
Nova Scotia
where are the highest tides found?
Bay of Fundy
what is Nova Scotia known for?
shipping, shipbuilding, coal mining, forestry and agriculture
where is the largest east coast port?
Halifax
where is Canada’s largest naval base?
Halifax
which provinces has Celtic and Gaelic traditions?
Nova Scotia
how many annual festivals happen in Nova Scotia?
700 including military tattoo in Halifax
who was New Brunswick found by?
United Empire Loyalists
what is New Brunswick’s largest city?
St. John
where is Canada’s main financial centre?
Toronto
what is Niagara known for?
Vineyards and wines
who founded Ontario?
the United Empire Loyalists
what is Manitoba’s most populous city?
Winnipeg
what does Winnipeg have?
the most famous street intersection: Portage and Main
Manitoba has the largest population of:
Aboriginal (15%)
Ukrainian (14%)
Francophone community (45,000) - St. Boniface
what is Saskatchewan known as?
the breadbasket of the world
the wheat province
Saskatchewan has ___ of arable land
40%
Saskatchewan is the largest producer of ?
grains and oilseeds
which province has the richest deposits of Uranian and Potash?
Saskatchewan
Where is the home of the training academy of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Regina, Saskatchewan
what is Saskatchewan’s largest city?
Saskatoon: the headquarters of the mining industry
what is the most populous province in the Prairie region
Alberta
who was lake louise named after?
fourth daughter of Queen Victoria
how many national parks does Alberta have
5, including banff (1855)
Alberta is the world’s richest deposits of __
prehistoric fossils and dinosaur finds
Alberta is the largest producer of?
beef and oil
population of BC
4 million
where is the headquarters of the Navy’s Pacific fleet?
Victoria
BC is our gateway to ___
Asia Pacific
the most valuable forestry industry is in what province
BC
which province has the most extensive park system
BC, 600 provincial parks
where is the largest port
Vancouver
where is the largest east coast port
Halifax
who is regulated by the law?
both Governments and individuals
till when did slavery remain legal in the US
1863
who did the Hudson bay compete with in 1670?
Montreal-based traders
what were the men who travelled by canoe for trade called?
Voyageurs and coureurs des bois
who led the war of Britain vs French
James Wolfe (Britain) and Marquis (France) - both killed in batle
how many black loyalists came to Canada and what town did they later on move to
3000
Sierra Leone (West of Africa)
in 1792
what were Winnepeg, Edmonton, Vancouver and Victoria before cities?
trading posts
who were the leaders of the 1812 war?
Sir Isaac Brock and Cheif Tecusmeh (First Nations)
who led the expedition from Nova Soctia that burnt down the White House
Major General Robert Ross
which battle did Laura Secord help
Battle of Beaver Dams
who introduced responsible government
Lord Elgin, 1849
which flag flew over western Canada for 200 years before confederation
Hudson’s Bay
who was Sir Sam Steele
mounted policeman and soldier of the Queen
who was Gabriel Dumont
Metis greatest military leader
how many people were wounded in Korean war
1000
when did Parliament establish the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Bicultarailsm
1963
who built Canadarm
Canadian Space Agency
name some Nobel Prize-winning students
Gerhard Herzbeg and Bertram Brockhouse
