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Life In The Uk > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

1
Q

1st Roman emperor to try to invade Britain

A

Caesar

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2
Q

Roman emperor who invaded Britain

A

Claudius

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3
Q

One of the famius tribal leader who fought against Roman

A

Boudicca, queen of the iceni (easter england)

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4
Q

Who has a statue of them on westminster bridge in London

A

Boudicca queen of the iceni

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5
Q

Roman emperor who built wall between england and scotland

A

Hadrian

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6
Q

Why was the wall between Enfland and Scotland built

A

To keep out the Picts (Scotland ancestors)

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7
Q

Names of two forts alond the scottish wall

A

Housesteads and Vindolanda

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8
Q

How long did the romans stayed in england

A

400 years

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9
Q

Why did romans leave

A

To fight/defend their territory elsewere and never returned

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10
Q

Is the scottish wall a Unesco world heritage site

A

Yes

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11
Q

Christian missionary in Ireland

A

Saint Patrick

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12
Q

Christian missionary who founded a monastery on the island of Iona

A

Saint columba

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13
Q

Where did Saint Columba founded a monastery

A

Island of Iona

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14
Q

1st archbishop of Canterbury

A

Saint Augustine

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15
Q

Who was the missionary in the south of engkand

A

Saint Augustine

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16
Q

How long did the hundred years lasted

A

116 years

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17
Q

Name of a famous battle of the hundred years war

A

Battle of Agincourt in 1415

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18
Q

Why was the battle of Agincourt famous

A

French king Henry 5 had an army bigger than english, yet he lost

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19
Q

What was the name of the duke of normandy who conquered England

A

William the conqueror

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20
Q

In which year william the consueror invaded the England

A

1066

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21
Q

Who and where did william the conqueror defeated

A

Harold, the saxon king of england. At the battle of Hastings

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22
Q

Name of the tapestry commemorated the battle of Hastings ?

A

Bayeux tapestry

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23
Q

What is the name of the book that william the conqueror created by drawing up a list of towns, villages, who owned what, etc.

A

The domesday book. It still exist and gives a picture of the society in england just after the norman conquest

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24
Q

Where did vikings come from?

A

Denmark, norway and sweden

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25
Q

Why did viking come

A

Raid coastal and take away goods and slave

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26
Q

When did the viking raid for the first time england?

A

AD 789

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27
Q

Under which king did the anglo saxon kingdoms united to defeat the vikings?

A

King Alfred the great

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28
Q

Name of the area where viking invaders stayed?

A

Danelaw (places like Grimsby and Scunthorpe come from viking language)

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29
Q

Name of the king in the north who has united people against viking threat?

A

Kenneth MacAlpin

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30
Q

When did the term Scotland started to be used?

A

Under king kenneth MacAlpin, who united the north against the viking threat

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31
Q

Name of the first danish king (during the small period when it wasn’t a anglo saxon king)?

A

Cnut, aldo called Canute

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32
Q

Why was bronze age called like that?

A

People learnt to make bronze

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33
Q

Early britain, age names order

A

Stone age, bronze age and iron age

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34
Q

What metal was worked during bronze age

A

Bronze and gold

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35
Q

How was called tombs in bronze age

A

Round barrows

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36
Q

How were called defended sites during iron age?

A

Hill forts

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37
Q

Where can we see a hill fort today

A

Maiden castle, english county of Dorset

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38
Q

Language talked during iron age

A

Celtic language family.

Similar languages were spoken across Europe

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39
Q

When was the first coins in britain made

A

During iron age, with names of kings

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40
Q

Wo has annexed Wales to the crown of England

A

King Edward 1 in 1284

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41
Q

What was the name of the rule which annexed Wales to the crown of England

A

The statute of Rhuddlan

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42
Q

Which castle were built to maintain england power over Wales

A

Conwy and Caernarvon

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43
Q

By when welsh rebellions had been defeated?

A

Middle of 15th century.

English laws and language were introduced

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44
Q

Name of the battle between english and scottish King

A

Battle of Bannockburn in 1314.

It was lead by the scottish king Robert the Bruce who won

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45
Q

Was Ireland independant at the beginning of middle age?

A

Yes.

First english people came as troops to help irish kings and stay to build their own settlement.

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46
Q

What was the name of the area England rules in Ireland by 1200

A

The Pale, around Dublin

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47
Q

What is feudalism

A

A system of land ownership used by the normans.

Lords are given lands by king in return fir help in war.

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48
Q

Did peasant owned land in middle age?

A

Mostly not, they were serfs.

They had small areas of their lord’s land, in return they had to work for their lord and couldn’t move away

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49
Q

What was the black death

A

A sort of plague in 1348 which called 1/3 of the population in england

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50
Q

What did the black death led to?

A

Smaller population, labour shortages and peasants demanded higher wages.
New social classes appeared.

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51
Q

After the black death, there were new social classes, what was the name of the owners of large areas of land

A

The gentry

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52
Q

When did parliament begin to develop

A

In the middleages as king’s council of advisers like noblemen and leaders of the church

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53
Q

When did the king’s power started to be limited?

A

In 1215

King john was forced by his noblemen to agree to a number of demands

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54
Q

What was the great charter

A

A charter of rights called magna carta.
King john had to sign that in 1215.
Meant even the king was subject to the law and it protected the rights of the nobility, restricted king’s power to collect taxes or change laws

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55
Q

Who sieged in the different parliament

A

Nobility, great landowners and bishops in the house of Lords.
Knights and wealthy people from towns and cities in the house of commons

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56
Q

When did judges/ legal system appear

A

During middle age.

Judges developped ‘common law’ by a process of precedence

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57
Q

By When did the english language became ‘official’

A

By 1400.

Official documents were written in english and it became the preferred language of the royal court and parliament

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58
Q

Who wrote a series of peoms about people going to Canterbury on a pilgrimage?

A

Geoffrey Chaucer a bit before 1400

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59
Q

Who printed the first books in england

A

William Caxton.

Printed the canterbury tales

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60
Q

One of the first poet to write in scots language

A

John Barbour who wrote The Bruce about the battle of Bannockburn

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61
Q

Castles built during middle ages which are not in ruins and still used

A

Windsor and Edinburgh

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62
Q

Great cathedral built during middle ages

A

Lincoln Cathedral and York Minster

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63
Q

Famous cathedral for its stained glass telling stories

A

York Minster

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64
Q

What was an important export during middle ages

A

English wool

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65
Q

During middle age lits of people cale to trade and work, what was their special skills

A

Weavers from france
Engineers from germany
Glass manufacturers from italy
Canal builders from holland

66
Q

Which houses fought in the wars if the roses

A

House of Lancaster and House of york

67
Q

Why was the wars if roses called that

A

Lancaster house: red rose

York house: white rose

68
Q

Who win the war of the roses?

A

In 1485 Henry Tudor (lancaster house) defeated King Richard 3 in the battle of Bosworth Field

69
Q

Who did Henry Tudor married

A

King’s richard’s niece: Elisabeth of york.

House of tudor changed their symbol with a white rose inside their red rose

70
Q

What did King henry 7 did

A

He build the monarchy’s financial reserves as he was thrifty.
He is Henry Tudor who won wars of the roses

71
Q

Why was Henry 8 Famous

A

For vreaking a ay from the church of Rome and marrying six times

72
Q

Why did Henry 8 divorced his first wife

A

To marry someone younger who could give him a son

73
Q

Six wives of Henry 8

A 
Catherine of Aragon
Anne Boleyn
Jane Seymour
Anne of Cleves
Catherine Howard
Catherine Parr
74
Q

Why did Henry 8 establish the Church of England

A

To break away from the Pope ‘s rule and have the power to appoint bishops and order how people should worship

75
Q

What differianted protestants and catholic in the middle age

A

They read the bible in their own language instead of in latin.
Did not pray Saints or at shrines.
Believed that their own relationship to god was more important than submitting to the authority of the church

76
Q

When did protestant ideas gained strength in England

A

During the 16th century

77
Q

Name of the act under King Henry 8 which formally united wales with England

A

Act for the Governement of Wales.

Welsh sent representatives to the house of Commons,

78
Q

Henry 8 1st succession

A

Edward 6, protestant

79
Q

Name of the book written to be used for the church during Edward 6 (son of Henry 8)

A

The book of Common Prayer

80
Q

Why was Mary, daughter of henry 8 called bloody mary

A

Because she was a devour catholic znd persecuted protestant

81
Q

What was Elisabeth 1 religion

A

Protestant

82
Q

What made Elisabeth 1 one of the mist popular monarchs

A

After 1588 when english defeated Spanish Armada who wanted to restore Catholicism

83
Q

When did scotland abolish the authority of the pope

A

In 1560 by parliament.

Catholic services became illegal

84
Q

Who was Mary queen of Scots

A

Elisabeth 1’s cousin

She was catholic

85
Q

Why did Mary queen of scots got executed

A

Elisabeth’s though she wanted her throne.

Kept her 20 years prisoner before executing her

86
Q

Commander of the defeat of the spanish armanda who founded the england’s naval tradition

A

Francis Drake

87
Q

Ship of Francus drake who sail right around (circumnavigate)

A

Golden hind

88
Q

Where was shakespear bornt

A

Stratford upon avon

89
Q

What (types) was shakespeare famous for

A

Plays and poems

90
Q

Famous plays from Shakespeare

A

A midsummer night’s dream
Hamlet
Macbeth
Romeo and Juliet

91
Q

Who was the first play writer to portray ordinary people

A

Shakespeare

92
Q

Famous quotes from shakespeares

A

Once more unto the breach (Henry 5)
To be or not to br (Hamlet)
A rose by any other name (romeo and juliet)
All the world’s a stage (as you like it)
The darling buds of May (sonnet 18 - shall I compare thee to a summer’s day)

93
Q

Name of the theater in london which is a copy of the theaters in which shakespeare plays were performed

A

The globe theater

94
Q

Who ruled after Elisabeth 1

A

James 6 of Scotland (son of Mary queen of scots), who became James 1 of England

95
Q

Name of the bible translated under James 1

A

The King james bible.

Still used by many protestants today

96
Q

Predominant religion in Ireland during Henry7/8

A

Catholic

97
Q

T/F henry 8 took the title ‘king of Ireland’

A

True

English laws were introduced

98
Q

What was plantations during Elisabeth 1 and James 1 reigns

A

The fact government encouraged scottish and england protestants to settle in Ireland and take over lands from Catholic landholders

99
Q

Where was the first destination place for the plantations (where english protestants were encouraged to settle)

A

Ulster, northern province of Ireland

100
Q

Who reigned after James 1

A

His son charles 1

101
Q

Why did parliament and kings James 1, then Charles 1 disagreed

A

Kings believed in the ‘Divine Right of Kings’: directly appointed by God to rule.

102
Q

Why was a scittish army built

A

King charles 1 tried to impose his Prayer book on the Presbytarian church in scotland.
They built their army against the king

103
Q

When did king charles 1 asked funds to parliament after 11 years of ignoring them

A

In 1640, but most of parliament were Puritans (protestant), so they refused

104
Q

Who are puritans

A

A group of protestants who advocate strict and simple religious doctrine and worship

105
Q

Why did parliament demanded control of the english army under king Charles 1

A

Due to 2 rebellion:
Scot army against king charles 1 due to his religious beliefs he wanted to impose them.
Ireland started rebellion as well as the roman catholics in ireland were afraid of the growing power of the puritans

106
Q

Why did king charles 1 entered the house of commons

A

To try to arrest five parliament leaders, following their demand to control the english army.

107
Q

Why did civil war started

A

It started in 1642 due to conflicts between king Charles 1 and the parliament (especially after charled tried to arrest members of parliament)

108
Q

Names of the different supportants between the civil war between charles 1 and the parliament

A 
The cavaliers (supported the king)
The roundheads (supported parliament)
109
Q

Important battles during the civil wars which Charles 1 lost

A

Battle of Marston moor and Naseby

110
Q

When was it clear that the oarliamrnt won the civil war against charles 1?

A

1646

111
Q

Why was King Charles 1 executed

A

Once he list, he still didn’t want to reach to an agreement with parlement and got executed in 1649

112
Q

What happened to england after civil war

A

It became a republic called the commonwealth

113
Q

Who was Oliver cromwell

A

A general if the english army

114
Q

Why is Cromwell a controversial figure in Ireland

A

Because he established the authority of english parliament with lots of violance

115
Q

What were the battles where general Cromwell defeated Charles 2 (son of King Charles 1)

A

Battles of Dunbar and Worcester

116
Q

Why did scotland became controlled by parliament around 1650

A

The scots didn’t agree with Charles 1 execution and declared his son charles 2, king.
When charles 2 lost, they got controlled by the englush parliament

117
Q

How did Charles 2 escaped and fled yo europe

A

By hiding on one occasion in an oak tree from a battle in Worcester

118
Q

Why was Cromwell recognised as the leader of the new republic during the 17th century

A

For his victory in Ireland znd against Charles 2

119
Q

What title did Cromwell get when he became the leader of the republic

A

Lord protector

120
Q

Until when did Cromwell ruled

A

Until his death in 1658

121
Q

After the civil war how long did britain stayed a republic

A

11 years

122
Q

Why did parliament called back Charles 2

A

Richard son of Cromwell was unable to control government nor army, people wanted stability and talked about the need for a king

123
Q

When did parliament invited charles back

A

In may 1660

124
Q

Where was charles 2 in exile

A

In netherlands

125
Q

Did parliament supported charles 2 policies

A

Yes

126
Q

Which religious people where kept of power after Charles 2 became king

A

Roman Catholics and Puritans

127
Q

When was the major outbreak of plague in london

A

In 1665, during charles 2 reign

128
Q

When did the great fire in london happened

A

In 1666

129
Q

After the great fire in london which destroy much of the city including Saint Paul’s Cathedral, who was the architect who designed thr new saint paul

A

Sir Christopher wren

130
Q

Who wrote a diary about the plagues, great fire and rebuilt of london in the 17th century?

A

Samuel pepys.

Still read today

131
Q

When was the Habeas corpus act voted as law

A

In 1679

132
Q

What does Habeas Corpus means

A

Latin for ‘you must present the person in court’

133
Q

What does the Harbeas corpus act guarantees

A

No one could be held prisoner unlawfully.

Every peisoner has a right to a court hearing

134
Q

T/f king charles 2 was interested in science

A

True

135
Q

Oldest surviving scientific society in the world

A

The Royal society

136
Q

Under which king was the Royal Society formed

A

Under Charles 2. To promote natural knowledge

137
Q

Early members of the Royal Society

A

Sir Edmund Halley

Sir Isaac Newton

138
Q

Who successfully predicted the return of a comet , which was then called his name’s comet

A

Sir Edmund Halley

139
Q

Where was Newton born

A

In lincolnshire

140
Q

Where did Newton studied

A

cambridge

141
Q

Most famous published work from Isaac Newton

A

Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy)

142
Q

What did newton discovered

A

Gravities applies to the whole universe

White light is made up of the colours of the rainbows.

143
Q

Who became king after Charles 2

A

His brother James 2 in 1685

144
Q

Religion of King James 2

A

Roman catholic

145
Q

What did James 2 did which was forbidden by parliament laws

A

Allowed Roman Catholics to be army officers

146
Q

Why did people worried that king james 2 wanted to lake england catholic again

A

He arrested bishops of the church of england

147
Q

Who was william of Orange

A

Husband and cousin of Mary, the eldest daughter if King james.
He was the protestant ruler of the netherlands

148
Q

Why did important protestznts asked William of orange to invade england and proclaim him king

A

Because James 2 got a son, after 2 daughters (who were protestants), and they were afraid to have another catholic king as James 2 was catholic.

149
Q

Whe mn did england asked william of orange to invade England and take the throne from King James 2

A

In 1688

150
Q

Was there any restistance when william of Orange came to britain to take the throne of King James 2

A

No

151
Q

Where did king james 2 fled

A

To france

152
Q

King name of william of orange

A

William 3 in england, wales and ireland.

William 2 in Scotland

153
Q

What was called the period when William 3 of england and his wife Mary reigned

A

The glorious Revolution

154
Q

Why was the Glorious revolution called like that

A

No fighting happened.

Power of parliament was guaranteed.

155
Q

Which battle did James 2 lost when trying to regain his throne

A

Battle of Boyne in 1690

156
Q

Which battle event is still celebrated in northern ireland today

A

The battle of Boyne in 1690, where William defeated James 2

157
Q

Which army helped James 2 to regain his throne

A

French army, through ireland but with no success

158
Q

Where was an armed rebellion in support of James 2, quickly defeated by william

A

Killiecranckie

159
Q

Which family was killed after William defeated rebellion in Scotland, because they were late in taking an oath to King William

A

The MacDonalds of Glencoe

160
Q

Why did Scots ditrusted the new government during William 3

A

Because of the execution of the scottish clan: the MacDonalds of Glencoe

161
Q

Name of the supporters of James 2

A

Jacobites

Life In The Uk (1 decks)

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