History Flashcards
1
Q
1st Roman emperor to try to invade Britain
A
Caesar
2
Q
Roman emperor who invaded Britain
A
Claudius
3
Q
One of the famius tribal leader who fought against Roman
A
Boudicca, queen of the iceni (easter england)
4
Q
Who has a statue of them on westminster bridge in London
A
Boudicca queen of the iceni
5
Q
Roman emperor who built wall between england and scotland
A
Hadrian
6
Q
Why was the wall between Enfland and Scotland built
A
To keep out the Picts (Scotland ancestors)
7
Q
Names of two forts alond the scottish wall
A
Housesteads and Vindolanda
8
Q
How long did the romans stayed in england
A
400 years
9
Q
Why did romans leave
A
To fight/defend their territory elsewere and never returned
10
Q
Is the scottish wall a Unesco world heritage site
A
Yes
11
Q
Christian missionary in Ireland
A
Saint Patrick
12
Q
Christian missionary who founded a monastery on the island of Iona
A
Saint columba
13
Q
Where did Saint Columba founded a monastery
A
Island of Iona
14
Q
1st archbishop of Canterbury
A
Saint Augustine
15
Q
Who was the missionary in the south of engkand
A
Saint Augustine
16
Q
How long did the hundred years lasted
A
116 years
17
Q
Name of a famous battle of the hundred years war
A
Battle of Agincourt in 1415
18
Q
Why was the battle of Agincourt famous
A
French king Henry 5 had an army bigger than english, yet he lost
19
Q
What was the name of the duke of normandy who conquered England
A
William the conqueror
20
Q
In which year william the consueror invaded the England
A
1066
21
Q
Who and where did william the conqueror defeated
A
Harold, the saxon king of england. At the battle of Hastings
22
Q
Name of the tapestry commemorated the battle of Hastings ?
A
Bayeux tapestry
23
Q
What is the name of the book that william the conqueror created by drawing up a list of towns, villages, who owned what, etc.
A
The domesday book. It still exist and gives a picture of the society in england just after the norman conquest
24
Q
Where did vikings come from?
A
Denmark, norway and sweden
25
Why did viking come
Raid coastal and take away goods and slave
26
When did the viking raid for the first time england?
AD 789
27
Under which king did the anglo saxon kingdoms united to defeat the vikings?
King Alfred the great
28
Name of the area where viking invaders stayed?
Danelaw (places like Grimsby and Scunthorpe come from viking language)
29
Name of the king in the north who has united people against viking threat?
Kenneth MacAlpin
30
When did the term Scotland started to be used?
Under king kenneth MacAlpin, who united the north against the viking threat
31
Name of the first danish king (during the small period when it wasn’t a anglo saxon king)?
Cnut, aldo called Canute
32
Why was bronze age called like that?
People learnt to make bronze
33
Early britain, age names order
Stone age, bronze age and iron age
34
What metal was worked during bronze age
Bronze and gold
35
How was called tombs in bronze age
Round barrows
36
How were called defended sites during iron age?
Hill forts
37
Where can we see a hill fort today
Maiden castle, english county of Dorset
38
Language talked during iron age
Celtic language family.
| Similar languages were spoken across Europe
39
When was the first coins in britain made
During iron age, with names of kings
40
Wo has annexed Wales to the crown of England
King Edward 1 in 1284
41
What was the name of the rule which annexed Wales to the crown of England
The statute of Rhuddlan
42
Which castle were built to maintain england power over Wales
Conwy and Caernarvon
43
By when welsh rebellions had been defeated?
Middle of 15th century.
| English laws and language were introduced
44
Name of the battle between english and scottish King
Battle of Bannockburn in 1314.
| It was lead by the scottish king Robert the Bruce who won
45
Was Ireland independant at the beginning of middle age?
Yes.
| First english people came as troops to help irish kings and stay to build their own settlement.
46
What was the name of the area England rules in Ireland by 1200
The Pale, around Dublin
47
What is feudalism
A system of land ownership used by the normans.
| Lords are given lands by king in return fir help in war.
48
Did peasant owned land in middle age?
Mostly not, they were serfs.
| They had small areas of their lord’s land, in return they had to work for their lord and couldn’t move away
49
What was the black death
A sort of plague in 1348 which called 1/3 of the population in england
50
What did the black death led to?
Smaller population, labour shortages and peasants demanded higher wages.
New social classes appeared.
51
After the black death, there were new social classes, what was the name of the owners of large areas of land
The gentry
52
When did parliament begin to develop
In the middleages as king’s council of advisers like noblemen and leaders of the church
53
When did the king’s power started to be limited?
In 1215
| King john was forced by his noblemen to agree to a number of demands
54
What was the great charter
A charter of rights called magna carta.
King john had to sign that in 1215.
Meant even the king was subject to the law and it protected the rights of the nobility, restricted king’s power to collect taxes or change laws
55
Who sieged in the different parliament
Nobility, great landowners and bishops in the house of Lords.
Knights and wealthy people from towns and cities in the house of commons
56
When did judges/ legal system appear
During middle age.
| Judges developped ‘common law’ by a process of precedence
57
By When did the english language became ‘official’
By 1400.
| Official documents were written in english and it became the preferred language of the royal court and parliament
58
Who wrote a series of peoms about people going to Canterbury on a pilgrimage?
Geoffrey Chaucer a bit before 1400
59
Who printed the first books in england
William Caxton.
| Printed the canterbury tales
60
One of the first poet to write in scots language
John Barbour who wrote The Bruce about the battle of Bannockburn
61
Castles built during middle ages which are not in ruins and still used
Windsor and Edinburgh
62
Great cathedral built during middle ages
Lincoln Cathedral and York Minster
63
Famous cathedral for its stained glass telling stories
York Minster
64
What was an important export during middle ages
English wool
65
During middle age lits of people cale to trade and work, what was their special skills
Weavers from france
Engineers from germany
Glass manufacturers from italy
Canal builders from holland
66
Which houses fought in the wars if the roses
House of Lancaster and House of york
67
Why was the wars if roses called that
Lancaster house: red rose
| York house: white rose
68
Who win the war of the roses?
In 1485 Henry Tudor (lancaster house) defeated King Richard 3 in the battle of Bosworth Field
69
Who did Henry Tudor married
King’s richard’s niece: Elisabeth of york.
| House of tudor changed their symbol with a white rose inside their red rose
70
What did King henry 7 did
He build the monarchy’s financial reserves as he was thrifty.
He is Henry Tudor who won wars of the roses
71
Why was Henry 8 Famous
For vreaking a ay from the church of Rome and marrying six times
72
Why did Henry 8 divorced his first wife
To marry someone younger who could give him a son
73
Six wives of Henry 8
```
Catherine of Aragon
Anne Boleyn
Jane Seymour
Anne of Cleves
Catherine Howard
Catherine Parr
```
74
Why did Henry 8 establish the Church of England
To break away from the Pope ‘s rule and have the power to appoint bishops and order how people should worship
75
What differianted protestants and catholic in the middle age
They read the bible in their own language instead of in latin.
Did not pray Saints or at shrines.
Believed that their own relationship to god was more important than submitting to the authority of the church
76
When did protestant ideas gained strength in England
During the 16th century
77
Name of the act under King Henry 8 which formally united wales with England
Act for the Governement of Wales.
| Welsh sent representatives to the house of Commons,
78
Henry 8 1st succession
Edward 6, protestant
79
Name of the book written to be used for the church during Edward 6 (son of Henry 8)
The book of Common Prayer
80
Why was Mary, daughter of henry 8 called bloody mary
Because she was a devour catholic znd persecuted protestant
81
What was Elisabeth 1 religion
Protestant
82
What made Elisabeth 1 one of the mist popular monarchs
After 1588 when english defeated Spanish Armada who wanted to restore Catholicism
83
When did scotland abolish the authority of the pope
In 1560 by parliament.
| Catholic services became illegal
84
Who was Mary queen of Scots
Elisabeth 1’s cousin
| She was catholic
85
Why did Mary queen of scots got executed
Elisabeth’s though she wanted her throne.
| Kept her 20 years prisoner before executing her
86
Commander of the defeat of the spanish armanda who founded the england’s naval tradition
Francis Drake
87
Ship of Francus drake who sail right around (circumnavigate)
Golden hind
88
Where was shakespear bornt
Stratford upon avon
89
What (types) was shakespeare famous for
Plays and poems
90
Famous plays from Shakespeare
A midsummer night’s dream
Hamlet
Macbeth
Romeo and Juliet
91
Who was the first play writer to portray ordinary people
Shakespeare
92
Famous quotes from shakespeares
Once more unto the breach (Henry 5)
To be or not to br (Hamlet)
A rose by any other name (romeo and juliet)
All the world’s a stage (as you like it)
The darling buds of May (sonnet 18 - shall I compare thee to a summer’s day)
93
Name of the theater in london which is a copy of the theaters in which shakespeare plays were performed
The globe theater
94
Who ruled after Elisabeth 1
James 6 of Scotland (son of Mary queen of scots), who became James 1 of England
95
Name of the bible translated under James 1
The King james bible.
| Still used by many protestants today
96
Predominant religion in Ireland during Henry7/8
Catholic
97
T/F henry 8 took the title ‘king of Ireland’
True
| English laws were introduced
98
What was plantations during Elisabeth 1 and James 1 reigns
The fact government encouraged scottish and england protestants to settle in Ireland and take over lands from Catholic landholders
99
Where was the first destination place for the plantations (where english protestants were encouraged to settle)
Ulster, northern province of Ireland
100
Who reigned after James 1
His son charles 1
101
Why did parliament and kings James 1, then Charles 1 disagreed
Kings believed in the ‘Divine Right of Kings’: directly appointed by God to rule.
102
Why was a scittish army built
King charles 1 tried to impose his Prayer book on the Presbytarian church in scotland.
They built their army against the king
103
When did king charles 1 asked funds to parliament after 11 years of ignoring them
In 1640, but most of parliament were Puritans (protestant), so they refused
104
Who are puritans
A group of protestants who advocate strict and simple religious doctrine and worship
105
Why did parliament demanded control of the english army under king Charles 1
Due to 2 rebellion:
Scot army against king charles 1 due to his religious beliefs he wanted to impose them.
Ireland started rebellion as well as the roman catholics in ireland were afraid of the growing power of the puritans
106
Why did king charles 1 entered the house of commons
To try to arrest five parliament leaders, following their demand to control the english army.
107
Why did civil war started
It started in 1642 due to conflicts between king Charles 1 and the parliament (especially after charled tried to arrest members of parliament)
108
Names of the different supportants between the civil war between charles 1 and the parliament
```
The cavaliers (supported the king)
The roundheads (supported parliament)
```
109
Important battles during the civil wars which Charles 1 lost
Battle of Marston moor and Naseby
110
When was it clear that the oarliamrnt won the civil war against charles 1?
1646
111
Why was King Charles 1 executed
Once he list, he still didn’t want to reach to an agreement with parlement and got executed in 1649
112
What happened to england after civil war
It became a republic called the commonwealth
113
Who was Oliver cromwell
A general if the english army
114
Why is Cromwell a controversial figure in Ireland
Because he established the authority of english parliament with lots of violance
115
What were the battles where general Cromwell defeated Charles 2 (son of King Charles 1)
Battles of Dunbar and Worcester
116
Why did scotland became controlled by parliament around 1650
The scots didn’t agree with Charles 1 execution and declared his son charles 2, king.
When charles 2 lost, they got controlled by the englush parliament
117
How did Charles 2 escaped and fled yo europe
By hiding on one occasion in an oak tree from a battle in Worcester
118
Why was Cromwell recognised as the leader of the new republic during the 17th century
For his victory in Ireland znd against Charles 2
119
What title did Cromwell get when he became the leader of the republic
Lord protector
120
Until when did Cromwell ruled
Until his death in 1658
121
After the civil war how long did britain stayed a republic
11 years
122
Why did parliament called back Charles 2
Richard son of Cromwell was unable to control government nor army, people wanted stability and talked about the need for a king
123
When did parliament invited charles back
In may 1660
124
Where was charles 2 in exile
In netherlands
125
Did parliament supported charles 2 policies
Yes
126
Which religious people where kept of power after Charles 2 became king
Roman Catholics and Puritans
127
When was the major outbreak of plague in london
In 1665, during charles 2 reign
128
When did the great fire in london happened
In 1666
129
After the great fire in london which destroy much of the city including Saint Paul’s Cathedral, who was the architect who designed thr new saint paul
Sir Christopher wren
130
Who wrote a diary about the plagues, great fire and rebuilt of london in the 17th century?
Samuel pepys.
| Still read today
131
When was the Habeas corpus act voted as law
In 1679
132
What does Habeas Corpus means
Latin for ‘you must present the person in court’
133
What does the Harbeas corpus act guarantees
No one could be held prisoner unlawfully.
| Every peisoner has a right to a court hearing
134
T/f king charles 2 was interested in science
True
135
Oldest surviving scientific society in the world
The Royal society
136
Under which king was the Royal Society formed
Under Charles 2. To promote natural knowledge
137
Early members of the Royal Society
Sir Edmund Halley
| Sir Isaac Newton
138
Who successfully predicted the return of a comet , which was then called his name’s comet
Sir Edmund Halley
139
Where was Newton born
In lincolnshire
140
Where did Newton studied
cambridge
141
Most famous published work from Isaac Newton
Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy)
142
What did newton discovered
Gravities applies to the whole universe
| White light is made up of the colours of the rainbows.
143
Who became king after Charles 2
His brother James 2 in 1685
144
Religion of King James 2
Roman catholic
145
What did James 2 did which was forbidden by parliament laws
Allowed Roman Catholics to be army officers
146
Why did people worried that king james 2 wanted to lake england catholic again
He arrested bishops of the church of england
147
Who was william of Orange
Husband and cousin of Mary, the eldest daughter if King james.
He was the protestant ruler of the netherlands
148
Why did important protestznts asked William of orange to invade england and proclaim him king
Because James 2 got a son, after 2 daughters (who were protestants), and they were afraid to have another catholic king as James 2 was catholic.
149
Whe mn did england asked william of orange to invade England and take the throne from King James 2
In 1688
150
Was there any restistance when william of Orange came to britain to take the throne of King James 2
No
151
Where did king james 2 fled
To france
152
King name of william of orange
William 3 in england, wales and ireland.
| William 2 in Scotland
153
What was called the period when William 3 of england and his wife Mary reigned
The glorious Revolution
154
Why was the Glorious revolution called like that
No fighting happened.
| Power of parliament was guaranteed.
155
Which battle did James 2 lost when trying to regain his throne
Battle of Boyne in 1690
156
Which battle event is still celebrated in northern ireland today
The battle of Boyne in 1690, where William defeated James 2
157
Which army helped James 2 to regain his throne
French army, through ireland but with no success
158
Where was an armed rebellion in support of James 2, quickly defeated by william
Killiecranckie
159
Which family was killed after William defeated rebellion in Scotland, because they were late in taking an oath to King William
The MacDonalds of Glencoe
160
Why did Scots ditrusted the new government during William 3
Because of the execution of the scottish clan: the MacDonalds of Glencoe
161
Name of the supporters of James 2
Jacobites
