history Flashcards
Western expansion
reasons?
profit motive, new land acquired, over population in east, ranching transportation improvements, industrial development.
Manifest Destiny
belief US should expand from Atlantic to pacific ocean.
homestead act
160 acres of settlers; own after 5 years of cultivation.
cattle boom
after civil war there were millions of wild cattle on plains around Texas.
Gold rush
Klondike gold rush
1896, gold was discovered in Alaska
impact of Transcontinental RR
allowed for easier transport of goods by raw material producers to urban markets
Inventions
barbed wire?
ended cattle drives
windmill
helped increase productivity.
steel plows
increased farmers efficiency on great plains
plight of the farmers- issued on great plains
falling prices for crops, shrinking money supply, repayment of loans, high shipping prices
population party
platform?
movement that gave complaints of mostly western farmers
collapse
McKinley won election of 1896 marketing an end of the movement
gold standard
definition?
backing US dollars w gold
Bimetallism
backing US dollars w gold and silver
Indians
assimilation?
to blend into a culture
Dawes act
160 acres for Indians to “Americanize” to maintain culture
Early immigration
1st wave?
northwest Europe
2nd wave?
southern & eastern Europe
Sherman Anti- Trust Act
monopolies illegal
Pendleton Civil service act
allowed a commition to make political appointments through ment system
Andrew Carnegie
wealthy steel tycoon
John D. Rockefeller
wealthy oil tycoon
trusts?
monopoly
vertical integration
organization that controls all operations
horizontal integration
combination of corporations engaged in the same type of business
interstate commerce commission
5 member committee established to supervise RR activity
inventions- Besseman process
made production of steel more economical & removed higher levels of importunes
political bosses/machines
city governments were run by corrupt leaders. machines often provided jobs & other services to immigrants/poor
tammany hall
political machine controlled by boss tweed in NYC
graft
use of political influence for personal gain
social gospel
preached salvation through service to the poor
Jane Addams
founded of hull house established to help immigrants/poor
woman’s suffrage
leader?
goal?
leader- Susan B. Anthony
goal- woman’s rights to vote
industrial growth factors
abundant natural resources & improved transportation
problems in cities
lack of sanitation, overcrowding, high crime rates
how the other half live by Jacob Riis
brought awareness to poor living conditions in cities
Nativism
Favoritism toward native-born citizens
Laissez Faire
less government regulation of business
labor unions
methods: strikes, boycotts, protests
American Federation Of Labor
becomes the voice for skilled laborers
Knights of labor
first big national labor organization
Haymarket Square
Protestors tossed bomb at police starting a riot
child labor
20% of boys under 15-10% of girls under 15 ( some as yound as 5 years old) held full time jobs. most had to drop out of school to support family
immigrants
reasons for immigration?
economic, political freedom, religious freedom
chinese exclusion act
act effect was to ban most chinese immigrants from coming to the US
inventions
telephone
