History 102 Content Questions Flashcards
During the Second Industrial Revolution, what were 5 reasons the U.S experienced Fantastic economic growth?
1.plentiful natural resources
2. Expanding market
3. Growing labor supply
4. Capital
5. Friendly federal government.
What was the second Industrial Revolution made possible by? What did that thing do?
The railroad; opened new areas for production and new markets, developed time zones, encouraged national brands vital to national economy
What were important innovations during this time.
The Atlantic cable, the phonograph, the motion picture camera, batteries, the telephone, trolleys, the typewriter, handheld cameras
What do trusts do?
Rival companies under the leadership of a single director.
Who was Andrew Carnegie
U.S immigrant of humble origins. Vertically integrated steel company, all modes of production controlled by one company. Carnegie dominated the steel industry by the 1890s.
Who was John D. Rockefeller
A man of humble beginnings he began to buy out rival oil companies “horizontal expansion“ followed Carnegies, vertical expansion model. By the 1880s Rockefeller control 90% of the nations oil industry.
Explain how it was to have a job during the gilded age.
Skilled workers could secure higher wages
Most workers were unskilled and received very low wages
Long hours, no benefits or protections
Dangerous working conditions
Explain the difference between how the rich and the poor lived during the Gilded Age
The richest 1% owns more properties in the other 99% of people
A growing middle class creates new urban and suburban neighborhoods.
What was the logical conclusion of free labor?
The homestead act of 1862
What is monoculture?
Monoculture is the growing of a single crop on the farm
Explain farming on the border
Farmers became more dependent on purchased goods and loans to purchase those goods farmers became vulnerable to economic fluctuations with an extremely diverse population
What becomes the agriculture during the Gilded Age?
Wheat and corn farming
What does the US become a great producer of?
Wheat and food
How does economic depression affect the price of farm products?
It pushes them down steadily
How did the lifestyle of the plains Indians Change over the course of the Gilded Age
They went from foot to horse
Horses and Buffalo central to the culture and economy
As boundary stretched for the Indians, what follows
The Navajo long walk and new peace policies
How did the US Army devastate the Indians
They use Civil War tactics
What happens after reconstruction in the south?
Southern states sponsor racism
Do southern states restrict the black vote
Yes
How did southern states restrict the black vote?
Poll tax, literacy tests, competency tests,
What gave the south the licensure to segregation
Plessy V Ferguson
What is lynching?
Torturing someone to death through “stay in your place” means.
Who is Booker T. Washington?
A black leader, who in 1895, gave a speech at the Atlanta cotton expo. He urged the black Americans to adjust to segregation. He also states that farms and skilled jobs are more important than civil rights.
Explain the woman’s era
Women were still denied the right to vote, although they attain for more economic independence.
They played a far greater role in public life
Arguments for suffrage aligned with Racial norms of the day
What is American imperialism?
The Spanish, American war
How did the Spanish American war happen?
Spanish tactics offend Americans after the Cuban war of Independence flares up again on February 15, 1898 the USS Main blew up and sank in Havana Harbor. McKinley asked for war, and what ensued was the battle of Manila bay and the battle of Santiago bay
Why did Theodore Roosevelt become a national hero during the Spanish American war?
For his charge up San Juan hill
Explain the Filipino war.
In 1888 the US annex Hawaii and acquires the Philippines, Puerto Rico and Guam.
Filipinos turned against the US
McKinley decided to keep the islands
When did new immigration from southern and eastern Europe peak?
During the progressive era
What did the Chinese exclusion act do?
Bars, new immigration from China
Japanese immigrate in small numbers
How much of the Mexican population immigrated to the US during the time period from 1900 to 1930
10% of the population numbering at 1 million Mexicans
Who was Henry Ford?
He established Ford Motor Company in 1905 his industry and business practice allows cars to be distributed to commonwealth people
How did the moving assembly line affect Fords product?
Ford cut cost on many things like tires and spokes on the wheel
What is the progressive era?
Nationalization of American life
How did national progressivism work?
National corporations dominate the economy, national organizers, organized to increase income and status
national social problems
Progressives believe in a national solution
national government
Who was Theodore Roosevelt? And what did he do?
He is a conservationist
He became the youngest president at 42 years old
Is actively involved in foreign and domestic affairs
He pushed for more federal regulation of the economy 
What is the square deal?
States there is good and bad corporations 
Who is William Howard Taft?
He was the chosen successor of Roosevelt
He was even worse Trust buster than Roosevelt
Fired Gifford Pinchot
Roosevelt formed the progressive party
Explain the election of 1912
It was a four-way contest between Taft, Eugene, V Debs, Woodrow Wilson, and Roosevelt
Explain the Monroe doctrine resurgence
Monroe doctrine was best known for its western hemisphere policy stating that European powers were obligated to respect the western hemisphere as the United States’ sphere of interest.
Progressive presidents used this doctrine to invade Latin America in 1905
The Panama Canal
The Roosevelt corollary – Columbia refuse to secede the land
Roosevelt then set a revolution of people who wanted the Canal
once panama gains independence they allowed the US to own the canal land and build a canal
When the canal was completed the canal cut 8000 miles off the trip from the east to the west coast.
The banana economy…
Dominating becomes a huge business during this time.
What is President Wilson’s moral imperialism?
American business profits equals foreign democracy
Actually resulted in more military intervention
Wilson intervened in the Mexican civil war US were treated as invaders
What is the decade of prosperity?
Begins with a sharp recession
New industries come about
Aviation is an industry now
Factories adopted Fords, moving assembly line
US produce 40% of the worlds goods
Automobiles are key to economic growth
By 1929 85% of the worlds cars came from America 50% of US families had a car. From this, what industries grow?
Individual transportation of goods road construction, gravel production become huge deals
What was critical to consumerism?
Advertising
Women’s suffrage
When women get rights to vote it splits up all groups because they didn’t have a unifying goal
Division for women’s movements
Motherhood, individual autonomy, and the right to work
What did the equal rights amendment do?
Constitutional amendment that was promoted
Supposed to remove any, and all differences between men and women
Every major feminist organization, except the national woman’s party, opposed it
Is World War I a divisive issue with the US, why?
Yes, due to different mother countries,
feminists, pacifists, and social reformers
What did Wilson declare during the great war?
Neutrality
What did naval circumstances guarantee during the great war?
US involvement
Who did businessman and bankers back during the great war
The British
During the great war, Wilson was pro…
British
What happens in April 1917
Wilson asks for war to fight against the Germans
What did the 14 points set the agenda for?
The next year’s peace, Congress
What happens in spring of 1918
American troops arrive en masse
What could World War I have done to the women’s suffrage Movement
Could’ve destroyed it, but it didn’t
Describe women during the great war
Most women suffrage leader supported the war efforts
New generations of college educated activists
Alice Paul was leader
She used scandalous tactics like chaining herself to the White House fence
Why was the 19th amendment quick to be ratified in 1920
When Alice Paul was in prison, she encouraged many other women prisoners to go on a food strike
Due to this food, strike guards were forced to force feed these women which led to harsh political opinions being projected at them leading the amendment to be ratified, because of how the prisoners were being treated
Explain prohibition during the Great War
New strength and vitality during the progressive era
Employers urban reformers women and protestants tended to support prohibition contracts.
How did World War I aid in the prohibition movement
Beer was unpatriotic because of German breweries
Green was needed for food not alcohol
What did the 18th amendment do?
Prohibits the manufacturing and sale of intoxicating liquor
How did World War I affect black Americans?
It did little for black Americans
Racial discrimination continued in the nation, even the presidency
What is the Niagara movement?
Reinvigorate the abolitionist movement leading to in 1909 the national Association for the advancement of colored people witch strive to enforce the 14th and 15th amendments
Unfortunately, little progress was made toward racial justice
Explain the great migration
During World War I, there’s an increase in production when blacks and whites move north more whites move north than blacks, but due to the north, having more jobs people moved up
What is the result of the great migration?
What does simultaneous dropping immigration as US produces more stuff to meet demands. The workers were not there.
This resulted in thousands of manufacturing jobs to open up for Black labor, yet it was still normal for manufactures to exclude blacks
Were blacks using the great migration as a second emancipation
Yes
What were the disappointments of the great migration?
Restricted employment
Rigid segregationist
Excluded from unions
Explain strikes and communists
This is an era were communism is a real thing union strike used as a common tool for better conditions. It is important to note that the tactics that these strikers used were nativism to appeal to the native born workers with anti-immigration sentiments.
Explain the first red scare
Sparked by steel strikes
Short-lived
Political intolerance time period In the US.
Who is General Mitchell a Palmer
He carried search warrants that were very broad over 5000 people were arrested without warrants, which is very unconstitutional mean he held for months without charges
President, Wilson, and the treaty of Versailles
End of World War I has a huge impact on Europe in the US president. Wilson attends Versailles to pushes for 14 point plan
He turned out to not be as good of a debater as his French and English friends were
What was one of the biggest points out of the 14 points that Wilson pushed
No more secret treaties
What else did the 14 points call for
Self-determination and the league of nations
President Wilson, in the treaty of Versailles, part two
He failed to push his 14 points. The treaty of Versailles was a harshly, oppressive document, German territory ceded
German army and navy restricted
Germany blame for war
Germany forced to pay massive reparations
Explain the growth of civil liberties
After WWI US government became more conservative
Explain postwar censorship
Postal Service could sensor many things if they deemed obscene in Boston books would be censored
Repression
Censorship
“Banned in Boston”
What is the Hayes code?
Firm industries, self-imposed restriction
What was banned according to hays code?
Nudity
Long kisses
Clergy negatively
Adultery
What is the ACLU?
American Civil Liberties Union
Grows into a powerful voice for civil liberties
Explain fundamentalist Christianity
Discuss the literal truth of the Bible
Fundamentalists come up around this time going back to the basics
Why was there a campaign to counter modernism?
Because modernism is destructive to Christianity
Explain the second KKK
Americans were obsessed with the 100% Americanism idea
The klu klux klan reemerged as a nation wide organization with deep roots in west and north. It was predominantly anti-catholic and antisemitic.
Harlem…
The great migration
Harlem equals the capital of black America with jazz clubs, dance halls and speakeasies
There is also widespread poverty
What is the Harlem renaissance?
Vibrant, black, cultural community
Countee Cullen Langston Hughes Claude Mccay
Black values black experience
Protest
“If we must die”
What happens on black Thursday?
The stock market crashes in five hours over $10 billion simply disappears
What is the open door policy
In 1899 open door policy, US demand that European people grant access to Chinese markets
