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History 102 Midterm > History 102 Content Questions > Flashcards

History 102 Content Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

During the Second Industrial Revolution, what were 5 reasons the U.S experienced Fantastic economic growth?

A

1.plentiful natural resources
2. Expanding market
3. Growing labor supply
4. Capital
5. Friendly federal government.

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2
Q

What was the second Industrial Revolution made possible by? What did that thing do?

A

The railroad; opened new areas for production and new markets, developed time zones, encouraged national brands vital to national economy

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3
Q

What were important innovations during this time.

A

The Atlantic cable, the phonograph, the motion picture camera, batteries, the telephone, trolleys, the typewriter, handheld cameras

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4
Q

What do trusts do?

A

Rival companies under the leadership of a single director.

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5
Q

Who was Andrew Carnegie

A

U.S immigrant of humble origins. Vertically integrated steel company, all modes of production controlled by one company. Carnegie dominated the steel industry by the 1890s.

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6
Q

Who was John D. Rockefeller

A

A man of humble beginnings he began to buy out rival oil companies “horizontal expansion“ followed Carnegies, vertical expansion model. By the 1880s Rockefeller control 90% of the nations oil industry.

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7
Q

Explain how it was to have a job during the gilded age.

A

Skilled workers could secure higher wages
Most workers were unskilled and received very low wages
Long hours, no benefits or protections
Dangerous working conditions

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8
Q

Explain the difference between how the rich and the poor lived during the Gilded Age

A

The richest 1% owns more properties in the other 99% of people
A growing middle class creates new urban and suburban neighborhoods.

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9
Q

What was the logical conclusion of free labor?

A

The homestead act of 1862

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10
Q

What is monoculture?

A

Monoculture is the growing of a single crop on the farm

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11
Q

Explain farming on the border

A

Farmers became more dependent on purchased goods and loans to purchase those goods farmers became vulnerable to economic fluctuations with an extremely diverse population

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12
Q

What becomes the agriculture during the Gilded Age?

A

Wheat and corn farming

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13
Q

What does the US become a great producer of?

A

Wheat and food

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14
Q

How does economic depression affect the price of farm products?

A

It pushes them down steadily

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15
Q

How did the lifestyle of the plains Indians Change over the course of the Gilded Age

A

They went from foot to horse
Horses and Buffalo central to the culture and economy

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16
Q

As boundary stretched for the Indians, what follows

A

The Navajo long walk and new peace policies

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17
Q

How did the US Army devastate the Indians

A

They use Civil War tactics

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18
Q

What happens after reconstruction in the south?

A

Southern states sponsor racism

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19
Q

Do southern states restrict the black vote

A

Yes

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20
Q

How did southern states restrict the black vote?

A

Poll tax, literacy tests, competency tests,

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21
Q

What gave the south the licensure to segregation

A

Plessy V Ferguson

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22
Q

What is lynching?

A

Torturing someone to death through “stay in your place” means.

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23
Q

Who is Booker T. Washington?

A

A black leader, who in 1895, gave a speech at the Atlanta cotton expo. He urged the black Americans to adjust to segregation. He also states that farms and skilled jobs are more important than civil rights.

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24
Q

Explain the woman’s era

A

Women were still denied the right to vote, although they attain for more economic independence.
They played a far greater role in public life
Arguments for suffrage aligned with Racial norms of the day

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25
Q

What is American imperialism?

A

The Spanish, American war

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26
Q

How did the Spanish American war happen?

A

Spanish tactics offend Americans after the Cuban war of Independence flares up again on February 15, 1898 the USS Main blew up and sank in Havana Harbor. McKinley asked for war, and what ensued was the battle of Manila bay and the battle of Santiago bay

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27
Q

Why did Theodore Roosevelt become a national hero during the Spanish American war?

A

For his charge up San Juan hill

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28
Q

Explain the Filipino war.

A

In 1888 the US annex Hawaii and acquires the Philippines, Puerto Rico and Guam.
Filipinos turned against the US
McKinley decided to keep the islands

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29
Q

When did new immigration from southern and eastern Europe peak?

A

During the progressive era

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30
Q

What did the Chinese exclusion act do?

A

Bars, new immigration from China
Japanese immigrate in small numbers

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31
Q

How much of the Mexican population immigrated to the US during the time period from 1900 to 1930

A

10% of the population numbering at 1 million Mexicans

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32
Q

Who was Henry Ford?

A

He established Ford Motor Company in 1905 his industry and business practice allows cars to be distributed to commonwealth people

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33
Q

How did the moving assembly line affect Fords product?

A

Ford cut cost on many things like tires and spokes on the wheel

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34
Q

What is the progressive era?

A

Nationalization of American life

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35
Q

How did national progressivism work?

A

National corporations dominate the economy, national organizers, organized to increase income and status
national social problems
Progressives believe in a national solution
national government

36
Q

Who was Theodore Roosevelt? And what did he do?

A

He is a conservationist
He became the youngest president at 42 years old
Is actively involved in foreign and domestic affairs
He pushed for more federal regulation of the economy 

37
Q

What is the square deal?

A

States there is good and bad corporations 

38
Q

Who is William Howard Taft?

A

He was the chosen successor of Roosevelt
He was even worse Trust buster than Roosevelt
Fired Gifford Pinchot
Roosevelt formed the progressive party

39
Q

Explain the election of 1912

A

It was a four-way contest between Taft, Eugene, V Debs, Woodrow Wilson, and Roosevelt

40
Q

Explain the Monroe doctrine resurgence

A

Monroe doctrine was best known for its western hemisphere policy stating that European powers were obligated to respect the western hemisphere as the United States’ sphere of interest.
Progressive presidents used this doctrine to invade Latin America in 1905

41
Q

The Panama Canal

A

The Roosevelt corollary – Columbia refuse to secede the land
Roosevelt then set a revolution of people who wanted the Canal
once panama gains independence they allowed the US to own the canal land and build a canal
When the canal was completed the canal cut 8000 miles off the trip from the east to the west coast.

42
Q

The banana economy…

A

Dominating becomes a huge business during this time.

43
Q

What is President Wilson’s moral imperialism?

A

American business profits equals foreign democracy
Actually resulted in more military intervention
Wilson intervened in the Mexican civil war US were treated as invaders

44
Q

What is the decade of prosperity?

A

Begins with a sharp recession
New industries come about
Aviation is an industry now
Factories adopted Fords, moving assembly line
US produce 40% of the worlds goods
Automobiles are key to economic growth

45
Q

By 1929 85% of the worlds cars came from America 50% of US families had a car. From this, what industries grow?

A

Individual transportation of goods road construction, gravel production become huge deals

46
Q

What was critical to consumerism?

A

Advertising

47
Q

Women’s suffrage

A

When women get rights to vote it splits up all groups because they didn’t have a unifying goal
Division for women’s movements
Motherhood, individual autonomy, and the right to work

48
Q

What did the equal rights amendment do?

A

Constitutional amendment that was promoted
Supposed to remove any, and all differences between men and women
Every major feminist organization, except the national woman’s party, opposed it

49
Q

Is World War I a divisive issue with the US, why?

A

Yes, due to different mother countries,
feminists, pacifists, and social reformers

50
Q

What did Wilson declare during the great war?

A

Neutrality

51
Q

What did naval circumstances guarantee during the great war?

A

US involvement

52
Q

Who did businessman and bankers back during the great war

A

The British

53
Q

During the great war, Wilson was pro…

A

British

54
Q

What happens in April 1917

A

Wilson asks for war to fight against the Germans

55
Q

What did the 14 points set the agenda for?

A

The next year’s peace, Congress

56
Q

What happens in spring of 1918

A

American troops arrive en masse

57
Q

What could World War I have done to the women’s suffrage Movement

A

Could’ve destroyed it, but it didn’t

58
Q

Describe women during the great war

A

Most women suffrage leader supported the war efforts
New generations of college educated activists
Alice Paul was leader
She used scandalous tactics like chaining herself to the White House fence

59
Q

Why was the 19th amendment quick to be ratified in 1920

A

When Alice Paul was in prison, she encouraged many other women prisoners to go on a food strike
Due to this food, strike guards were forced to force feed these women which led to harsh political opinions being projected at them leading the amendment to be ratified, because of how the prisoners were being treated

60
Q

Explain prohibition during the Great War

A

New strength and vitality during the progressive era
Employers urban reformers women and protestants tended to support prohibition contracts.

61
Q

How did World War I aid in the prohibition movement

A

Beer was unpatriotic because of German breweries
Green was needed for food not alcohol

62
Q

What did the 18th amendment do?

A

Prohibits the manufacturing and sale of intoxicating liquor

63
Q

How did World War I affect black Americans?

A

It did little for black Americans
Racial discrimination continued in the nation, even the presidency

64
Q

What is the Niagara movement?

A

Reinvigorate the abolitionist movement leading to in 1909 the national Association for the advancement of colored people witch strive to enforce the 14th and 15th amendments
Unfortunately, little progress was made toward racial justice

65
Q

Explain the great migration

A

During World War I, there’s an increase in production when blacks and whites move north more whites move north than blacks, but due to the north, having more jobs people moved up

66
Q

What is the result of the great migration?

A

What does simultaneous dropping immigration as US produces more stuff to meet demands. The workers were not there.
This resulted in thousands of manufacturing jobs to open up for Black labor, yet it was still normal for manufactures to exclude blacks

67
Q

Were blacks using the great migration as a second emancipation

A

Yes

68
Q

What were the disappointments of the great migration?

A

Restricted employment
Rigid segregationist
Excluded from unions

69
Q

Explain strikes and communists

A

This is an era were communism is a real thing union strike used as a common tool for better conditions. It is important to note that the tactics that these strikers used were nativism to appeal to the native born workers with anti-immigration sentiments.

70
Q

Explain the first red scare

A

Sparked by steel strikes
Short-lived
Political intolerance time period In the US.

71
Q

Who is General Mitchell a Palmer

A

He carried search warrants that were very broad over 5000 people were arrested without warrants, which is very unconstitutional mean he held for months without charges

72
Q

President, Wilson, and the treaty of Versailles

A

End of World War I has a huge impact on Europe in the US president. Wilson attends Versailles to pushes for 14 point plan
He turned out to not be as good of a debater as his French and English friends were

73
Q

What was one of the biggest points out of the 14 points that Wilson pushed

A

No more secret treaties

74
Q

What else did the 14 points call for

A

Self-determination and the league of nations

75
Q

President Wilson, in the treaty of Versailles, part two

A

He failed to push his 14 points. The treaty of Versailles was a harshly, oppressive document, German territory ceded
German army and navy restricted
Germany blame for war
Germany forced to pay massive reparations

76
Q

Explain the growth of civil liberties

A

After WWI US government became more conservative

77
Q

Explain postwar censorship

A

Postal Service could sensor many things if they deemed obscene in Boston books would be censored
Repression
Censorship
“Banned in Boston”

78
Q

What is the Hayes code?

A

Firm industries, self-imposed restriction

79
Q

What was banned according to hays code?

A

Nudity
Long kisses
Clergy negatively
Adultery

80
Q

What is the ACLU?

A

American Civil Liberties Union
Grows into a powerful voice for civil liberties

81
Q

Explain fundamentalist Christianity

A

Discuss the literal truth of the Bible
Fundamentalists come up around this time going back to the basics

82
Q

Why was there a campaign to counter modernism?

A

Because modernism is destructive to Christianity

83
Q

Explain the second KKK

A

Americans were obsessed with the 100% Americanism idea
The klu klux klan reemerged as a nation wide organization with deep roots in west and north. It was predominantly anti-catholic and antisemitic.

84
Q

Harlem…

A

The great migration
Harlem equals the capital of black America with jazz clubs, dance halls and speakeasies
There is also widespread poverty

85
Q

What is the Harlem renaissance?

A

Vibrant, black, cultural community
Countee Cullen Langston Hughes Claude Mccay
Black values black experience
Protest
“If we must die”

86
Q

What happens on black Thursday?

A

The stock market crashes in five hours over $10 billion simply disappears

87
Q

What is the open door policy

A

In 1899 open door policy, US demand that European people grant access to Chinese markets

History 102 Midterm (2 decks)

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