Histort 1

Question 1

a Renaissance cultural movement which turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought.

Answer 1

Humanism

Question 2

the principle of separation of the state from religious institutions.

Answer 2

Secularism

Question 3

a social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control.

Answer 3

Individualism

Question 4

Plilosophy was
Leaders should be feared rather than loved, “if you cannot be both”, in order to avoid a revolt. Leaders should have the support of the people because it’s difficult to take action without their support. Leaders should hold good virtues.

Answer 4

machiavelli

Question 5

was a system in which people were given land and protection by people of higher rank, and worked and fought for them in return.

Answer 5

Feudalism

Question 6

a scholar who laid the foundations for Renaissance humanism, which emphasized the study of Classical authors from antiquity over the Scholastic thinkers of the Middle Ages.

Answer 6

Petrarch

Question 7

a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.

Answer 7

Hierarchy

Question 8

a fundamental change in approach or underlying assumptions in regards to historical events

Answer 8

Paradigm Shift

Question 9

The three levels within society that included the nobility, clergy, and ervyone else

Answer 9

Estates

Question 10

Is a political, economic, and social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were rendered dependent on their land and on their lord.

Answer 10

Manorialism

Question 11

a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium, thereby transferring the ink.

Answer 11

Printing Press

Question 12

Embraced the humanistic belief in an individual’s capacity for self-improvement and the fundamental role of education in raising human beings above the level of brute animals.

Answer 12

Erasmus

Question 13

supreme power or authority.

Answer 13

Sovereignty

Question 14

a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.

Answer 14

Bureaucracy

Question 15

was King of France from 1610 until his death in 1643 and King of Navarre

Answer 15

Louis XIII

Question 16

a French clergyman, nobleman, and statesman, serving as King Louis XIII’s Chief Minister, who created policy involved two primary goals: centralization of power in France and opposition to the Habsburg dynasty

Answer 16

Richelieu

Question 17

was a series of civil wars in France between 1648 and 1653, occurring in the midst of the Franco-Spanish War, which represented the final attempt of the French nobility to do battle with the king

Answer 17

The Fronde

Question 18

King who centralized power in the monarchy and reigned over a period of unprecedented prosperity in which France became the dominant power in Europe

Answer 18

Luois XIV

Question 19

Was a court that helped manage the affairs of the state, often consisting only of the nobility

Answer 19

Parlements

Question 20

was the oldest parlement in the Kingdom of France, formed in the 13th century, and was fixed in Paris

Answer 20

Parlement of Paris

Question 21

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

Answer 21

Propaganda

Question 22

The capital of France, and the home to the royal family and much of the nobility, often imployed by Louis XIV to help keep his power in check

Answer 22

Versailles

Question 23

Another name for Louis XIV

Answer 23

Sun King

Question 24

The act of using God’s will as justification to a monarch’s rule

Answer 24

Divine Right

Question 25

argued that all persons are endowed with natural rights to life, liberty, and property, natuure vs nurture point of view

Answer 25

Locke

Question 26

was an advocate for free speech, and a stonch opponent of the clergy and nobility

Answer 26

Voltaire

Question 27

a belief or practice resulting from ignorance, fear of the unknown, trust in magic or chance, or a false conception of causation

Answer 27

Superstition

Question 28

a cause, explanation, or justification for an action or event.

Answer 28

Reason

Question 29

a body of unchanging moral principles regarded as a basis for all human conduct.

Answer 29

Natural Laws

Question 30

something held as an established opinion, often reinforced by a governing body

Answer 30

Dogma

Question 31

believed modern man's enslavement to his own needs was responsible for all sorts of societal ills, from exploitation and domination of others to poor self-esteem and depression. Believed that good government must have the freedom of all its citizens as its most fundamental objective.

Answer 31

Rousseau

Question 32

believed that the main purpose of government is to maintain law and order, political liberty, and the property of the individual

Answer 32

Montesquieu

Question 33

a passionate advocate of educational and social equality for women

Answer 33

Wollstonecraft

Question 34

an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits

Answer 34

social contract

Question 35

is the will of the people as a whole

Answer 35

General Will

Question 36

where a group, organization, government, is split into two or more smaller groups with differing and often opposing opinions or interests

Answer 36

Factionalism

Question 37

the belief that all knowledge comes from experience or perception

Answer 37

Tabula Rasa

Question 38

The division of a state's government into branches, each with separate, independent powers and responsibilities

Answer 38

Separation of Powers

Question 39

where separate branches of government are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are required to share power

Answer 39

Checks and Balances

Question 40

Believed that everyone is born naturally greedy but learn to behave through social education

Answer 40

Hobbes