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Fascism And Anti-Fascism > Historiogrpahy > Flashcards

Historiogrpahy Flashcards

1
Q

Matthew Worley (New Party)

A

NP conversion to fascism/ BUF not inevitable due to members going down different paths. Mosley became more extreme and party drifted to Fascism. (2007)

Whiff of fascism for NP gestation (2010)

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2
Q

Steven Woodbridge (New Party)

A

Fascism existed within NP in an embryonic form (particularly economics) but transformation to fully fascism in spring 1932.

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3
Q

Robert Skidlesky (New Party)

A

Intellectual influences e.g. Keynesian economics. NP responds to economic crisis, not explicitly fascist. Mosley’s fascism develops later.

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4
Q

Nigel Copsey (New Party)

A

NP was proto-fascist and Mosley influenced by Italian fascism.

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5
Q

Julie Gottlieb (Women in BUF)

A

Gender as a framework to examine women who are often marginalised. Women joind of their own accord, they had agency and in the BUF had genuine opportunities and leadership roles.

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6
Q

Martin Durham (Women and BUF)

A

Rivalry within movement over role of women and no unified view on gender.

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7
Q

D.S. Lewis (Women and BUF)

A

BUF predominantly anti-feminist with little space of women’s. Evidenced through male leadership and segregation. Criticised by Gottlieb as tunnel vision.

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8
Q

Brian Simpson (Internment)

A

Questioned legality of 18B (1a).

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9
Q

Jennifer Grant (Internment)

A

Legal historian. Internment justified as it decapitated fascism.

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10
Q

Nigel Copsey (anti-fascism)

A

Broad definition. Believes anti-fascism included passive forms such as intellectual fascism and did not have to be actively engages. Far more anti-fascists than fascists.

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11
Q

Dave Renton (Anti-fascism)

A

Narrow definition. Believes anti-fascism involves direct action. Rejects intellectual anti-fascism or passive anti-fascism as simply non-fascist.

Activism and organisation

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12
Q

Stephen Cullen (Violence)

A

Not built into BUF and came mainly from anti-fascist organisations. Evidence of premeditated violence against rivals and issue of provocation through antisemitism.

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13
Q

Daniel Tilles (Violence)

A

Initially BUF suppressed violence for respectability and it was initially defensive. As the movement got more unpopular it grew more violent. Olympia violence created repulsion and a deterioration in support.

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14
Q

Julie Gottlieb (Violence)

A

The aestheticization of brutality

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15
Q

G. C. Webber (Membership)

A

Uses HO files and BUF records. London= fascist stronghold 50% of membership, followed by Yorkshire, Lancashire, and south/southeast. Peak membership in 1934 (Rothermer effect)= 50,000. Falls to 5,000 in 1935. Slight uptick in 1936 and revival in 1939. Centres around East End. (1984)

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16
Q

Tony Collins (Masculinity)

A

BUF= a masculine movement aiming to appeal to ideals of manhood. Created a cultural construction of manliness linked to militarism. Saw country as effeminate and needing ‘manly’ solutions.

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17
Q

Julie Gottlieb (Masculinity)

A

Infatuation with body in fascism. Used in sport and constructions of masculine strength to set movement apart. Sport and physical education equally important to political experience and became part of fascist spectacle.

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18
Q

Liam Liburd (Masculinity)

A

BUF used imperial Masculinity which defined itself against non-white men, portraying them as effeminate and the ‘white man’ as the physical ideal.

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19
Q

Thomas Linehan (Antisemitism)

A

British antisemitism rooted in conspiracy and interlinked with cultural, religious and economic. Jewish migration to East end was destabilising which enhanced appeal of BUF propaganda.

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20
Q

Tony Kushner (antisemitism)

A

British antisemitism= Liberal discourse predominantly assimilationist but frameworks vary to include all kinds up to and including genocidal.

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21
Q

Colin Holmes (antisemitism)

A

Mainstream society rejected overt antisemitism.

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22
Q

Todd Endelmann (antisemitism)

A

Anti-jewish hysteria heightened during war.

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23
Q

Dan Stone (antisemitism)

A

Most were apathetic to Jewish persecution.

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24
Q

Louise London (Refugees)

A

Jews expected to assimilate. More could have been done but chose not to due to antisemitism. Prior to 1939 refugee crisis was left to charities. 1939 saw start of hybridisation.

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25
Q

Andrea Hammel (refugees)

A

Britain was alone in increasing intake of Jewish refugees.

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26
Q

Sharon Gerwitz (anglo-jewery)

A

Conflict between BoD who wanted Jews to lie low and those who wanted direct action.

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27
Q

Gisela Libzelter (anglo-Jewery)

A

Dichotomy between passive, low profile approach of BoD and elites contrasted with confrontation anti-fascism of working-class community. (1978)

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28
Q

David Cesarani (anglo-Jewery)

A

Emergence of fascism split anglo-Jewish community.

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29
Q

Daniel Tilles (anglo-Jewery)

A

After 1936 the ango-Jewish Community became more united fighting fascism. (2016).

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30
Q

J. M. Hogan (Mass Observation)

A

MO wanted to give voice to the voiceless and show ordinary people had an interest in current affairs.

31
Q

Roger Griffin (WWI)

A

War played a major role in the crystallisation of fascism into a distinct revolutionary tradition. Intensified ultra-nationalism and social darwinism, promoted militarization, legitimised state intervention and dramatised feelings of social decay and societal collapse.

32
Q

Richard Thurlow (WWI)

A

Fascism was born out of the war because it created a lot of issues. Mosley’s fascism came out of anger bred in the trenches and turned on the political system which he aimed to change. Aimed to become a spokesman for the lost generation.

33
Q

Michael Newman (Popular Front)

A

Failed due to labour vsm communist conflict. Labour based resistance on democratic forms which were incompatible with communism.

34
Q

Martin Ceadel (Anti-war / peace movements)

A

Peace movement split in 1936.

35
Q

Richard Griffiths (Anti-war / peace movements)

A

BU peace movement just an ‘anti-this-war’ movement.

36
Q

Richard Thurlow (Home Office Files)

A

Release of Gov docs helped explain rolebof secret agencies. Contributed to revisionist history. Helps explain/ understand gov. Threat perception but often based on preconceptions over fact.

Fascism a fringe movement but considerable concern identified in HO files.

37
Q

John Hope (Home Office Files)

A

Use HO files to draw connections between BF and the Radical Right

38
Q

Walter Benjamin (culture)

A

Fascism as the aestheticization of politics explicit connections between fascist style, aesthetic and politics.

39
Q

Roger Griffin (culture)

A

The primacy of culture. Cultural turn and the new consensus, Links to understanding fascism in its own terms. Palingenesis.

40
Q

Julie Gottlieb (culture)

A

BUF not merely a party. Had own entertainment industry and leadership cult

41
Q

Dave Renton (culture)

A

Criticises cultural turn

42
Q

Jakub Dabrik (culture)

A

Fascism less an ideology and more a faith. Idea of civic religion and symbols to spread fascist ideology. Enthusiasm and creativity for a fascist cause.

43
Q

A. J. P. Taylor (appeasement)

A

Revisionist. War caused by Chamberlain’s interventionist but he could not have known what Hitler was planning.

44
Q

Alan Foster (appeasement)

A

Mainstream press supported appeasement and influences chamberlain.

45
Q

Neville Parker (appeasement)

A

Chamberlain ignored advice of colleagues

46
Q

R. A. C. Thompson (appeasement)

A

Glamour boys dussent not substantial, still fair support for policy.

47
Q

David Dilks (appeasement)

A

Chamberlain’s diaries demonstrated lots of support for appeasement from women

48
Q

Dan Stone (proto-fascism and eugenics)

A

Ideas existed before the movements throught the Radical Right.

49
Q

Martin Pugh (proto-fascism and eugenics)

A

Britain and pre-fascist tradition. No inevitability in fascism failing.

50
Q

Peter Davies (proto-fascism and eugenics)

A

Proto-fascism tends to usher in active fascist movements.

51
Q

Samuel Hynes (writers / intellectual anti-fascism)

A

This generation of writers engaged with social issues and it shows in their works

52
Q

Stephen Cullen (BUF ideology)

A

More coherent ideology than otherwise suggested. They had 3 core beliefs. Hyper-patriotism, the serviceman ethos and a solution to economic crisis which formed an interlinked ideological package

53
Q

Dave Renton (BUF ideology)

A

Sceptical about discussions of fascist ideas and ideology arguing it plays into fascist rhetoric. Argues fascism should be judged on what it does nor what it says. Calling it a utopian ideology risks glorification.

Coupland= glorification

54
Q

Johanna Alberti (feminist anti-fascism)

A

Feminist activity played a significant role in anti-fascist movements as feminists saw fascism as a threat to their rights.

55
Q

Julie Gottlieb (feminist anti-fascism)

A

Never a United feminist response to Fascism due to divides over pacifism or direct action.

56
Q

Nicholas Deakin (Cable Street)

A

Myth endures due to belief that the whole easy end threw Mosley back- rejects this as untrue.

57
Q

Thomas Linehan (Cable Street)

A

Questions belief of anti-fascist victory

58
Q

Richard Thurlow (Cable Street)

A

BUF used it to portray themselves and law abiding and patriotic.

59
Q

Dave Renton (Cable Street)

A

Significant for class solidarity and working class response

60
Q

Tony Kushner (Cable Street)

A

Groups remember differently for different political purposes.

61
Q

David Cesarani (Cable Street)

A

Significance has been exaggerated.

62
Q

Robert Benewick (Btitish Fascisti)

A

BF ideology= conservatives with knobs on. Little fascist content and reactionary conservatism

63
Q

Kenneth Lunn (British Fascisti)

A

More fascistic elements to BF than earlier historiography suggests. Not fully fascist but represents a move away from conservatism. They also taught lessons to later fascist groups.

64
Q

Paul Stocker (British Fascisti)

A

Hybrid of foreign and domestic influences may have adopted a form of fascism different to one’s in continental Europe. Repackaged fascism for a British audience.

65
Q

Richard Griffiths (Fellow Travellers)

A

Fellow Travellers of the Right (1980) those sympathetic with fascism but not necessarily Card carrying fascists. BUF importance surpassed membership figures.

66
Q

Claudia Baldoli (foreign influences)

A

BUF originally more influenced by Italy in early 1930s (recognised as origin) shift to a German influences by mid-1930s (1935?) Italian fascism played a role in supporting growing foreign movements.

67
Q

Richard Bosworth (foreign influences)

A

Italian influence on British fascism through cultural links

68
Q

Nicholas Crowsen (foreign influences)

A

Some Cinservayive travellers still supported appeasement after going abroad. Disproves ideas Brits were unaware if persecution

69
Q

Angela Schwartz (foreign influences)

A

Visitors to Nazi Germany for various reasons came back with a range of opinions and perspectives

70
Q

Miriam Kochan (internment)

A

Gender bias impacted internment

71
Q

Panikos Panayi (alien internment)

A

internment was unjust and discriminatory which violated civil liberties and human rights of innocent people who were not a threat to national security

72
Q

Julie Gottlieb and Thomas Linehan in culture of fascism

A

As muxh a cultural movement as it was a political movement

73
Q

Cullen oral sources

A

Fill an absence in state sources as they give a sense of personal motivation and experienc

Fascism And Anti-Fascism (2 decks)

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