Historical Revivals Flashcards
Hempfield Railroad
Jacquard double-weave coverlet
blue wool and white cotton
1850
Revival Styles
Inspired from design vocabulary of the past
reaction to rapid urbanization, spread of manufacturing & mechanization
embraced Romanticism
re-examination of the “simple” ways
Philadelphia Centennial Exposition
1876
brough beautifully designed objects from all over the world to America
US is 100 years old
celebrate the nation
Americans opportunity to engage in pride
Candance Wheeler
viewed economic power over political power for women to achieve financial independence
promoted art and design as paying career for women over a hobby
one of first professional women interior designers
created uniquely American style of textile and wallpaper designs
early “career woman”, designer, role model for women
Crystal Palace Exhibition
1851, London Hyde Parke
Henry Cole & Prince Albert
first exhibition of culture and industry
Cole believed products made in Great Britain were the best
decide to see what others are making to improve innovation
held to see what the world has to offer, finds England the best
Wallace Nutting
Develops neurasthenia - fear of modernism
treament: photograph historic landscapes
starts selling photographs and restoring colonial homes
opens to tourists, sells furniture replicas
painful irony - against modernism but can only exist in the modern era
New York Crystal Palace Exhibition
1853, Bryant Park
industrial wallpaper
Cole does not like - wall meant to be solid not pretending to be a window
Social & Technological Changes: Post-bellum Era
gas lighting - see at night
larger trade networks - Eerie canal
Railroad - larbor, move objects, people
Jacquard loom - less labor intensive
Communication networks - telegraph cables
Industrial production - paper, carving machines, result lots produced for lower price and greater quantities
Maria Theresa Baldwin Hollander
Abolition Quilt
silk, 1853
Colonial revival
patriotic emblems - flag, eagles, stars, George Washington
red, white, blue
Tiffany and Company
Mounted section of transatlantic telegraph cable
1858
steel and brass
increased communication networks
Manufacturer Unknown
Rolled-printed wallpaper depicting Wall Street, Battery & Castle Garden, Trinity Church, Grace Church, City Hall NY
1850
wall functioning as a window
reality - never see all views from one place
slavishly copying, create something better instead
Manufacturer Unknown
Roller-printed wallpaper
probably NYC, 1850
“M.W.”
Detail of Berlin work sampler
1866
not craft, embroidery but not skill
“blood of wasted hours” Candice Wheeler
synthetic dyes
Rococo Revival
1835 - 1865 (1855)
c-scrolls, naturalistic decoration, floral elements, shells, animals
Originated in France
Dramatic carving
John Henry Belter
German immigrant
comes to NY in 1830s, US citizen 1839
most famous of Rococo revival designers
manufacturing process: laminated rosewood, thicker veneers laminated together, lined with glue
steam bend wood to create serpentine curvilinear form
carving applied after
The Manufacture of Parlor Furniture
Factory of M. and H. Schrenkesisen, NYC
1880
Culture and Comfort, Grier - Parlor Furniture
John Henry Belter
Tete-a-Tete
rosewood
1850-60
heavy carving, naturalistic elements, floral motifs
Courting furniture, socialization, public interaction
flamboyant, announces presence, demands attention
has to be in center of room, can’t push against a wall
Attributed to John Henry Belter
Sofa
Rosewood, silk upholstery (replaced)
1855
Alexander Roux
Sideboard
Rosewood with walnut, tulip, poplar, glass, marble
1850-57
C-scrolls, naturalistic elements, pheasants and other birds as “trophies of the hunt”
massive, heavy object
display of wealth
Ignatius Lutz
Sideboard
oak, yellow poplar, marble
1850 - 60
Philadelphia, PA
similar to Roux, trophies of the hunt, animals
Designed by Theodore Russel Davis
Produced by Haviland and Company
Ice Cream Plate, 1880
from the State Dinner & Dessert Service of Pres. Rutherford B. Hayes
porcelain with chromolithograph & gilt decoration
specific intention of object, ate ice cream off a plate
bounty and wealth in types of goods being served & way they were served
Possibly J. & J.W. Meeks
Side chair
rosewood, probably replacement underupholstery, replacement showcover, casters
New York, 1850
Alexander Roux
Cabinet
1866
Rococo revival, columns architectural element
*prob not on exam
Causeus
probably United States
Rosewood, silk upholstery (replaced)
1855
Design attributed to Thomas E. Warren
possibly manufactured by American Chair Company, Troy, NY
Centripetal Spring Chair
cast iron, steel, birch, yellow poplar, basswood, brass, paint
1849-58, Rococo revival
Ergonomic - supports the body in movement
Anthropometric - measurements of the body, how body performs with least amount of strain
interest in comfort, supportive back, spring seating, overstuffed cushion
Renaissance Revival
1845 - 1870
Looking at classical architecture, symmetry, classical orders
reference to architecture within furniture
clear formal order
building within a piece of furniture
Showroom of the Montalbano-Majestic Wood Carving Company
Chicago
1929
Herts and Company, New York
Bedstead, 1876
from Walter Smith,
Industrial Art: Masterpieces of the Centennial Exhibition
Renaissance Revival
Gustave Herter
Reception Room Cabinet
Bird’s eye maple, rosewood, ebony, marquetry of various woods, white pine, cherry, poplar, oak, oil on canvas, gilt bronze mounts, brass inlay, gilding, mirror glass
1860
Symmetry, ornaments, restrained, rectangular forms interlaid
ordered, referencing classical architecture
Renaissance Revival
Attributed to M. & H. Schrenkeisen
Armchair
rosewood, ash, eastern white pine, gilding, reproduction upholstery
New York
1870-75
William S. Wooten
Secretary, 1880-84
manufactured by Wooten Desk Manufacturing Company
Indianapolis, IN
walnut, maple, pine, bronze mounts
Renaissance revival, small building in a desk, architectural order
industrial produced, 4 different models, modern
Colonial Revival
1861/78 - 1924
belief that best way to identify America’s art was looking back to America’s history
promotes a national identity, embodies American past
starting point Centennial Crystal Palace - passion for colonial
revival of colonial/patriotic emblems to honor past
motives: preservation, pride, American values, quest simplicity, national & cultural identity, spririt of commerce
Kittinger Furniture Company
Chest of Drawers
mahogany, tulip, pine
Buffalo, NY
1976
very late date shows how hard to pinpoint colonial revival to a specific period
McKim, Mead and White, Inglenook
Isaac Bell House
Newport, RI
1883
recording history of colonial architecture
Karl Muller, German immigrant
Centennial Vase
Union Works Porcelain Works
Greenpoint, NY
1876
George Washington, Buffalo - frontier land, manifest destiny
view of factory, plow, telegraph, steamship, woman sewing
celebration how far the US has come
Bitters Bottle
glass
1876
probably made for Centennial Exposition
“George Washington Slept Here” Marling - 1876 Centennial Expo
Maker Unknown
George Washington Quilt
cotton
1876
Centennial Exhibition, American Pride
Maker Unknown
Platform Rocking Chair
made from spinning wheel parts
1890
colonial revival
completely made up, fabricated
probably did not use historic spinning wheel
interpreted past very loosely
John Colby and Sons
Chippendale Chair
early 20th century
company sells historic objects & reproductions, antique less expensive than reproductions
differences to Chippendale Director designs, broader, shorter, squat
ways to exemplify colonial aspects of furniture leads to misinterpretation - inspired by colonial
Erik Magnussen, designer
Gorham Silver Manufacturing Company
Candlestick & Vase
Providence, RI, 1927
interpretation of the colonial, idea of delicate fluting
express consumer desire for new furniture to go with old furniture
Tiffany & Company
Porringer
Silver and ivory
1898
colonial revival
William Adams & Sons of England for Bloomingdales Department Store
Plate depicting Fraunces Tavern, “Old New York” series
earthenware
1914 - 1940
market for colonial revival begins increasing
rise in collectors, scholarship
accesibility and promoted in department stores
Val-Kill Shop
Chest of Drawers
pine
1927 - 1936
Val-Kill - Eleanor Roosevelt’s family home
Economical interpretation during Great Depression
“Revivals! Colonials Revival in American Craft” Rhodes
Cover, Antiques
Jan. 1922
rise of Antiques Magazine 1922
response to consumer/market demand
range of antiques
Winthrop Furniture Co.
“Colonial Gateleg Corner Cabinet”
from Winthrop Furniture Co. Catalogue
Boston 1925
leg that swings open, meant to be moved, reduced its form
not practical to put family china in chest with moving leg
“Revivals! Colonial Revival in American Craft” Rhodes
451 Writing Arm Windsor Chair
Wallace Nutting, Incorporated
painted pine, ash, and maple
1922
“Revivals! Colonial Revival in American Craft” Rhodes
Wallace Nutting Company
Cupboard
oak, white pine
Framingham, MA
1928
almost exact replica from workshop of Peter Blend
“beauty, construction, style”
Nutting retreats from modernism but factory is very modern with emphasis on industry to sell his reproduction furniture
Cover Image of The Bulletin
announcing the opening of the American Wing at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY
1924
most famous example of colonial revival
modern building with interior colonial rooms
creates expansion of colonialism and new collecting boom
A.J. Downing
A Cottage in the English or Rural style
Cottage Residences
1842
elongated form, applied ornament
Gothic Revival
1820 - 1845
Cole loves Gothic Court designed by Pugin at 1851 Crystal Palace, adheres to his values of honest construction
return to Gothic as way to return to British history
quartrefoils, trefoils, gargoyles, darkness, pointed arches, butresses
gothic window - tracery
unification of all art - architecture, moralistic designs
Richard Byrne
Hall chair for Lyndhurst
1845
quatrefoil, clover, rose window as back of chair
Gustave Herter, designer (German immigre)
Bulkely and Herter, cabinetmaker
Bookcase, 1853
white oak, eastern white pine, eastern hemlock,yellow poplar, leaded glass (replacement)
Gothic Revival
level of craftsmanship, high skill, pointed arches
break front, lots of ornament and detail
Isaac Scott
Crib
made for Frances Glessner
1878
Maker unknown
Etagere
probably New York
rosewood, satinwood, yellow-poplar, black walnut, glass
1840 - 1860
Gothic Revival
Jenney
Sideboard
executed by ISaac Scott
mahogany with ebony and holly cameo carving
1875
Gothic Revival
F.W. Krause
Patent Gothic Star Chair
walnut
1876
