Historical Perspectives/Integrative Approach to Psychology Flashcards
multidimensional integrative approach
approach to the study of psychopathology that holds that psychological disorders are always the products of multiple interacting causal factors
factors of the multidimensional integrative approach
biological, psychological, emotional and interpersonal, developmental
genetic contributions to psychopathology
genetic factors make some contribution to all disorders but account for less than half of the variability for psychological disorders , aversive life events can overwhelm the influence of genes, specific genes of small groups of genes may be found to be associated with certain psychological disorders
diathesis-stress model
individuals inherit from multiple genes, tendencies to express certain traits or behaviours which may then be activated under conditions of stress, the greater the vulnerability the less stress needed to trigger it
diathesis
inherited tendency - a condition that makes a person susceptible to developing a disorder
chemical transporter - D-S Model
a gene that produces this substance affects the transmission of ST in the brain
- L and S allele
- two copies of the long allele = cope with stress better
gene-environment interaction mode,
people with a genetic predisposition for a disorder may also have a genetic tendency to create environmental risk factors that promote that disorder
central nervous system
processes all information receives from our sense organs and facts as necessary, sorts what is relevant and what is not; checks memory banks; implements the right ruction, spinal cord and brain
brain stem
lower and ancient
forebrain
more advanced
hindbrain
lowest part of the brain, regulated automatic activities
- medulla, pons, cerebellum
cerebellum
motor coordination
midbrain
coordinates movement with sensory input and contains parts of the reticular activating system
thalamus and hypothalamus
top of the brain stem, regulates behaviour and emotion
limbic system
above the thalamus and hypothalamus, includes the hippocampus, cingulate cortex, septum, amygdala, regulates emotional experiences and learn to control impulses, basic drives
basal ganglia
base of the forebrain, includes caudate nucleus, controls motor activity
cerebral cortex
largest part, left and right hemisphere, lobes
somatic nervous system
controls muscles
autonomic nervous system
regulate that cardiovascular system, endocrine system, aiding digestion, regulates body temperature
sympathetic nervous system
stress, danger, fight/flight
parasympathetic nervous system
balances SNS
implications for neuroscience in psychopathology
identifiable lesions/damage localized in specific structures do not cause disorders,, damage to ST might impact impulsivity
psychosocial influences on brain structure and function
effects of treatment can tell you something about causes, psychotherapy results in either a normalization of abnormal pattern of activity, the recruitment of additional areas, or both
conditioning and cognitive processes
based classical and operant conditioning paradigms facilitate the learning of the relationship among events in the environment, makes us able to develop working ideas about the world that allow us to make appropriate judgements
