Historical Perspective On Corrections

Question 1

Crimes, violence, rebellious acts and other acts which are expressly prohibited by the society fall as

Answer 1

Forbidden acts

Question 2

Those that can be benificial to the welfare of the society such as early traditions and practices,folkways,norma,those that are controlled by social rules and laws

Answer 2

Accepted acts

Question 3

Anything approved by the majority which is believed to be benificial to the common good.
: Marrying, having children, crop production, growing food etc.

Answer 3

Encourage acts

Question 4

Early Codes

Answer 4

✓Roman
✓Mohammedan or Arabic
✓Anglo-American laws

Question 5

Among the 3 Early Codes it has the most lasting and most prevailing influence.

Answer 5

Roman law

Question 6

Offered the most adequate basic concepts which sharply define, in concise and inconsistent terminology, mature rules in a complete system, logical and firm, tempered with high sense of equity.

Answer 6

The private roman law

Question 7

Oldest code known to man

Answer 7

Code of Ur-Nammu

Question 8

“Eye for an eye” “Tooth for a tooth”

Answer 8

Lex-talionis

Question 9

In code of Ur-Nammu murder, robbery adultery and rape is an example of_________

Answer 9

Capital offenses

Question 10

King Hammurabi of Babylon about 1990 B.C wrote this code, credited as the oldest code prescribing savage punishment, based on the principles of Retaliation or “lex taliones” which means an eye for an eye.

Answer 10

Code of King Hammurabi

Question 11

This became the standard law in roman empire particularly in Europe.

Answer 11

Justinian Code

Question 12

Justinian Code known as

Answer 12

Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of civil law)

Question 13

To match a desirable amount of punishment to all possible crime.

Answer 13

Justinian Code

Question 14

It is the formulation of all public and private law of the Romans until the time of Justinian. It is also a collection of legal Principles “ENGRAVED” on “METAL TABLETS” and set up on the forum.

Answer 14

The Twelve Tables (12 Tabulae)

Question 15

A harsh code that provide the same punishment for both citizens and the slaves as it incorporate primitive concepts (vengeance, Blood Feuds)

Answer 15

Greek Code of Draco

Question 16

There were the first society to allow any citizens to prosecute the offender in the name of the injured party

Answer 16

The Greeks

Question 17

This law repealed Draco’s law and allowed capital punishment only for a limited number of serious offense, such as murder or military or political offenses against the state.

Answer 17

Solon’s law

Question 18

✓It was revised by king sigismund.

✓ Specified punishment according to the social class of offenders, dividing them into: nobles, middle class, and lower class.

Answer 18

✓Burgundian Code

✓A.K.A Lex Gundobada,

✓Gundobads Code,

✓Gundobalds code

Question 19

It is the redress that the state takes against an offending member of society that usually involved pain and suffering.

Answer 19

PUNISHMENT

Question 20

Offenders should be punished because they deserve it.

Answer 20

RETRIBUTION

Question 21

Punishment in the form of group or vengeance where the purpose is to appease the offended public or group.

Answer 21

Expiation or Atonement

Question 22

Punishment gives lesson to the offender by showing to others what would happen to them if they violate the law.

Answer 22

Deterrence

Question 23

✓The public is protected if the offender has been held in conditions where he can not harm others especially the public.

✓ Placing offenders in prison so that society is ensured from further criminal depredations.

Answer 23

Incapacitation and protect

Question 24

It is the Society’s interest can be better served by helping the prisoner to become law abiding citizen upon his return to the community by REQUIRING HIM TO UNDERGO INTENSIVE PROGRAM of REHABILITATION PROGRAM.

Answer 24

Reformation and Rehabilitation

Question 25

It is death by means or burning at stake, beheading, broken on the wheel, garroting and other forms of medieval executions. Crucifixion, stoning, etc.

Answer 25

Capital Punishments

Question 26

Physical torture by means of mutilation, whipping or flogging, stocks, furca, stoning, branding.

Answer 26

Corporal punishment

Question 27

Traditional form of whip consisting nine knotted cords fastened to a wooden handle

Answer 27

Cat-o-nine tails

Question 28

The cruel form of whip their knout was made of leather strips fitted with fish hook.

Answer 28

Russian Knout

Question 29

V shaped yolk worn around the neck and where the outstretched arms of convict were tied to.

Answer 29

Furca

Question 30

A criminal could avoid punishment by claiming refugee in a church for a period of 40 days at the end of which time he has compelled to leave the realm by a road or path assigned to him.

Answer 30

13th Century - securing sanctuary

Question 31

Tortures as a form of punishment became prevalent.

Answer 31

1468(England)

Question 32

Transportation of criminals in England was authorized.

Answer 32

16th Century

Question 33

Transportation was abandoned by the year____

Answer 33

1835

Question 34

Death penalty became prevalent as a form of punishment.

Answer 34

17th Century to late 18th Century

Question 35

Pretrial detention facilities operated by english sheriff

Answer 35

Gaols (Jails)

Question 36

Long, low, narrow, single decked ships propelled by sails, usually rowed by criminals.

Type of ship used for the transportation of the criminals in the 16th century

Answer 36

Galleys

Question 37

Decrepit transport, former warship used to house prisoners in the 18th and 19th century.

Abandoned warships converted into prisons as means of relieving congestion of prisoners.

Answer 37

Hulks

Question 38

Also called “Floating hells”

Answer 38

Hulks

Question 39

It is the total separation of the head from the body of a person who commits a crime.

Answer 39

Death by Beheading

Question 40

According to tradition god entered into a covenant or contract with the tribes of Israel which they agreed to
obey his law, as presented to them by Moses in return for the God special care protection.

Answer 40

✓Mosaic Code
✓ The Law of Moises

Question 41

The early punishment were considered synonymous with SLAVERY, those punished even had their ``HEADS SHAVED’’ indicating the MARK OF THE SLAVE.

Answer 41

Polo y Servicio

Question 42

The offender was scarred with a hot iron on the flesh part of the hand or on the cheek.

Answer 42

Branding