Historical Perspective Flashcards
When are computers already used in health care system?
since 1978
Where and why are computers already in use in 1978?
In some prominent hospital in Manila – for admission processes
Why is the use of computer today increased rapidly?
Due to the usability in the day to day nursing processes
What is entered in the computer?
Patient data
During 1960’s the Hospital Information System (HIS) was used as?
Access financial transaction, billing, and accounting
Prior to 1960, the major historical perspective of nursing and computer does not include?
Nursing underwent major changes
In the 1970’s which is not true?
Computer technology was studied on how effectively could be utilized in nursing
In computers in nursing, what are also optimized?
- Nursing assessment
- Patient monitoring and plans
- Medication processes
- Administration records
- Discharge plans
What are also an important tool in nursing practice?
Computers
What are the important tools in nursing practice?
Clinical practice and monitor clients
What are under the clinical practice?
- document nursing care
- communicate physician’s orders
What are under monitoring clients?
- receive and send information about admission
- discharge and transfer
- received laboratory test results
- pharmacy report
In the major historical perspective of nursing & computers, what are the events prior to 1960?
- Few experts adapted computer to nursing
- Nursing underwent major changes
- Nursing was improving: practice, scope & complexities
- Initially used computers as basic office functions
In the major historical perspective of nursing & computers, what are the events in 1960?
- Nursing standards were viewed
- Study on how computer technology could be effectively utilized
- (CRT) Cathode Ray Tube
- Terminal online communication & real time processing
- (HIS) Hospital Information System
- Access to financial transaction, billing & accounting system
HIS
Hospital Information System
In the major historical perspective of nursing & computers, what are the events in 1970?
- Nurses began to recognize the value of computer for their profession
- Computer potential for improving documentation of nursing practice, quality of patient care
and managing patient care
In the major historical perspective of nursing & computers, what are the events in 1980?
- Fields of informatics emerged in the health care industry and nursing
- NI became an accepted specialty and many nursing experts entered the field
- Computer systems were implemented
- Computer-based patient record systems (CPRSs)
- Major Historical Perspective of Nursing & Computers
CPRS
Computer-based patient record systems
In the major historical perspective of nursing & computers, what are the events in 1990?
- Computer become an integral part of health care settings, nursing practice, and the nursing profession
- Policies and legislation were adopted promoting computer technology in health care including nursing
In the major historical perspective of nursing & computers, what are the events in 1992?
- ANA approved NI as a new nursing specialty
In the major historical perspective of nursing & computers, what are the events in 2000?
- Clinical information systems became individualized in the
- (EPR) electronic patient record & (EHR) electronic health record (–lifelong longitudinal record)
- Internet
- critical care units are monitored remotely / home health care / telenursing
- The decision of the implementation of health information system coupled with the health statistical information system can be motivated by the desire to enhance quality health services
- Inadequacy and inefficiency of manual data collection is in question if integrity is at risk
- Existing health care system of the hospitals, clinics, laboratories and pharmacies should
address the standard delivery of health care
EPR
electronic patient record
EHR
electronic health record
What are the advantages of manual health care system?
- Easy to implement
- Requires minimum effort
- Cannot be easily corrupted
It is low cost
and has no extra training required
Easy to implement
It is quick processing and can be stored anywhere
Requires minimum effort
It is easy to prepare and data profiling can be processed easily
Cannot be easily corrupted
10 disadvantages of manual health care system
- Problems with maintenance
- Problem with flavescent paper
- Volume of data becomes a problem
- Problem with interpretation/transcription
- Need lots of paper
- Data is not converted easily to information
- Accessibility to any health care professional and institutions
- Once the data is burned it cannot be reproduced easily
- Coordination of data and information is a problem
- Integration with the other system such as laboratory, accounting etc is a problem
17 advantages of computer information systems
- Data maintenance
- Low maintenance cost
- Volume of data is not an issue
- No paper is required
- No problem with interpretation/transcription
- Data can be converted into information
- Readiness of the information and data
- Accessibility to any health care personnel & institution
- Data cannot be corrupted easily (with back-up)
- Can be integrated with other system such as laboratory, pharmacy, accounting, management
- Data handling is easy
- Data integrity is preserved
- Data communication is possible
- Statistical information system can be provided
- Migration to other system is easy
- Can be expanded
- Easy data profiling
10 disadvantages of Computer Information Systems
- Implementation requires severe justification
- High starting cost
- Requires training for nursing and health care giver
- Requires additional effort to implement
- Additional manpower is necessary
- Data communication system will have an additional cost
- Data can easily be corrupted (if no back-up)
- Information management is essential
- Readiness of data and information is possible when software is provided in the health
information system - Requires extensive planning, designing and commercial implementation
In 1960’s, the cathode ray tube was utilized for the purpose of?
Terminal on line communication & real time processing
The standard delivery of health care was addressed through
laboratories and pharmacies
Clinical information systems became individualized in 2000, this is known as?
(EPR) electronic patient record & (EHR) electronic health record
The utilization of computer was seen as a potential to improve nursing practice thru documentation, quality of client care and client management, in which year?
1970
Computer policies and legislation were adopted in health care and technology was promoted in nursing, in which year?
1990
What are in question if integrity is at risk
Inadequacy and inefficiency of manual data collection
What should existing health care system of the hospitals, clinics, laboratories and pharmacies should address?
The standard delivery of health care
