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INFORMATICS > Historical Perspective > Flashcards

Historical Perspective Flashcards

1
Q

When are computers already used in health care system?

A

since 1978

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2
Q

Where and why are computers already in use in 1978?

A

In some prominent hospital in Manila – for admission processes

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3
Q

Why is the use of computer today increased rapidly?

A

Due to the usability in the day to day nursing processes

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4
Q

What is entered in the computer?

A

Patient data

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5
Q

During 1960’s the Hospital Information System (HIS) was used as?

A

Access financial transaction, billing, and accounting

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6
Q

Prior to 1960, the major historical perspective of nursing and computer does not include?

A

Nursing underwent major changes

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7
Q

In the 1970’s which is not true?

A

Computer technology was studied on how effectively could be utilized in nursing

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8
Q

In computers in nursing, what are also optimized?

A
  • Nursing assessment
  • Patient monitoring and plans
  • Medication processes
  • Administration records
  • Discharge plans
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9
Q

What are also an important tool in nursing practice?

A

Computers

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10
Q

What are the important tools in nursing practice?

A

Clinical practice and monitor clients

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11
Q

What are under the clinical practice?

A
  • document nursing care
  • communicate physician’s orders
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12
Q

What are under monitoring clients?

A
  • receive and send information about admission
  • discharge and transfer
  • received laboratory test results
  • pharmacy report
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13
Q

In the major historical perspective of nursing & computers, what are the events prior to 1960?

A
  • Few experts adapted computer to nursing
  • Nursing underwent major changes
  • Nursing was improving: practice, scope & complexities
  • Initially used computers as basic office functions
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14
Q

In the major historical perspective of nursing & computers, what are the events in 1960?

A
  • Nursing standards were viewed
  • Study on how computer technology could be effectively utilized
  • (CRT) Cathode Ray Tube
  • Terminal online communication & real time processing
  • (HIS) Hospital Information System
  • Access to financial transaction, billing & accounting system
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15
Q

HIS

A

Hospital Information System

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16
Q

In the major historical perspective of nursing & computers, what are the events in 1970?

A
  • Nurses began to recognize the value of computer for their profession
  • Computer potential for improving documentation of nursing practice, quality of patient care
    and managing patient care
17
Q

In the major historical perspective of nursing & computers, what are the events in 1980?

A
  • Fields of informatics emerged in the health care industry and nursing
  • NI became an accepted specialty and many nursing experts entered the field
  • Computer systems were implemented
  • Computer-based patient record systems (CPRSs)
  • Major Historical Perspective of Nursing & Computers
18
Q

CPRS

A

Computer-based patient record systems

19
Q

In the major historical perspective of nursing & computers, what are the events in 1990?

A
  • Computer become an integral part of health care settings, nursing practice, and the nursing profession
  • Policies and legislation were adopted promoting computer technology in health care including nursing
20
Q

In the major historical perspective of nursing & computers, what are the events in 1992?

A
  • ANA approved NI as a new nursing specialty
21
Q

In the major historical perspective of nursing & computers, what are the events in 2000?

A
  • Clinical information systems became individualized in the
  • (EPR) electronic patient record & (EHR) electronic health record (–lifelong longitudinal record)
  • Internet
  • critical care units are monitored remotely / home health care / telenursing
  • The decision of the implementation of health information system coupled with the health statistical information system can be motivated by the desire to enhance quality health services
  • Inadequacy and inefficiency of manual data collection is in question if integrity is at risk
  • Existing health care system of the hospitals, clinics, laboratories and pharmacies should
    address the standard delivery of health care
22
Q

EPR

A

electronic patient record

23
Q

EHR

A

electronic health record

24
Q

What are the advantages of manual health care system?

A
  • Easy to implement
  • Requires minimum effort
  • Cannot be easily corrupted
25
Q

It is low cost
and has no extra training required

A

Easy to implement

26
Q

It is quick processing and can be stored anywhere

A

Requires minimum effort

27
Q

It is easy to prepare and data profiling can be processed easily

A

Cannot be easily corrupted

28
Q

10 disadvantages of manual health care system

A
  • Problems with maintenance
  • Problem with flavescent paper
  • Volume of data becomes a problem
  • Problem with interpretation/transcription
  • Need lots of paper
  • Data is not converted easily to information
  • Accessibility to any health care professional and institutions
  • Once the data is burned it cannot be reproduced easily
  • Coordination of data and information is a problem
  • Integration with the other system such as laboratory, accounting etc is a problem
29
Q

17 advantages of computer information systems

A
  • Data maintenance
  • Low maintenance cost
  • Volume of data is not an issue
  • No paper is required
  • No problem with interpretation/transcription
  • Data can be converted into information
  • Readiness of the information and data
  • Accessibility to any health care personnel & institution
  • Data cannot be corrupted easily (with back-up)
  • Can be integrated with other system such as laboratory, pharmacy, accounting, management
  • Data handling is easy
  • Data integrity is preserved
  • Data communication is possible
  • Statistical information system can be provided
  • Migration to other system is easy
  • Can be expanded
  • Easy data profiling
30
Q

10 disadvantages of Computer Information Systems

A
  • Implementation requires severe justification
  • High starting cost
  • Requires training for nursing and health care giver
  • Requires additional effort to implement
  • Additional manpower is necessary
  • Data communication system will have an additional cost
  • Data can easily be corrupted (if no back-up)
  • Information management is essential
  • Readiness of data and information is possible when software is provided in the health
    information system
  • Requires extensive planning, designing and commercial implementation
31
Q

In 1960’s, the cathode ray tube was utilized for the purpose of?

A

Terminal on line communication & real time processing

32
Q

The standard delivery of health care was addressed through

A

laboratories and pharmacies

33
Q

Clinical information systems became individualized in 2000, this is known as?

A

(EPR) electronic patient record & (EHR) electronic health record

34
Q

The utilization of computer was seen as a potential to improve nursing practice thru documentation, quality of client care and client management, in which year?

A

1970

35
Q

Computer policies and legislation were adopted in health care and technology was promoted in nursing, in which year?

A

1990

36
Q

What are in question if integrity is at risk

A

Inadequacy and inefficiency of manual data collection

37
Q

What should existing health care system of the hospitals, clinics, laboratories and pharmacies should address?

A

The standard delivery of health care

INFORMATICS (4 decks)

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