HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Flashcards
Used to convey messages from about 700 B.C.E.
Carrier pigeons
It is where the first long-distance communication
systems were based on (e.g. drums and horns,
smoke signals and beacon fires).
signals of sound and light
_________ alerted the British of the arrival of the
Spanish Armada in _______ C.E.
Signal Fires, 1588
The Chinese used _______ as signals to warn of an
imminent attack on the ___________.
rockets, Great Wall
Native Americans communicated by covering and
uncovering a ________ with a blanket to produce ____________ or by beating _____.
bonfire, smoke signals, drums
The British Navy sent signals at night by raising and
lowering a _______, which coincidentally was the same way _________ was signaled with news of the arrival of the British.
lantern, Paul Revere
In instances when clear vision was difficult (e.g., fog),
______ or ______ and ________ sent signals.
bellS, whistleS, fired weaponS
Used in traditional long-distance communication until almost 1800
horse-mounted dispatch riders
_________________ developed an __________________ (semaphore) system of stations built on rooftops or _______ that were visible from a great distance in year _________.
Frenchman Claude Chappe, optical telegraph, towers, 1793
Each semaphore station consisted of a column-like _______ with a moveable ______. Attached to the beam were two moveable ________.
tower, beam, arms
In a sempahore, the beam and arms were swiveled with ______, conveying different signal patterns representing upper- and lowercase _______, _________ marks, and __________. A set of patterns was translated into words by an _________ at another station, who then sent it on to the next station.
ropes, letters, punctuation, numbers, observer
Semaphore, This system allowed the ______ to send a concise message over _____ miles (160 km) in less than ____ min as long as visibility was good.
French, 100, 5
_____________ developed another type of optical telegraph system
with ten collapsible _____________, which when placed in various positions formed combinations of numbers that were translated into ________, _________, or _______. _______ semaphore systems were also used in Boston, New York City, and San Francisco at that time.
SWEDE A. N. EDELCRANTZ, iron shutters, letters, words, phrases, crude
________________ transmitted the first practical ___________ in ______, by sending electricity through a long set of wires to produce ______________ that was used to ring a bell.
Joseph Henry, electrical signal,1830, electromagnetism
____________ patented the first functional electrical ______________ system in ______: the electric telegraph with its system of electrical ________ identified as ______ and ______ that eventually became known as Morse Code.
Samuel Morse, communication, 1831, impulses, dots, dashes
The first message sent by electric telegraph was
“What hath God wrought,” from the Supreme Court
Room in the U.S. Capitol to the railway depot at Baltimore on ______________.
May 24, 1844
In _________, there were over ________ telegraph offices in operation across America and the East and West coasts were connected.
1861, 2,000
In electrical telegraph,
Six years later, the first _____________ was
laid, connecting _______ and the United States. The telegraph flourished as a method of long-distance communication throughout the world.
transatlantic cable, England
________________ invented an electrical speech machine that transmitted voice over wires and became known as the _______, on __________, in Boston, Massachusetts.
ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL , telephone, March 10, 1876
“Mr. Watson, come here, ______________!” were the first words accidentally spoken into the new invention of Alexander Graham Bell.
‘I want you’ , unya ikaw want ka?
In _________, the first telephone company, ______________, was formed and over 30 000 phones were in use.
1880, American Bell
About _________, over ten million American Bell System telephones were in service.
1920
______________ was an italian inventor who demonstrated the first radio transmission in _______ that was received out of a line of sight (about 2 miles) on the grounds of his family estate in Italy.
GUGLIEMO MARCONI , 1895
Six years later (1901) in Newfoundland, Canada, Marconi’s radio received a weak signal that was sent across the ________ by one of his associates in __________, England. The signal was an “___” sent in Morse Code format, “dot, dot, dot.” It demonstrated that radio waves could bounce off the ______________.
Atlantic Ocean, Cornwall, S, upper atmosphere
