Historical Perspective

Question 1

what is selective caries removal?

Answer 1

remove infected tissue (necrotic and contaminated zone) but leave affected tissue (demineralisation zone and below).
prevents pulp damage
removes less tooth which maintains structure

Question 2

what is the Vipeholm study (1945-1955)

Answer 2

human experiments on intellectually disabled. fed lots of sweets to link sugar to caries. participants became very ill. violated medical ethics. nuremberg code 1. voluntary informed consent.

Question 3

what is the Turku sugar study 1970s?

Answer 3

ate gum sticks every day
sucrose highly cariogenic
fructose less
xylotol the least

Question 4

what did Takao Fusayama do 1972

Answer 4

distinguished 2 layers of carious dentine. protect the pulp and minimally invasive.
infected dentine = un-remineralisable, irreversibly denatured collagen fibrils - needs to be removed
affected dentine = remineralisable and minimally infected by organisms - can leave

Question 5

what is the specific plaque hypothesis

Answer 5

Specific bacteria cause disease, they are absent in health

Question 6

what is the non-specific plaque hypothesis?

Answer 6

The quantity of plaque determines pathogenicity not type bacteria. More plaque = more disease
Outcome was brush your teeth

Question 7

what is Marsh’s ecological plaque hypothesis?

Answer 7

Everyone has cariogenic bacteria, but normally there isnt enough to cause a problem, however when there is a change in the oral environment is changes the microbial composition to cause disease.

Question 8

understand this

Question 9

acidic dissolution of enamel occurs at what pH normally?

Answer 9

5.5

Question 10

if fluoride is present during the remineralisation process fluorapatite forms and the critical pH is?

Answer 10

4.5