Historical Issue- Fascism Flashcards
Religions are not static..
They have been shaped, and continue to be shaped over time, by a dynamic interaction with particular places, times and people
What is fascism
an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.
both a political ideology and a way of governing
Opening for fascism
They have been shaped, and continue to be shaped over time, by a dynamic interaction with particular places, times and people
What are four common elements of fascism
o Totalitarian rule
o Dictator
o Belief in superiority of one nation or race
o Expectation of conformity
What doesn’t a totalitarian system allow and how
- Suppresses free thought (impacting Church)
- Don’t allow free, equal rights
- Does so by:
o Instituted gender roles
o Control literature
o Decrease in opinion value
Who was Max Kolbe and what education did he have
- Religious Priest, father german
- Highly intelligent, well-educated (2 doctorates) (conflicted w/ ideology as Nazi promoted suppression of intelligence and blind obedience
why was max kolbe arrested
- provided shelter to refuges (2000 Jews), publish anti-Nazi media, spoke out against injustice
how did max koble die and what did it show
- volunteered to take place of stranger to be killed
- catholic value= selflessness
- strong faith
What was the conflict between nazism and catholics
- Teachings and values conflict
what were the four areas of conflict of ideology
o Equality/ Hierarchal,
o Individuality/ Uniformity
o Compassion and Tolerance/ Survival of the Fittest
o Free will/ Suppression of Intelligence
What are biblical quotes to show catholic value of equality
Gal 3:28 “There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave or free, there is no male or female, for you are all one in Christ.”
Explain heirachal system of nazims
- Social Darwinism
- Genetic order= Aryan> Slav> Negro> Jew
Supported by legislation
explain individuality value of catholics
- Care for person
explain uniformity value of nazi
- Dehumanisation, collective
What are biblical quotes to show catholic value of compassion and tolerance of others
will maintain the cause of the afflicted, and will execute justice for the needy.”
What quotes shows survival of the fittest belief of nazi
- Extermination
1923 “Truly this earth is a trophy cup for the industrious man, and this rightly so, in the service of natural selection.”
Quote to show suppression of intelligence
- Lead to blind obedience
- “It is there, where they burn books, that eventually they burn people” German Poet Heinrich Heine 1921
Once limit free thinking= separate a society
what are the three historical periods
- Rise (1918-1933)
- Consolidation (1933-1939)
- War (1939-1945)
what occurred during the Rise (2)
- Edict of Excommunication 1931
o German Bishops ex communicated all active Nazi party members - Article 24 of NSDAP= conditional tolerance of Christian
what occurred during Consolidation (5) (1 concordat, 2 laws, 1 encyclical, one event)
- Reich Concordat 1933: Germany + Holy See agree to respect autonomy
- 1933 Enabling Act= dictatorial power
- 1933 Sterilisation Law= conflict with catholic belief (Equality and Compassion)
- 1937 Pope Pius XI issue encyclical condemned racism
- Book burnings (suppress free thinking and intelligence)
what occurred during war (3)
- 1939 Catholic schools closed
- 1941 Catholic Press closed
- Catholics arrested e.g. Kolbe
why did the catholic church respond to nazism
- Party imposed restriction
o Totalitarian + freedom
o Conflict with core teachings
explain the basic relationship bw catholics and nazis
- Controversial relationship
- Threat- as Catholic Church was established institution that had influence and loyalty
What was the response of the church at best and worst
- Varied from strong opposition through to outright support
- Ambivalent at best and at worst complicit in growth of fascism
what was the response of overall church
- Often neutral
- Resistance was fragmented, largely relying on individual effort
- In terms of official church, opposition only when encroached on Church itself
