Historical Issue- Fascism

Question 1

Religions are not static..

Answer 1

They have been shaped, and continue to be shaped over time, by a dynamic interaction with particular places, times and people

Question 2

What is fascism

Answer 2

an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.

both a political ideology and a way of governing

Question 3

Opening for fascism

Answer 3

They have been shaped, and continue to be shaped over time, by a dynamic interaction with particular places, times and people

Question 4

What are four common elements of fascism

Answer 4

o Totalitarian rule
o Dictator
o Belief in superiority of one nation or race
o Expectation of conformity

Question 5

What doesn’t a totalitarian system allow and how

Answer 5

• Suppresses free thought (impacting Church)
• Don’t allow free, equal rights
• Does so by:
  o Instituted gender roles
  o Control literature
  o Decrease in opinion value

Question 6

Who was Max Kolbe and what education did he have

Answer 6

• Religious Priest, father german
• Highly intelligent, well-educated (2 doctorates) (conflicted w/ ideology as Nazi promoted suppression of intelligence and blind obedience

Question 7

why was max kolbe arrested

Answer 7

• provided shelter to refuges (2000 Jews), publish anti-Nazi media, spoke out against injustice

Question 8

how did max koble die and what did it show

Answer 8

• volunteered to take place of stranger to be killed
• catholic value= selflessness
• strong faith

Question 9

What was the conflict between nazism and catholics

Answer 9

• Teachings and values conflict

Question 10

what were the four areas of conflict of ideology

Answer 10

o Equality/ Hierarchal,
o Individuality/ Uniformity
o Compassion and Tolerance/ Survival of the Fittest
o Free will/ Suppression of Intelligence

Question 11

What are biblical quotes to show catholic value of equality

Answer 11

Gal 3:28 “There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave or free, there is no male or female, for you are all one in Christ.”

Question 12

Explain heirachal system of nazims

Answer 12

• Social Darwinism
• Genetic order= Aryan> Slav> Negro> Jew
  Supported by legislation

Question 13

explain individuality value of catholics

Answer 13

• Care for person

Question 14

explain uniformity value of nazi

Answer 14

• Dehumanisation, collective

Question 15

What are biblical quotes to show catholic value of compassion and tolerance of others

Answer 15

will maintain the cause of the afflicted, and will execute justice for the needy.”

Question 16

What quotes shows survival of the fittest belief of nazi

Answer 16

• Extermination
  1923 “Truly this earth is a trophy cup for the industrious man, and this rightly so, in the service of natural selection.”

Question 17

Quote to show suppression of intelligence

Answer 17

• Lead to blind obedience
• “It is there, where they burn books, that eventually they burn people” German Poet Heinrich Heine 1921
  Once limit free thinking= separate a society

Question 18

what are the three historical periods

Answer 18

1. Rise (1918-1933)
2. Consolidation (1933-1939)
3. War (1939-1945)

Question 19

what occurred during the Rise (2)

Answer 19

• Edict of Excommunication 1931
  o German Bishops ex communicated all active Nazi party members
• Article 24 of NSDAP= conditional tolerance of Christian

Question 20

what occurred during Consolidation (5) (1 concordat, 2 laws, 1 encyclical, one event)

Answer 20

• Reich Concordat 1933: Germany + Holy See agree to respect autonomy
• 1933 Enabling Act= dictatorial power
• 1933 Sterilisation Law= conflict with catholic belief (Equality and Compassion)
• 1937 Pope Pius XI issue encyclical condemned racism
• Book burnings (suppress free thinking and intelligence)

Question 21

what occurred during war (3)

Answer 21

• 1939 Catholic schools closed
• 1941 Catholic Press closed
• Catholics arrested e.g. Kolbe

Question 22

why did the catholic church respond to nazism

Answer 22

• Party imposed restriction
  o Totalitarian + freedom
  o Conflict with core teachings

Question 23

explain the basic relationship bw catholics and nazis

Answer 23

• Controversial relationship

- Threat- as Catholic Church was established institution that had influence and loyalty

Question 24

What was the response of the church at best and worst

Answer 24

• Varied from strong opposition through to outright support

- Ambivalent at best and at worst complicit in growth of fascism

Question 25

what was the response of overall church

Answer 25

• Often neutral
• Resistance was fragmented, largely relying on individual effort
• In terms of official church, opposition only when encroached on Church itself