historical figures & basic vocab

Question 1

analyzed mortality rates, quantifies patterns of disease & disease occurance

Answer 1

John Gaunt

Question 2

studied scurvy using control groups

Answer 2

James Lind

Question 3

father of vital statistics & surveillance, developed basic processes for statistics

Answer 3

William Farr

Question 4

daddy of epidemiology, studied cholera in london

Answer 4

John Snow

Question 5

recognizes bacteria can cause disease, ‘developed the small pox vaccine’

Answer 5

Louis Pasteur

Question 6

postulates to identify organisms as infectious

Answer 6

Robert Koch

Question 7

recognized that pellagra had a dietary origin

Answer 7

John Goldberger

Question 8

had a statistical procedure for stratified analysis of case control studies

Answer 8

Mantel & Hanenszel

Question 9

first to have an epidemiological text with a systematical focus on study design

Answer 9

MacMahon

Question 10

public health statistician that led to behaviour being a potential risk factor in epidemiology

Answer 10

Edward Sydenstricker

Question 11

the constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area.

Answer 11

endemic

Question 12

an unexpected increase in disease but is often used for a more limited geographic area.

Answer 12

outbreak

Question 13

an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in that area.

Answer 13

epidemic

Question 14

an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people.

Answer 14

pandemic

Question 15

an aggregation of cases grouped in place and time that are suspected to be greater than the number expected, even though the expected number may not be known.

Answer 15

cluster

Question 16

a disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly

Answer 16

sporadic

Question 17

a high enough proportion of individuals in a population are resistant to an agent, then those few who are susceptible will be protected by the resistant majority since the pathogen will be unlikely to “find” those few susceptible individuals.

Answer 17

herd immunity

Question 18

a comparison of two values with different units of measurement ex: apples eaten:day

Answer 18

rate

Question 19

objects or materials which are likely to carry infection, such as clothes, utensils, and furniture

Answer 19

fomite

Question 20

the time interval between when an individual or host is infected by a pathogen and when they become infectious

Answer 20

latency period

Question 21

the likelihood that an agent will infect a host, given that the host is exposed to the agent

Answer 21

infectivity

Question 22

the likelihood of causing severe disease among those with disease

Answer 22

virulence

Question 23

a comparison between two values with similar units ex: apples:oranges

Answer 23

ratio

Question 24

a disease which can be transmitted to humans from animals

Answer 24

zoonosis

Question 25

An illness that is staying below the surface of clinical detection

Answer 25

Subclinical disease

Question 26

a part compared to the whole

Answer 26

proportion

Question 27

the amount of pathogen required to establish an infection

Answer 27

infectious dose

Question 28

the number of days between when you're infected with something and when you might see symptoms

Answer 28

incubation period

Question 29

the ability of an organism to cause disease (harm the host)

Answer 29

pathogenicity

Question 30

the likelihood, or in statistical language probability, of an individual in a defined population developing a disease or other adverse health problem

Answer 30

risk

Question 31

an organism, typically a biting insect or tick, that transmits a disease or parasite from one animal or plant to another.

Answer 31

vector