Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Epi History > Historical Figures > Flashcards

Historical Figures Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

John Graunt

A

(1620-1674)

  • Wrote Bills of Mortality (book)
  • By profession was a haberdasher
  • One of the first demographers
  • Along with W. Petty developed early statistical and census methods, later provided framework for modern demography
  • Considered one of the first experts in epi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

James Lind

A

(1716-1794)

  • Scottish physician
  • Pioneer of naval hygiene in the royal navy
  • Conducted the first ever clinical trial, developed theory that citrus fruits cured scurvy
  • Prevention of typhus - noticed typhus was gone from top hospital floors where patients were bathed and had clean clothes
  • Fresh water from sea water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

William Farr

A

(1810-1883)

  • Regarded as the founder of medical stats
  • First compiler of abstracts
  • Developed a system for recording causes of death
  • 1853 Cholera epidemic, gathered stat. evidence to support miasmic theory of disease causation. Showed likelihood of dying of disease was linked to height lived above river thames
  • 1855 introduce SMR to compare mortality across occupational groups in great britain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

John Snow

A

(1813-1858)

  • English physician, leader in adoption of anesthesia and medical hygiene
  • Considered one of the fathers of modern epi for his work in tracing source of the cholera outbreak 1854
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

(1820-1910)

  • Made extensive use of stats in compilation, analysis, and presentation of stats on medical care and public health
  • Pioneer in visual presentation of info
  • Founder of modern nursing
  • “Lady with the lamp”
  • Established first secular nursing school in the world
  • First female member of Royal statistical society (1858)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

William Budd

A

(1811-1880)

  • English physician, epidemiologist
  • Known for recognizing infectious diseases were contagious
  • Understood transmission of cholera and typhoid fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Jerome “Jerry” Cornfield

A

(1912-1979)

- Odds ratio in case control studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

William Petty

A

(1623-1687)

  • English economist, scientist, philosopher
  • Developed efficient methods to survey the land
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

George Baker

A

(1722-1809)
- English physician
-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Percivall Pott

A

(1714-1788)

  • English surgeon
  • Founders of orthopedic
  • First scientist to demonstrate cancer may be caused by environmental carcinogen, soot and high incidence of scrotal cancer in chimney sweeps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Edward Jenner

A

(1749-1823)

  • English physician pioneer of smallpox vaccine (world’s first)
  • Often called father of immunology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pierre Charles Alexandre Louis

A

(1787-1872)
- French physician, known for his studies on TB, typhoid fever, pneumonia
- greatest contribution development of “numerical method” (i.e. objectivity), forerunner to epi and modern clinical trials
-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Edwin Chadwick

A

(1800-1890)

  • proponent of miasma
  • English social reformer, noted for reform of Poor Laws, and improved sanitary conditions and public health
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ignaz Semmelweis

A

(1818-1865)

  • Hungarian physician
  • Discovered hand washing could drastically reduce mortality
  • Published clinical findings in 1861 on hand-washing reducing mortality, but practice wasn’t acted until years after death when Louis Pasteur confirmed germ theory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Robert Koch

A

(1843-1910)

  • German physician and pioneering microbiologist
  • Considered one of the founders of bacteriology
  • Known for his role in IDing specific causative agents of TB cholera, and anthrax
  • 1870s: developed seqn of experimental steps for directly relating a specific microbe to a specific disease (Henle-Koch postulates)
  • Contributed to the germ theory of disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carlos Finlay, walter reed, william gorgas

A

CF (1833-1915), WR (1851-1902), WG (1854-1920)
- Eradication of yellow fever
-

17
Q

Joseph Goldberger

A

(1874-1929)

  • American physician and epidemiologist employed in the U.S public health service (PHS)
  • advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease
  • postulated that pellagra (niacin deficiency disease) was diet related rather than infectious
18
Q

Wade Hampton Frost

A

(1880-1938)

  • First prof of epi at JHU in the first Epi dept in the U.S.
  • Investigated epidemics of yellow fever, typhoid, polio, meningitis, and influenza
19
Q

Janet Lane-Claypon

A

(1877-1967)

  • English physician, one of the founders of science of epi, pioneering the use of cohort and case-control studies
  • 1912 published of two groups - cohorts - of babies fed cows milk vs breast milk. Used statistical tests for differences, also investigated confounding
20
Q

Austin Bradford Hill

A

(1987-1991)

  • Grandfather of modern epidemiology
  • With Richard Doll, first to demonstrate connection between smoking and lung cancer
  • Developed theories of association/causation still used today to characterize causal relationships between exp and disease
  • Conducted first RCT of streptomycin and tuberculosis in 1946. treatment/control allocated using random sampling in sealed envelopes rather than order of admission as previously done
  • Hill’s causal criteria
21
Q

Richard Doll

A

(1912-2005)

- British doctor’s study (smoking)

22
Q

Abraham Lilienfeld

A

(1920-1984)

  • recognized internationally as expert in cancer research
  • pioneer in developing epi methods for the study of chronic diseases. ‘father of contemporary chronic disease epi’
  • 1961, professor and chairman of the dept of chronic diseases at JH school of hygiene and public health
  • 1970 professor and chairman of the dept of epi
23
Q

Nathan Mantel

A

(1919-2002)

  • Mantel-Haenszel OR and test
  • use of prospective logistic risk model to analyze case-control data
  • Later in his life known for defending the tobacco industry against claims that passive smoking is harmful
24
Q

George Comstock

A

(1915-2007)

  • Chief of epi studies for TB program for U.S public health service
  • Directed JH training center for public health research in hagerstown, md
25
Q

William B Kannel

A
  • framingham heart study director

- first coined the term “risk factor” in 1961 article in Annals

Epi History (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions