Historical Developments Flashcards
a French Engineer, made extensive time study on the manufacture of No. 6 common pins
Jean Rodolphe Perronet (1760)
an English economist, conducted time studies on the manufacture of No. 11 common pins
Charles Babbage (1820)
began his time study work
*He proposed that the work of the employee be planned out by the management at least one day in advance.
*Workers were to receive complete written instructions describing their tasks in detail and noting the means to accomplish them.
Frederick Winslow Taylor (1881)
He advocated breaking up the task assignments into small divisions of effort known as
*He advocated breaking up the task assignments into small divisions of effort known as ELEMENTS
In his “Shop Management” project presentation he included the scientific management elements like:
time study;
standardization of all tools and tasks;
use of planning department;
use of slide rules and similar time saving implements;
instruction cards for workers;
bonuses for successful performance;
differential rates;
mnemonic systems for classifying products;
routing systems; and
modern cost systems.
Taylor Famous on his
pig-iron experiment and the shoveling experiment
Well-known for his discovery of the
Taylor-White process of heat treatment for tool steel.
were the founders of the modern time study technique
Frank and Lillian Gilbreths
Which is now defined as
the study of body motions used in performing an operation
*The purpose of motion study:
*To improve the operation by eliminating unnecessary motions
*Simplifying necessary motions
*Establishing the most favorable motion sequence for maximum efficiency Increase production
*Reduce fatigue ; and
*Instruct the operators in the best method of performing an operation
They developed the technique of filming motions to study them. It is known as the
micromotion study
They also developed the _________ and __________ graphic analysis techniques for studying the motion paths made by an operator.
cyclegraphic, chronocycle
involves attaching a small electric light bulb to the finger or the hand or part of the body being studied and then photographing the motion while the operator is performing the operation. The resulting picture gives a permanent record of the motion pattern employed and can be analyzed for possible improvement.
Cyclegraphic technique
is similar to cyclegraph, but its electric circuit is interrupted regularly,causing the light to flash. Instead of showing solid lines of the motion patterns, the resulting photograph shows short dashes of light spaced in proportion to the speed of the body motion being photographed.
Chronocyclegraph
