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MT 6320 LEC > Historical background & Taxonomy > Flashcards

Historical background & Taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

Systematic study of organisms that is too small to be seen by the naked eye

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

Microbiology involves the study of

A
  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
  • Parasites
  • Fungi
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3
Q

Why do we study microbes?

A
  • To identify causative agent of disease
  • Some microbes are beneficial to humans
  • Helps MT in identification, isolation, and diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria
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4
Q

Suggested that disease is caused by “invisible living creatures”

A

Girolamo Fracastoro

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5
Q

Proposed the “Germ Theory”

A

Girolamo Fracastoro

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6
Q

Father of Protozoology and Bacteriology

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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7
Q

First person to observe and describe microorganisms and called them as “animalcules”

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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8
Q

Observed bacteria and protozoa in pond water and own blood and specimens

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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9
Q

Father of modern Microbiology

A

Louis Pasteur

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10
Q

Process of treating food with mild heat to eliminate pathogens and extend shelf life

A

Pasteurization

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11
Q

Disproved Spontaneous Generation

A

Pasteurization

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12
Q

What theory says that life arises from non-living matter (e.g. fermenting dough)?

A

Spontaneous Generation by Aristotle

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13
Q

Complex living things come only from other living things, by means of reproduction.

A

Biogenesis

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14
Q

Rudolph Virchow first proposed Biogenesis

True or False

A

True

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15
Q

Proponent of Biogenesis

A

Louis Pasteur

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16
Q

Creation of Attenuated Vaccines

A

Louis Pasteur

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17
Q

What is Attenuated Vaccines?

A

Pathogen with drastically reduced virulence but is practically the same live organism

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18
Q

Discovered fermentation

A

Louis Pasteur

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19
Q

Developed the antiseptic system of surgery

A

Joseph Lister

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20
Q

Phenol is bacteriostatic at concentration 1-2% and bactericidal and fungicidal at concentration 0.1-1%

True or False

A

False

Phenol is bacteriostatic at concentration 0.1-1% and
bactericidal and fungicidal at concentration 2-3%

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21
Q

Carbolic acid (phenol) as antiseptic

A

Antiseptic system of surgery by Joseph Lister

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22
Q

Launched golden age of Medical Bacteriology via Koch’s
Postulates

A

Robert Koch

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23
Q

Discovery of Bacillus anthracis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Robert Koch

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24
Q

Causative agent of Anthrax and Tuberculosis

A

Bacillus Anthracis and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

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25
Q

Culture of bacteria using media

A

Robert Koch

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26
Q

Use of agar and petri dish in cultivating bacteria

A

Robert Koch

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27
Q

Koch’s Postulates

Evidence required to establish relationship between microorganism and disease:

A
  1. Microorganism must be observed in every case of the disease (causative agent)
  2. It must be isolated and grown in pure culture
  3. The pure culture, when inoculated in animals, must reproduce the disease.
  4. Microorganism must be recovered from the diseased animal
28
Q

Discovered salvarsan to treat syphilis

A

Paul Ehrlich

29
Q

Discovered Penicillin

A

Alexander Fleming

30
Q

Penicillin was discovered from a bacteria

True or False

A

False

Penicillin was discovered from mold

31
Q

An area of science that deals with the study of 3 distinct but interrelated disciplines (classification, nomenclature. identification)

A

Taxonomy

32
Q

Greek etymology from the word _____ meaning “arrangement” and _____ meaning law

A

taxes, nomos

33
Q

orderly classification and grouping of organisms in taxa meaning “category”

A

Taxonomy

34
Q

Taxonomy based on genotypic characteristic, phenotypic characteristics, and phylogenetics.

A

Polyphasic Taxonomy

35
Q

Method of classification combines the traditional genotypic, phenotypic, and phylogenetic into a general-purpose classification system

A

Polyphasic Taxonomy

36
Q

Evolutionary Relationships

A

Phylogenetic

37
Q

What does MALDI-TOF-MS stand for?

A

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization
Time Of Flight
Mass Spectrometry

38
Q

Father of Taxonomy

A

Carolus Linnaeus

39
Q

Established rules of basic taxonomic classification

A

Carolus Linnaeus

40
Q

Discovered Binomial Classification

A

Carolus Linnaeus

41
Q

Nomenclature is limited to 2 taxa:

A

genus and species

42
Q

How do you write genus name

A

Capitalized and can be abbreviated

43
Q

How do you write species name

A

starts with a lowercase letter

44
Q

Why are scientific names of organisms are written in italics?

A

they are usually in Latin

45
Q

American Ecologist

A

Robert Whittaker

46
Q

Basis: Cellular organism and nutritional pattern

A

Robert Whittaker

47
Q

What are the 5 Kingdom System

A
  • Monera / Prokaryotae
  • Fungi
  • Protistae
  • Animalia
  • Plantae
48
Q

Discovered the 5 kingdom system

A

Robert Whittaker

49
Q

American Microbiologist and Biophysicist

A

Carl Woese

50
Q

Basis: Cellular organization and function

A

Carl Woese

51
Q

Discovered the Domain System

A

Carl Woese

52
Q

What does the domain system comprise of?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Eukaria
  • Archaea
53
Q

Hierarchical Classification

A
  • Domain
  • Kingdom
  • Division or Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Tribe
  • Genus
  • Species
  • Subspecies

Dear King Philip Come Over For Good Soup

54
Q

Organism population that is differentiated from populations within species

A

Strains

55
Q

Variant prokaryotic strains characterized by biochemical or physiological differences

A

Biovars

56
Q

Variation in serological reactions; strains with distinctive antigenic properties

A

Serovars

57
Q

The “clan” of a bacteria

A

Family

58
Q

The “last name” of a bacteria

A

Genus

59
Q

The “first name” of a bacteria

A

species

60
Q

Matching Type:

  1. Names end in -ales
  2. Name is capitalized and ends in -aceae
  3. Names end in -eae

A. Family
B. Order
C. Tribe

A

B, A, C

Family name is capitalized and ends in –aceae
Order name ends in –ales
Tribe Names end in -eae

61
Q

aka Epithet

A

Species

62
Q

In transferring a species from one genus to another, the species is retained.

True or False

A

True

63
Q

Three distinct groups of classifying organisms by cell organization

A
  • Prokaryotes
  • Eukaryotes
  • Archaea
64
Q

Pathogenic bacteria

A

Prokaryotes

65
Q

Larger cells with membrane-encased organelles

A

Eukaryotes

MT 6320 LEC (2 decks)

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