Historical and Theoretical Foundations

Question 1

Persona

Answer 1

The mask

Question 2

Personare

Answer 2

to sound through, the enacted script, how you act

Question 3

Person

Answer 3

the actor beneath the mask, dialogues, authentic voice

Question 4

Hippocrates

Answer 4

4 humours with medical condition

Question 5

Galen

Answer 5

4 humours but with temperament

Question 6

Modern view of personality

Answer 6

enduring pattern of thoughts, feelings and behaviours
Characteristic traits and unique dispositions
A shift from personification (roles) to personalization (dispositions)

Question 7

Jung

Answer 7

used 4 humours: Introversion and Extroversion

Question 8

Hans Eysenck’s typology

Answer 8

from 4 humours: intro/extroversion + stable (sanguine and phlegmatic) and unstable(choleric and melancholic)

Question 9

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Answer 9

Based on Jung’s typology (introverted, extroverted, rational and irrational – thinking, feeling, sensing, and intuiting)
16 dimensions
Most widely used
predicts performance on social cognitive tasks
but very subjective to change depending on context/time
Not a good predictive of healthy behs/attitudes

Question 10

The 4 personality types

Answer 10

A, B, C, & D
descriptive and not analytical
not reliable
still from 4 humours (choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic, melancholic)

Question 11

Personality Disorder Classification in DSM V

Answer 11

10 disorders based on 3 clusters

Question 12

Cluster A

Answer 12

odd/eccentric

paranoid, schizoid and schozotypal

Question 13

Cluster B

Answer 13

Dramatic/Erratic

borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial

Question 14

Cluster C

Answer 14

anxious/fearful
Avoidant personality disorder
Dependent personality disorder
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Question 15

Treatment for personality disorders

Answer 15

most don’t respond that well to treatments (treat symptoms, not environment)
healing should be from within not external symptoms

Question 16

Descriptive phenomenology

Answer 16

Husserl
studied how people perceive reality, always changing
subjective vs objective: different, what qualities (descriptive)
ex attractiveness

Question 17

Interpretive (hermeneutic) phenomenology

Answer 17

Heidegger

Descriptive then but in broader social/historical context

Question 18

Life world

Answer 18

the socio-historical context of your life
experiential perspective
immediately given shared world (objects, actions, phenomena, etc) to certain groups of people
changes in time (beliefs in our society, etc)
significant and meaningful to us

Question 19

Lived world

Answer 19

Subjective Experience of Self

4 layers

Question 20

1st Umwelt – Impersonal (environmental) self

Answer 20

Masks: reveals what you are
Surface level skin
no vulnerability

Question 21

2nd Mitwelt – Interpersonal self

Answer 21

scripts: how you are
Experiences of one’s self and another
within a given relationship
ex. intimate friends

Question 22

3rd Eigenwelt - intrapersonal self

Answer 22

The actor
Reveals who you are
Full Psychological and emotional experience of one’s Self
subjective and full personal awareness

Question 23

4th Uberwelt - transpersonal self

Answer 23

the director: where you move
beyond yourself
Intuitive, spiritual or encompassing experience of Self as being at One with all that is
desire for growth/passion/challenging

Question 24

The Figure-Ground Phenomenon

Answer 24

The inter-relationship of the life-world and the lived-world is referred to as being-in-the-world
the way in which we perceive, comprehend, and interpret objects, phenomena and ourselves within the c

Question 25

Figure

Answer 25

your lived-world (subjectivity)
Personality = what you are (the act) + how you are (the script)
Person = who you are (the actor) + where you are moving (director)

Question 26

Ground

Answer 26

the life-world (social context)

The socio-cultural environment – i.e., family, community, society, etc.