Histopathology Flashcards
1
Q
A 70 year old lady presents to her GP complaining of tight chest pain, which radiated to her left arm and was relieved by rest. Her ECG revealed some ST depression. A. Mitral Stenosis B. Aortic Dissection C. Transient Ischaemic Attack D. Dressler’s Syndrome E. Aortic Stenosis F. Pericarditis G. Decubitus Angina H. Restrictive cardiomyopathy I. Stable Angina J. Acute Coronary Syndrome K. Coarctation of the Aorta L. Acute Myocardial Infarction M. Pulmonary embolus N. Cerebrovascular Accident O. Ventricular Tachycardia
A
I. Stable Angina
2
Q
A 50 year old male smoker, with a history of hypertension presents to the A and E department with continuous, central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm. The ECG showed st elevation. A. Mitral Stenosis B. Aortic Dissection C. Transient Ischaemic Attack D. Dressler’s Syndrome E. Aortic Stenosis F. Pericarditis G. Decubitus Angina H. Restrictive cardiomyopathy I. Stable Angina J. Acute Coronary Syndrome K. Coarctation of the Aorta L. Acute Myocardial Infarction M. Pulmonary embolus N. Cerebrovascular Accident O. Ventricular Tachycardia
A
L. Acute Myocardial Infarction
3
Q
A 63 year old obese, diabetic male presents to A and E with tight chest pain at rest, which radiated to the left arm and lasted for less than 20 minutes. The CK was not raised. A. Mitral Stenosis B. Aortic Dissection C. Transient Ischaemic Attack D. Dressler’s Syndrome E. Aortic Stenosis F. Pericarditis G. Decubitus Angina H. Restrictive cardiomyopathy I. Stable Angina J. Acute Coronary Syndrome K. Coarctation of the Aorta L. Acute Myocardial Infarction M. Pulmonary embolus N. Cerebrovascular Accident O. Ventricular Tachycardia
A
J - Acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina) is defined as recurrent episodes of angina on minimal effort or at rest and persists for longer than stable angina.
4
Q
A 68 year old man presents with sudden onset chest pain, which radiated to the back. On examination the patient was shocked, with a hemiplegia and the chest X-ray showed mediastinal enlargement. A. Mitral Stenosis B. Aortic Dissection C. Transient Ischaemic Attack D. Dressler’s Syndrome E. Aortic Stenosis F. Pericarditis G. Decubitus Angina H. Restrictive cardiomyopathy I. Stable Angina J. Acute Coronary Syndrome K. Coarctation of the Aorta L. Acute Myocardial Infarction M. Pulmonary embolus N. Cerebrovascular Accident O. Ventricular Tachycardia
A
B. Aortic Dissection
5
Q
A 73 year old man with a known history of peripheral vascular disease presents to the A and E department with a sudden onset hemiplegia which resolved within 24 hours. A. Mitral Stenosis B. Aortic Dissection C. Transient Ischaemic Attack D. Dressler’s Syndrome E. Aortic Stenosis F. Pericarditis G. Decubitus Angina H. Restrictive cardiomyopathy I. Stable Angina J. Acute Coronary Syndrome K. Coarctation of the Aorta L. Acute Myocardial Infarction M. Pulmonary embolus N. Cerebrovascular Accident O. Ventricular Tachycardia
A
C. Transient Ischaemic Attack
6
Q
A 65 year old man is in hospital after suffering an acute myocardial infarction. The house officer hears a pansystolic murmur on auscultation. A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy B. Aortic stenosis C. Dilated cardiomyopathy D. Infective endocarditis E. Rheumatic fever F. Myomalacia cordis G. Congenital septal defect H. Pericardial effusion I. Myxomatous mitral valve J. Pericarditis K. Mitral regurgitation L. Aortic regurgitation
A
F. Myomalacia cordis
7
Q
A 28 year old sportsman presents to A&E with severe chest pain and breathlessness. He has a history of asthma. There is a systolic murmur on examination A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy B. Aortic stenosis C. Dilated cardiomyopathy D. Infective endocarditis E. Rheumatic fever F. Myomalacia cordis G. Congenital septal defect H. Pericardial effusion I. Myxomatous mitral valve J. Pericarditis K. Mitral regurgitation L. Aortic regurgitation
A
A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
8
Q
39 year old lady suffers a sharp retrosternal chest pain which is worse on inspiration. The finding on auscultation is typical of this presentation. A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy B. Aortic stenosis C. Dilated cardiomyopathy D. Infective endocarditis E. Rheumatic fever F. Myomalacia cordis G. Congenital septal defect H. Pericardial effusion I. Myxomatous mitral valve J. Pericarditis K. Mitral regurgitation L. Aortic regurgitation
A
J. Pericarditis
9
Q
middle aged women is in hospital after fainting at the gym. She has a severe headache and feels generally unwell. There is a systolic ejection murmur on examination A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy B. Aortic stenosis C. Dilated cardiomyopathy D. Infective endocarditis E. Rheumatic fever F. Myomalacia cordis G. Congenital septal defect H. Pericardial effusion I. Myxomatous mitral valve J. Pericarditis K. Mitral regurgitation L. Aortic regurgitation
A
B. Aortic stenosis
10
Q
A 46 year old women presents to A&E out of breath and with severe chest pain. On examination a mid systolic click late systolic murmur is revealed. A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy B. Aortic stenosis C. Dilated cardiomyopathy D. Infective endocarditis E. Rheumatic fever F. Myomalacia cordis G. Congenital septal defect H. Pericardial effusion I. Myxomatous mitral valve J. Pericarditis K. Mitral regurgitation L. Aortic regurgitation
A
I. Myxomatous mitral valve
11
Q
A 10 year old boy presents with skin rash and joint pain in his elbows and knees. His mother tells you that he recently had a sore throat. On examination he is found to have an ejection systolic murmur and a friction rub. A. Acute bacterial endocarditis B. Cardiomyopathy (Hypertrophic) C. Cardiomyopathy (Dilated) D. Acute rheumatic fever E. Subacute bacterial endocarditis F. Aortic stenosis - Degenerative G. Chronic rheumatic valvular disease H. Pericarditis I. Cardiomyopathy (Restrictive J. Aortic stenosis – acquired K. Non infective endocarditis L. Cardiac Failure M. Cardiomyopathy (Obliterative)
A
D. Acute rheumatic fever
12
Q
A 69 year old woman is suffering from sudden onset fever and malaise. There is no previous history of heart disease. Auscultation reveals a heart murmur. She later develops sepsis. A. Acute bacterial endocarditis B. Cardiomyopathy (Hypertrophic) C. Cardiomyopathy (Dilated) D. Acute rheumatic fever E. Subacute bacterial endocarditis F. Aortic stenosis - Degenerative G. Chronic rheumatic valvular disease H. Pericarditis I. Cardiomyopathy (Restrictive J. Aortic stenosis – acquired K. Non infective endocarditis L. Cardiac Failure M. Cardiomyopathy (Obliterative)
A
A. Acute bacterial endocarditis
13
Q
A 40 year old man presents with a sharp chest pain. He has a pericardial friction rub, diminished heart sounds and a raised JVP. A. Acute bacterial endocarditis B. Cardiomyopathy (Hypertrophic) C. Cardiomyopathy (Dilated) D. Acute rheumatic fever E. Subacute bacterial endocarditis F. Aortic stenosis - Degenerative G. Chronic rheumatic valvular disease H. Pericarditis I. Cardiomyopathy (Restrictive J. Aortic stenosis – acquired K. Non infective endocarditis L. Cardiac Failure M. Cardiomyopathy (Obliterative)
A
H. Pericarditis
14
Q
A 25 year old man presents with palpitations. Chest X-ray shows an enlarged heart and echocardiogram shows thickening of the septum. A. Acute bacterial endocarditis B. Cardiomyopathy (Hypertrophic) C. Cardiomyopathy (Dilated) D. Acute rheumatic fever E. Subacute bacterial endocarditis F. Aortic stenosis - Degenerative G. Chronic rheumatic valvular disease H. Pericarditis I. Cardiomyopathy (Restrictive J. Aortic stenosis – acquired K. Non infective endocarditis L. Cardiac Failure M. Cardiomyopathy (Obliterative)
A
B. Cardiomyopathy (Hypertrophic)
15
Q
A 75 year old diabetic female with a history of 4 myocardial infarctions presents with shortness of breath and ankle swelling. She was found to have an enlarged liver and echocardiogram demonstrated a dilated heart. A. Acute bacterial endocarditis B. Cardiomyopathy (Hypertrophic) C. Cardiomyopathy (Dilated) D. Acute rheumatic fever E. Subacute bacterial endocarditis F. Aortic stenosis - Degenerative G. Chronic rheumatic valvular disease H. Pericarditis I. Cardiomyopathy (Restrictive J. Aortic stenosis – acquired K. Non infective endocarditis L. Cardiac Failure M. Cardiomyopathy (Obliterative)
A
L. Cardiac Failure
16
Q
A 19 year old American student with bronchiectasis is on inhaled tobramycin for chronic Pseudomonal infection. The mutation delta F508 is identified. A. Renal tubular acidosis B. Carcinoma tail of the pancreas C. Gallstones D. Vibrio cholerae infection E. Iatrogenic pancreatitis F. Hypercalcaemia G. Haemochromatosis H. Chronic alcoholic pancreatitis I. Pseudocysts J. Gallstone pancreatitis K. Insulinoma L. Cystic fibrosis M. Carcinoma head of the pancreas N. VIPoma (Werner Morrison syndrome)
A
L. Cystic fibrosis
17
Q
A 68 year old smoker presents with jaundice and worsening abdominal and back pain. Scratch marks are seen on his arms and legs. He has lost 5kg in 2 months. Ultrasound shows dilated intrahepatic bile ducts. A. Renal tubular acidosis B. Carcinoma tail of the pancreas C. Gallstones D. Vibrio cholerae infection E. Iatrogenic pancreatitis F. Hypercalcaemia G. Haemochromatosis H. Chronic alcoholic pancreatitis I. Pseudocysts J. Gallstone pancreatitis K. Insulinoma L. Cystic fibrosis M. Carcinoma head of the pancreas N. VIPoma (Werner Morrison syndrome)
A
M. Carcinoma head of the pancreas - Carcinoma of the head of the pancreas causes obstructive jaundice, whereas that of the tail does not.
18
Q
A 39 year old Nepalese man presents with severe watery diarrhoea. He is found to have hypokalaemia and, surprisingly, a metabolic acidosis. A RUQ mass is detected by contrast-enhanced spiral CT scanning. Stool bicarb is high and urine anion gap is negative. A. Renal tubular acidosis B. Carcinoma tail of the pancreas C. Gallstones D. Vibrio cholerae infection E. Iatrogenic pancreatitis F. Hypercalcaemia G. Haemochromatosis H. Chronic alcoholic pancreatitis I. Pseudocysts J. Gallstone pancreatitis K. Insulinoma L. Cystic fibrosis M. Carcinoma head of the pancreas N. VIPoma (Werner Morrison syndrome)
A
N. VIPoma (Werner Morrison syndrome)
19
Q
A 59 year old widow complains of persistent back pain, loss of appetite and that she has dropped from dress size 18 to a size 14 in just 2 months. She was recently diagnosed with diabetes. A large central mass is palpable as well hepatosplenomegaly. A. Renal tubular acidosis B. Carcinoma tail of the pancreas C. Gallstones D. Vibrio cholerae infection E. Iatrogenic pancreatitis F. Hypercalcaemia G. Haemochromatosis H. Chronic alcoholic pancreatitis I. Pseudocysts J. Gallstone pancreatitis K. Insulinoma L. Cystic fibrosis M. Carcinoma head of the pancreas N. VIPoma (Werner Morrison syndrome)
A
B. Carcinoma tail of the pancreas - Carcinoma of the head of the pancreas causes obstructive jaundice, whereas that of the tail does not.
20
Q
A 47 year old lecturer is referred to hospital clinic from his GP with worsening abdominal pain. He has a poor diet and weight loss. He has previously been prescribed Thiamine. A. Renal tubular acidosis B. Carcinoma tail of the pancreas C. Gallstones D. Vibrio cholerae infection E. Iatrogenic pancreatitis F. Hypercalcaemia G. Haemochromatosis H. Chronic alcoholic pancreatitis I. Pseudocysts J. Gallstone pancreatitis K. Insulinoma L. Cystic fibrosis M. Carcinoma head of the pancreas N. VIPoma (Werner Morrison syndrome)
A
H. Chronic alcoholic pancreatitis
21
Q
65 year old female with a large, cystic mass on tail of pancreas imaged using computed tomography. Further cytology reported the presence of epithelium A. Scorpion Sting B. Thrombophlebitis C. Whipples' resection D. Gall Bladder E. Hyperlipidaemia F. Agenesis G. Trousseau’s Syndrome H. Type 1 Diabetes I. Pseudocyst J. Carcinoma of the Pancreas K. Pancreatitis L. Cystic Fibrosis M. Cystadenoma N. Alcoholism O. Pancreas Divisum P. Jaundice
A
M. Cystadenoma - A cystadenoma has an epithelial wall or capsule that contains a fluid collection.
22
Q
55 year old, diabetic, afro-Caribbean male presents with weight loss, poor diet and a gnawing pain in his back, which is sometimes felt ‘under his chest’ A. Scorpion Sting B. Thrombophlebitis C. Whipples' resection D. Gall Bladder E. Hyperlipidaemia F. Agenesis G. Trousseau’s Syndrome H. Type 1 Diabetes I. Pseudocyst J. Carcinoma of the Pancreas K. Pancreatitis L. Cystic Fibrosis M. Cystadenoma N. Alcoholism O. Pancreas Divisum P. Jaundice
A
J. Carcinoma of the Pancreas
23
Q
The commonest cause of acute pancreatitis in the UK. A. Scorpion Sting B. Thrombophlebitis C. Whipples' resection D. Gall Bladder E. Hyperlipidaemia F. Agenesis G. Trousseau’s Syndrome H. Type 1 Diabetes I. Pseudocyst J. Carcinoma of the Pancreas K. Pancreatitis L. Cystic Fibrosis M. Cystadenoma N. Alcoholism O. Pancreas Divisum P. Jaundice
A
N. Alcoholism
24
Q
Inflammatory condition of the exocrine pancreas that results in injury to acinar cells. A. Scorpion Sting B. Thrombophlebitis C. Whipples' resection D. Gall Bladder E. Hyperlipidaemia F. Agenesis G. Trousseau’s Syndrome H. Type 1 Diabetes I. Pseudocyst J. Carcinoma of the Pancreas K. Pancreatitis L. Cystic Fibrosis M. Cystadenoma N. Alcoholism O. Pancreas Divisum P. Jaundice
A
K. Pancreatitis
