Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MTAP 2 > HISTOPATH HANDOUT > Flashcards

HISTOPATH HANDOUT Flashcards

1
Q

Frequently dividing cells, to replace lost cells of the body

A

Labile cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Not typically diving; do not frequently undergo cell division– only to replace injured cells

A

Stable cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Do not undergo replication following maturation

A

Permanent cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Incomplete or defective development of tissue/organ

A

Aplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The affected organ shows no resemblance to its normal mature structure; happens in “PAIRED” organs
Ex. Kidney, Gonads

A

Aplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Complete non-appearance of organ.

A

Agenesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Failure or tissue/organ to reach normal mature adult size

A

Hypoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Failure of organ to form an opening

A

Atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Acquired decrease in tissue / organ size

A

Atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Develops as consequence of maturation

A

Physiologic atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ex. Atrophy of thymus at puberty; decrease in uterus size after child birth

A

Physiologic atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Occurs if blood supply to an organ becomes reduced or below critical level

A

Vascular atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Persistent pressure on the organ or tissue may directly injure the cell or may secondarily promote diminution of blood supply

A

Pressure atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Due to lack of hormones needed to maintain normal size and structure

A

Endocrine atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Due to lack of nutritional supply to sustain normal growth

A

Hunger/starvation atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Inactivity or diminished activity/function

A

Atrophy of disuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Too much workload can cause general wasting of tissues

A

Exhaustion atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Increase in tissue / organ size due to an increase in size of cells

A

Hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cellular adaptation that don’t produce new cells

A

Hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ex. Hypertrophy of skeletal muscle because of frequent exercise

A

Physiologic hypertropy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ex. Hypertrophy of myocardium due to hypertension

A

Pathologic hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Response to a deficiency; occurs when one of the organ paired organs is removed

A

Compensatory hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Increased in tissue or organ size due to an increase in the number of cells making up the organ

A

Hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Involves transformation of adult cell type into another adult cell type

A

Metaplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cells involved are epithelial cells

A

Epithelial metaplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cells involved are connective tissue

A

Mesenchymal metaplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Atypical metaplasia; change in cell size, shape and orientation

A

Dysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Involves transformation of adult cells to embryonic or fetal cells

A

Anaplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The affected cell may recover

A

Reversible injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Inability of cells to recover

A

Irreversible injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Hypoxic injury can be irreversible after?
________ for neurons
1-2 hours for _________
________ for skeletal muscle

A

3-5 minutes
For myocardial cells and hepatocytes
May hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Gross changes of reversible changes

A

Organ pallor
Increased weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Microscopic changes of irreversible changes

A

Cellular swelling
Fatty denaturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Irreversible changes are due to

A

enzymatic digestion of cells
Protein denaturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Cytoplasmic changes in irreversible injury

A
  1. Larger cells “cloudy swelling”
  2. Increased eosinophilia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Cytoplasmic changes of irreversible injury that causes condensation of nucleus

A

Pyknosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Cytoplasmic changes of irreversible injury that causes fragmentation /segmentation of nucleus

A

Karyolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Cytoplasmic changes of irreversible injury that causes dissolution of nucleus

A

Karyorrhexis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Programmed cell death

A

Apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Accidental cell death

A

Necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

There is leakage of cellular components that causes inflammation

A

Necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Death of single cell in cluster of cells

A

Apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Cell death is due to ischemia

A

Coagulative necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Microscopically cell outlines are preserved

A

Coagulative necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

On gross, affected organs somewhat firm, appearing like a boiled material

A

Coagulative necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Ex. Myocardial infarction

A

Coagulative necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Complete digestion of cells ; on gross, affected organ appears liquefied, creamy yellow

A

Liquefactive necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Ex. Brain infarction and suppurative bacterial infarction

A

Liquefactive necrosis

49
Q

On gross, tissue/organ appears greasy resembling cheese

A

Caseous necrosis

50
Q

Microscopically it appears as amorphous granular debri surrounded by granulomatous inflammation

A

Caseous necrosis

51
Q

Necrosis usually seen in TB

A

Caseous necrosis

52
Q

Seen in immune reaction of the blood vessel; deposition of fibrin in vessel wall

A

Fibrinoid necrosi

53
Q

Destruction of fat cells due to release of pancreatic lipases
Death of fat tissues due to loss of blood supply
On gross, necrotic material appears Chalky white
On microscopy, infiltrates of foamy macrophage adjacent to adipose tissues

A

Fat necrosis

54
Q

Seen in pancreatitis
Affected organ is usually breast

A

Fat necrosis

55
Q

Necrosis secondary to ischemia

A

Gangrenous necrosis

56
Q

due to venous occlusion

A

Wet gangrene

57
Q

Due to arterial occlusion

A

Dry gangrene

58
Q

Tissue reacting to injury

A

Inflammation

59
Q

What are the ultimate goal of inflammation?

A
  1. To remove the initial cause of injury
  2. To remove consequences of injury
60
Q

PAIN

A

Dolor

61
Q

Redness due to increase rate of blood flow

A

RUBOR

62
Q

HEAT

A

CALOR

63
Q

TUMOR

A

Swelling

64
Q

Destruction of functioning units of the cell

A

Function laesa

65
Q

Rapid response to an injurious agent

A

Acute inflammation

66
Q

Hallmark signs of acute inflammation?

A

Exudation and edema

67
Q

Cellular infiltrate of acute inflammation

A

Neutrophils

68
Q

Inflammation of prolonged duration

A

Chronic inflammation

69
Q

Cellular infiltrate of chronic inflammation

A

Mononuclear cells (macrophage, lymphocytes, and plasma cells)

70
Q

Resolution of inflammation

A

Healing

71
Q

Replacement of loss or necrotic tissues with a new tissue that is similar to those that were destroyed

A

Regeneration

72
Q

Changes can be observed immediately after death

A

Primary changes

73
Q

Changes that can be observed immediately after death

A

Primary changes

74
Q

Changes that can be noted FEW HOURS after death

A

Secondary changes

75
Q

Death of the entire body

A

Somatic death

76
Q

Cooling of the body

A

Algor mortis

77
Q

Algor mortis happens @ a rate of ?

A

7 F/hr

78
Q

Stiffening of the body

A

Rigor mortis

79
Q

Rigor mortis starts ______ ff death, completes at ______ and stiffness remains for _______ , persist for ________

A

2-3 hrs
6-8 hrs
12-36 hrs
3-4 days

80
Q

Purplish discoloration of skin

A

Livor mortis

81
Q

Sinking of fluid blood into capillaries of the dependent body parts

A

Livor mortis

82
Q

Importance: can determine if body position has changed at the scene of death

A

Livor mortis

83
Q

Settling and separation of RBCs from the fluid phase

A

Post mortem clotting

84
Q

Self destruction; due to the release of hydrolytic enzymes

A

Autolysis

85
Q

Rotting and decomposition by bacterial action

A

Putrefaction

86
Q

Drying and wrinkling of cornea and anterior chamber

A

Dessication

87
Q

Faster in: cold weather, lean malnourished individuals Delayed in infectious diseases followed by increase in temperature

A

Algor mortis

88
Q

Hasten stiffness; warm environment and in infants
Delay: cold temperature and obese individuals

A

Rigor mortis

89
Q

Examination of death body

A

Autopsy

90
Q

Autopsy is also known as

A

Necrosy

91
Q

cadaver is opened from both shoulders down from xiphoid area and incised down to pubis

A

Y-shaped incision

92
Q

Y-shaped incision is usually done in

A

Adult cadavers

93
Q

Autopsy carried by government agencies

A

Medico legal autopsy

94
Q

cadaver is opened from the midline of the body from the suprasternal notch down to the pubis.

A

Straight cut

95
Q

Straight cut incision is usually done in

A

Children and infants

96
Q

Autopsy techniques in which organs are removed one by one

A

Rudolf Virchow

97
Q

Involves “in situ dissection”

A

Carl Rokitansky

98
Q

Involves en-bloc removal of organs

A

Anton GHON

99
Q

Organs are removed “em-masses”

A

Maurice Letulle

100
Q

Process of tumor formation; abnormal proliferation ofcells:; new cells are produced are “FUNCTIONLESS”

A

Neoplasia

101
Q

Parts of tumors:

A
  1. Parenchyma
  2. Stroma
102
Q

Parenchyma

A

Neoplastic cells

103
Q

Stroma

A

Connective tissue framework

104
Q

Purpose: to determine the percentage of the differentiated and undifferentiated cell

A

Grading of tumors

105
Q

Purpose: to determine the percentage of the Differentiated cells and undifferentiated cell

A

Grading of tumors

106
Q

Purpose: to determine the percentage of the Differentiated cells and undifferentiated cell

A

Grading of tumors

107
Q

Staging of tumors are based on the:

A
  1. size of primary lesions
  2. extent of spread to regional lymph nodes
  3. presence or absence of metastases
108
Q

T

A

size of tumor

109
Q

N

A

Number of lymph nodes involved

110
Q

M

A

Presence of metastasis

111
Q

Example of wet gangrene

A

Embolism of foot

112
Q

Example pf dry gangrene

A

Bacterial infection

113
Q

Example of dry gangrene

A

Bacterial infection

114
Q

Example of dry gangrene

A

Bacterial infection

115
Q

Stimulus: cigarette smoking
Original tissue: ?
Metaplastic tissue:?

A

Cilliated columnar epithelium of bronchi

116
Q

Original tissue: transitional epithelium of bladder
Stimulus: ?

A

Trauma of bladder

117
Q

Original tissue:?
Stimulus: gastric acidity
Metaplastic tissue:?

A

Esophageal squamous epithelium

Columnar epithelium

118
Q

Example: renal hypertrophy

A

Compensatory hypertrophy

MTAP 2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions