histopath - cerebrovascular path Flashcards

1
Q

Define stroke

A

> 24hours

  • focal/global loss of cerebral function
  • inadequate vascular perfusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most common site for cerebral thrombosis

A
  1. Carotid bifurcation

2. Basilar artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most common site for cerebral embolus

A

Middle cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Typical site of embolism in TIA?

A

ophthalmic branch of internal carotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ix in TIA to attempt to confirm Dx?

A

Carotid USS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Initial management of TIA

A

Aspirin + dipyridamole +/- carotid endarterectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If <3h since stroke, what is the management

A

thrombolytics + aspirin +/- dipyridamole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cause of global cerebral ischemia

A

Failure of systemic circulation eg HF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 non-traumatic forms of cerebral haemorrhage?

A
  • Intraparenchymal haemorrhage
  • Subarachnoid haemorrhage
  • Arteriovenous malformations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Main RF for intraparenchymal haemorrhage

A

Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most common site of intraparenchymal haemorrhage

A

Basal Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

RFs for subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

PCKD
Ehlers Danlos
Aortic Coarctation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most common cause + site of subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

Carotid bifurcation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tx of subarachnoid haemorrhage from rupture berry aneurysms?

A

coil - stops blood flow through weak vessel area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

coup

A

where impact occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contracoup

A

opposite side to where impact occurred

17
Q

Contusion - tends to affect which lobes?

A

Frontal and temporal

18
Q

Viral causes of meningitis in a neonate? give 4

A

Echovirus
Coxsackie
HIV
Mumps

19
Q

Indolent, childhood brain tumour

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma

20
Q

Tumour in the ventricles, leading to hydrocephalus

A

Ependymoma

21
Q

neurofibromatosis type 2 is associated with which brain tumour?

A

Meningioma

22
Q

2 main types of cerebral oedema

A
  • Vasogenic (leak)

- Cytotoxic (2ndary to vessel injury)

23
Q

How does cerebral oedema resolve itself? i.e. where does the fluid go - state 3 ways

A

1) into blood via AQP4 in foot processes
2) into subarachnoid CSF
3) into ventricles

24
Q

Normal CSF flow in da brain

A

Choroid plexus –> lateral vent –> 3rd vent –> 4th vent –> spinal cord OR subarach space

25
Q

2 types of hydrocephalus

A

1) Communicating (problem with CSF resorption into venous sinuses)
2) Non-communicating (obstruction to CSF flow)

26
Q

Presentation of cerebral arteriovenous malformation

A

Headache, seizure, haemorrhage, focal signs

27
Q

Wtf is a cavernous angioma

A

Collection of large weak capillaries with no parenchyma between them

28
Q

Average age of presentation of a cavernous angioma? how do they present?

A

> 50yo with headache/haemorrhage/focal neuro Sx