Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MTAP 2 > HISTOPATH > Flashcards

HISTOPATH Flashcards

1
Q

The mechanism of cells when exposed to several stress and stimuli under normal conditions

A

ADAPTATION MECHANISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which type of cell do not typically divide cell division such as parenchymal cells?

A

STABLE CELL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A type of cell injury which known as point of no return

A

IRREVERSIBLE INJURY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a type of cell which is frequently dividing to replace the lost cells of the body

A

LABILE CELL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Type of cell that only undergo cell division to replace injured cell

A

STABLE CELL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the defective organ shows no resemblance to the normal mature structure

A

APLASIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Complete non-appearance growth of organ

A

AGENESIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Failure of the organ to reach normal mature size

A

HYPOPLASIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Failure of organ to form an opening

A

ATRESIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Imperforate anus is an example of what abnormal cell growth?

A

ATRESIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This is due to lack of nutritional supply to sustain normal growth

A

HUNGER / STARVATION ATROPHY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

An inactivity or diminished activity or function

A

ATROPHY OF DISUSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Too much workload can cause general wasting of tissue

A

EXHAUSTION ATROPHY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

this may secondarily promote diminution of blood supply

A

PRESSURE ATROPHY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

atrophy that is due to lack of hormones needed to maintain normal size and structure

A

ENDOCRINE ATROPHY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Decrease of uterus size after child birth is an example of?

A

PHYSIOLOGIC ATROPHY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Increase in SIZE of cells making up the organ

A

HYPERTROPHY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Increase in NUMBER of cells making up the organ

A

HYPERPLASIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

it may develop as response to a deficiency that usually occurs when one of paired organs is removed

A

COMPENSATORY HYPERTROPHY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Transformation of ADULT cell to ADULT cell type

A

METAPLASIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Transformation of ADULT cell to EMBRYONIC or FETAL cell

A

ANAPLASIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hypoxic injury can be irreversible after __ for neurons

A

3-5 MINUTES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hypoxic injury can be irreversible after __ for myocardial cells and hepatocytes

A

1-2 HOURS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hypoxic injury can be irreversible after __ for skeletal muscles

A

MANY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which of the reversible changes is the earliest manifestation to be observed?

A

CELLULAR SWELLING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

1 cause of cell injury

A

ANOXIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

This change in cell size, shape and orientation

A

DYSPLASIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the changes to be observed in cytoplasmic in irreversible injury

A

1) Larger cells “cloudy swelling”
2) Increased eosinophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Dissolution of nucleus in irreversible injury

A

KARYORRHEXIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Fragmentation or segmentation of nucleus in irreversible injury

A

KARYOLYSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Labile cells under this type of cell death

A

APOPTOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the chief morphologic features of apoptosis?

A

1) chromatin condensation
2) chromatin fragmentation
3) cell shrinkage
4) cytoplasmic bleb formation
5) phagocytosis of apoptotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which type of cell death has the characteristics of cell shrinkage and no leakage of cellular components?

A

APOPTOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

which type of cell death causes cell swelling and leakage of cellular components leading to inflammation?

A

NECROSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Cell death that is due to sudden cut-off of blood supply or ischemia

A

COAGULATIVE NECROSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Cell death of which the action of hydrolytic enzymes is blocked

A

COAGULATIVE NECROSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

On gross, this type of necrosis appears as somewhat firm, or boiled material

A

COAGULATIVE NECROSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

A type of necrosis which has complete digestion of cells

A

LIQUEFACTIVE NECROSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

On gross, this type of necrosis appears liquefied and creamy yellow due to increase pus

A

LIQUEFACTIVE NECROSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Microscopically, this type of necrosis appears as amorphous granular debri surrounded by granulomatous inflammation

A

CASEOUS NECROSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Microscopically, the affected cells of coagulative necrosis appear as

A

GHOSTLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

The destruction of adipose cells is due to release of pancreatic lipase

A

FAT NECROSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Fat necrosis is usually seen in

A

PANCREATITIS

44
Q

Caseous necrosis is usually seen in

A

TUBERCULOSIS

45
Q

On microscopy, this type of necrosis infiltrates foamy macrophage adjacent to adipose tissues

A

FAT NECROSIS

46
Q

This is not specific pattern of necrosis

A

GANGRENOUS NECROSIS

47
Q

this is due to venous occlusion

A

WET GRANGRENE

48
Q

this is due to arterial occlusion

A

DRY GANGRENE

49
Q

Destruction of functioning units of the cell

A

FUNCTION LAESA

50
Q

CARDINAL SIGNS
DOLOR -
RUBOR -
CALOR -
TUMOR -

A

Dolor - PAIN
Rubor - REDNESS
Calor - HEAT
Tumor - SWELLING

51
Q

Rapid response to an injurious agent

A

ACUTE INFLAMMATION

52
Q

Hallmark signs of Acute Inflammation

A

1) EXUDATION
2) EDEMA

53
Q

Which wbc is active during acute inflammation

A

NEUTROPHIL

54
Q

It occurs when there is excess in interstitial tissue & serious cavities

A

EDEMA

55
Q

An escape of fluids, proteins, and blood cells from vascular system is called

A

EXUDATION

56
Q

Inflammation of prolonged duration

A

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

57
Q

The cellular infiltrate in chronic inflammation is/are

A

MONONUCLEAR CELLS (macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells)

58
Q

What happens when inflammation is resolved

A

HEALING

59
Q

What type of resolution is a replacement of lost / necrotic tissue with a new tissue but is not similar to those that were destroyed?

A

REPLACEMENT BY A CT SCAR

60
Q

What type of resolution that has no destruction of normal tissue?

A

SIMPLE RESOLUTION

61
Q

A type of resolution in which the clearance of mediators and inflammatory happens after the reabsorption of excess fluid

A

SIMPLE RESOLUTION

62
Q

Which of the ff resolution is a replacement of lost / necrotic tissue with a new tissue that is similar to those that were destroyed?

A

REGENERATION RESOLUTION

63
Q

It is the death of the entire body

A

SOMATIC DEATH

64
Q

What type of changes can be observed immediately after death?

A

PRIMARY CHANGES

65
Q

Which of the ff are the primary changes

i. cardiac failure
ii. nervous failure
iii. putrefaction
iv. rigor mortis

A

i. cardiac failure
ii. nervous failure
(and respiratory failure)

66
Q

What type of changes can be observed few hours after death?

A

SECONDARY CHANGES

67
Q

this happens at the rate of 7 degrees Fahrenheit per hours

A

ALGOR MORTIS

68
Q

It is known as the cooling of the dead body

A

ALGOR MORTIS

69
Q

What causes a delay in algor mortis?

A

INFECTIOUS DISEASES FOLLOWED BY INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE

70
Q

This change is used to establish the time of death

A

ALGOR MORTIS

71
Q

It is known as the stiffening of the dead body

A

RIGOR MORTIS

72
Q

What causes a delay in rigor mortis?

A

COLD TEMPERATURE AND OBESE INDIVIDUALS

73
Q

How long does it take to complete the stiffening of the body?

A

6-8 HOURS

74
Q

How long does the stiffness remains?

A

12-36 HOURS

75
Q

Which factors accelerates the onset of stiffness?

A

WARM ENVIRONMENT AND INFANTS

76
Q

It is also known as Post-Mortem Hemolysis

A

LIVOR MORTIS

77
Q

Purplish discoloration occurs in which secondary changes

A

LIVOR MORTIS / POST-MORTEM HEMOLYSIS

78
Q

It can determine if the body position has changed at the scene of death

A

POST-MORTEM HEMOLYSIS

79
Q

The settling and separation of RBC from the fluid phase happens in which of the secondary changes

A

POST-MORTEM CLOTTING

80
Q

This occur due to the release of hydrolytic enzymes

A

AUTOLYSIS

81
Q

Rotting and decomposition by bacterial action in a dead body

A

PUTREFACTION

82
Q

Drying and wrinkling of cornea and anterior chamber

A

DESSICATION

83
Q

This is done to determine the cause of death

A

AUTOPSY / NECROPSY

84
Q

What type of autopsy is conducted by government agencies to address sudden, violent or unnatural deaths?

A

MEDICO LEGAL AUTOPSY

85
Q

Only the head of the dead body is being examined to determine the cause of death

A

PARTIAL AUTOPSY

86
Q

This type as to manner of incision is usually done in adult cadaver

A

Y-SHAPED INCISION

87
Q

The cadaver is opened from the xiphoid area and incised down to the pubis

A

Y-SHAPED INCISION

88
Q

The cadaver is opened from the suprasternal notch down to the pubis

A

STRAIGHT CUT

89
Q

This manner of incision is usually done in children and infants

A

STRAIGHT CUT

90
Q

Who advocated the autopsy technique in which the organ are removed separately one by one?

A

RUDOLF VIRCHOW

91
Q

What is/are the advantage/s of Virchow Technique?

A

QUICK AND SUITABLE FOR BEGINNERS

92
Q

Carl Rokitansky advocates what kind of autopsy method?

A

IN-SITU DISSECTION IN PART, COMBINED WITH EN BLOC REMOVAL

93
Q

Advantages & Disadvantages of Rokitansky’s Method

A

Advantages: In infected bodies (HIV, Hepatitis B) & considered good in children

Disadvantages: Difficult to perform

94
Q

Which of the autopsy technique involves the en bloc removal of organs?

A

ANTON GHON’S METHOD

95
Q

Who advocated the autopsy technique of organs are removed “en masses”?

A

MAURICE LETTULLE

96
Q

It is not a cellular adaptation mechanism

A

NEOPLASIA

97
Q

It is made up of neoplastic cells

A

PARENCHYMA

98
Q

It is made up of connective tissue framework which provides blood supply

A

STROMA

99
Q

Which of the following describes malignant tumor?

i. no spread of metastasis
ii. poorly differentiated
iii. no bleeding in cut surfaces
iv. remarkable pressure effect on neighboring tissues

A

ii. poorly differentiated
iv. remarkable pressure effect on neighboring tissues

100
Q

Which of the ff describes benign tumor?

i. noninvasive to another organ
ii. no spread or metastasis
iii. recurrence after surgery
iv. slowly growing mass

A

i. noninvasive to another organ
ii. no spread or metastasis
iv. slowly growing mass

101
Q

What is most common form of antibody used in IHC

A

IgG

102
Q

What is the most widely used labeling of antibodies?

A

HORSE RADISH PEROXIDASE (HRP)

103
Q

What are the commonly used enzymes in PIER method?

A

TRYPSIN AND PROTEASE

104
Q

What type of antibody which produced by different cells?

A

POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES

105
Q

This is produced from individual clone of plasma cell and can react only with one specific type of epitope

A

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY

MTAP 2 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions