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Histopath Flashcards

1
Q

What histological finding will be seen in the kidneys in cases of post-Streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

A

Immune complex deposition

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2
Q

Malignant HTN, what is the classic renal finding on histology

A

fibrinoid necrosis

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3
Q

What finding may be present in the kidneys in a patient with Multiple Myeloma?

A

Amyloid deposition

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4
Q

A man is found to have a tumour in head of his pancreas that has invaded into portal vein, and there is a palpable mass in the liver - cancer type?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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5
Q

Man with H pylori, abnormal area in antrum, mitotic figures and cells with raised nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, not invading the basement membrane

A

MALT (Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue) B cell lymphoma

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6
Q

Tumour with keratin and intercellular bridges

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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7
Q

Most common tumour of the appendix

A

Neuroendocrine tumour

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8
Q

Which cancer develops in Barrett’s oesophagus?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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9
Q

Which process takes place in the oesophagus in response to exposure to stomach acid?

A

Metaplasia

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10
Q

What happens to the body of the stomach in a patient with pernicious anaemia?

A

Chronic gastritis and atrophy

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11
Q

Which cancer is associated with H.Pylori infection?

A

MALT (B cell lymphoma)

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12
Q

Which cancer is associated with Coeliac disease patients, particularly if they do not control
their diet

A

Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma

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13
Q

Most common type of malignancy in the breast?

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

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14
Q

What breast cancer is also known as non-specific type?

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

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15
Q

Cancer which has a high, medium and low stage to it (breast)

A

Ductal carcinoma in situ

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16
Q

Fibro-epithelial tumour with abundant stromal elements

A

Phyllodes tumour

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17
Q

A man presents with the symptoms of a UTI and acute onset costovertebral pain. He is found to have pus cells and blood in his urine. What is the most likely cause?

A

Acute pylonephritis

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18
Q

A lady with loin-to-groin pain, haematuria and pain at the end of micturition. What is the most likely cause?

A

Renal calculi

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19
Q

A lady has frank painless haematuria and a mass palpable on one side. What is the most likely cause?

A

Renal cell carcinoma

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20
Q

Patient with a pancreatic mass following acute pancreatitis

A

Pancreatic pseudocyst

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21
Q

Patient with a history of severe abdominal pain; during cholecystectomy the surgeons noticed grey specks around and on the pancreas

A

Ductal adenocarcinoma

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22
Q

Patient with hypoglycaemia and pancreas mass

A

Insulinoma

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23
Q

Patient with a carcinoma in their liver, what was the original carcinoma in their pancreas that caused the metastases?

A

Ductal adenocarcinoma

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24
Q

The presence of what in the lymph nodes would support a diagnosis of sarcoidosis

A

granuloma

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25
Q

What is deposited in the kidneys in Multiple Myeloma?

A

AL Amyloids

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26
Q

Radiosensitive cancer of the testicle in a young man with a white/smooth appearance?

A

Seminoma

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27
Q

Patient with a cancer in their bladder following chronic schistosomiasis

A

Squamous cell carcimoma

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28
Q

Most common bladder cancer

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

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29
Q

Man goes deaf with bowed legs

A

Paget’s disease

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30
Q

Vertebral fracture, high paraprotein

A

MM

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31
Q

Eczematous nipple rash caused by individual ‘malignant cells’?

A

Paget’s breast

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32
Q

Which thyroid cancer most commonly metastasises to the lymph nodes?

A

Papillary

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33
Q

Calcitonin secreting tumour?

A

Medullary thyroid

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34
Q

What virus increases risk of nasopharyngeal cancer?

A

EBV

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35
Q

Young guy falls and hits head, two days later loses consciousness

A

subdural haemorrhage

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36
Q

An ovarian mass is found in a Japanese woman, and histology shows signet ring cells

A

Kruckenberg tumour – gastric metastasis

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37
Q

What liver change occurs in diabetic patients

A

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

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38
Q

A 15 year old presents with signs of ataxia. Imaging shows a brain tumour extending outwards from cerebellum and invading subarachnoid space. What is the most likely type?

A

Medulloblastoma

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39
Q

Most common oesophagal cancer in the UK

A

Adenocarcinoma

40
Q

What type of gastric cancer is most common?

A

Adenocarcinoma

41
Q

Which disease do you see in both MEN1 and MEN2a?

A

Parathyroid hyperplasia

42
Q

What type of shunt is seen in Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

R to L

43
Q

Insulinoma. What would you find?
Low cortisol, low free fatty acids, low pro-insulin, low glucagon, low c-peptide

A

Low free fatty acids

44
Q

Woman, non-smoker, peripheral lung tumour, which type is it most likely to be?

A

Adenocarcinoma

45
Q

Most common lung cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

46
Q

Squamous cell lung cancer - which paraneoplastic syndrome?

A

PTH secretion

47
Q

Small cell lung cancer - which paraneoplastic syndrome?

A

ADH (SIADH), ACTH secretion

48
Q

How does a melanoma spread?
a. Lymphoid
b. Haematological
c. Perineural
d. Iatrogenic
e. Transcoelomic

A

Lymphoid

49
Q

What is a common finding in someone who has portal hypertension?

A

Splenomegaly

50
Q

Which cancer is associated with asbestos?

A

Mesothelioma

51
Q

50 year old man with Midshaft femur fracture – What type of cancer?

A

Chondrosarcoma (most common above 40yo)

52
Q

Most common cause of constrictive pericarditis in the developing world

A

TB

53
Q

Commonest cause of portal vein thrombosis

A

liver cirrhosis

54
Q

Intestinal metaplasia in Barrett’s (columnar-lined) oesophagus is most commonly due to the presence of which cell?

A

goblet cells

55
Q

Which type of necrosis is associated with a MI?

A

Coagulative necrosis

56
Q

Most common ovarian tumour

A

serous cystadenoma

57
Q

Pulmonary oedema due to liver disease is an example of which type of cause of pulmonary oedema?
a) Lymphatic obstruction
b) Indirect injury to alveolar wall
c) Increased hydrostatic pressure
d) Direct injury to alveolar wall
e) Decreased osmotic pressure

A

increased hydrostatic pressure

58
Q

What is the most common cause of mitral valve stenosis?
a) Systemic lupus
b) Rheumatic heart disease
c) Pulmonary hypertension
d) Infective endocarditis
e) Congenital

A

Rheumatic heart disease

59
Q

Genetic haemochromatosis inheritance

A

AR

60
Q

Brain tumour which most commonly occurs near the surface of the brain and is frequently asymptomatic is most likely to be?
a) GBM
b) Haemangioma
c) Meningioma
d) Schwannoma
e) Oligodendroglioma

A

Meningioma

61
Q

In IVDU, which valve is characteristically associated with infectious endocarditis?

A

Tricuspid

62
Q

Non IVDU infectious endocarditis affected valve?

A

Mitral

63
Q

Most common skin cancer

A

BCC

64
Q

A 50 year old female presents to the ENT clinic following a recent admission of hypercalcaemia. Primary hyperparathyroidism secondary to adenoma is suspected. Which of the following investigations is most appropriate?

Neck US
CT Neck
MRI neck
Technetium 99m scan
US guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)

A

Technetium 99m scan - used for thyroid and parathyroid

65
Q

A patient presenting with SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion) is diagnosed with Craniopharyngioma. Which of the following visual defects is most likely to be seen?

Homonymous hemianopia
Bitemporal superior quandrantanopia
Bitemporal inferior quandrantanopia
Complete visual field loss
Central visual field defect

A

Bitemporal inferior quandrantanopia / hemianopia - both have come up so i’m not sure which one is more correct

(pituitary tumour would be superior)

66
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding astrocytomas?

Diffuse astrocytomas do not progress to IDH-mutant glioblastoma
Among IDH wildtype tumours, a genotype of 7q gain and 10q loss have a favorable outcome
IDH mutant astrocytomas have better prognosis compared with IDH wildtype
Pilocytic astrocytoma are more common in adults compared with children
Glioblastoma multiforme is considered a benign version with favorable prognosis

A

IDH mutant astrocytomas have better prognosis compared with IDH wildtype

this is from meded mock so not sure how high yield this is

67
Q

What is most likely seen on biopsy of a patient with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

A

Hurthle cells

68
Q

Alpha-fetoprotein

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

or yolk sac tumour

69
Q

What is the most common histologic type of carcinoma involving the oral cavity?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

70
Q

Hemangioblastomas of cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord and retina, with renal cysts and phaeochromocytoma

A

Von-Hippel Lindau syndrome

71
Q

Optic glioma - which neurocutaneous syndrome?

A

Neurofibromatosis 1

72
Q

Vestibular schwannoma, meningioma - which neurocutaneous disease

A

NF 2

73
Q

What is the most likely primary site of origin for clear cell carcinoma in the lung?

A

Kidneys

74
Q

A 39 year old male farmer from Southern Africa has been exposed to mouldy grain during his working life. He has worsening abdominal pain and jaundice. There is a large mass in the right lobe of his liver. Biopsy of the mass reveals hepatocellular carcinoma. What extrinsic agent is likely to have played a role in the development of this tumour?

A

Aflatoxin (produced by aspergillus)

75
Q

A young man presents with episodes of fever, pleurisy and peritonitis. Investigations confirm a mutation a of the MEFV gene encoding pyrin. Which drug inhibiting neutrophil function is regarded as the agent of choice for prophylaxis against acute febrile illness and prevention of amyloidosis?

A

Colchicine

76
Q

Name the most common cause of cancer death in males.

A

Lung

77
Q

MI histology findings under 6 hours

A

Normal

78
Q

MI histology findings 6-24h

A

Loss of nuclei, homogenous cytoplasm, necrotic cell death

79
Q

A man who smokes and drinks alcohol has cancer in the middle third of his oesophagus, what is the likely histopathology?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma - Smoking, drinking, middle third all point to this (altho smoking is also associated with adeno)

80
Q

Hirschprung’s histology

A

Absence of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus

81
Q

What bone cancer is most likely to develop in someone with Paget’s disease?

A

Osteosarcoma

82
Q

Most common brain cancer

A

Secondary mets

83
Q

Most common child brain cancer (primary)

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

84
Q

Most common primary adult brain cancer

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

85
Q

Raised AFP, ovarian tumour

A

Yolk sac tumour

86
Q

Most common melanoma?

A

Superficial spread, followed by nodular

87
Q

Hyperlipidaemia associated with acute pancreatitis?

A

high triglycerides

88
Q

Amyloid cardiomyopathy, what kind?

A

Restrictive

89
Q

Cortical veins in the brain, which type of haemorrhage does it cause?

A

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

90
Q

Pseudomyxoma peritonei, which cancer is it linked to?

A

Mucinous ovary tumour

91
Q

A 42 year old male with alcoholism and portal HTN presents with haematemesis and severe hypotension. He dies during attempted resuscitation. At post- mortem examination of the lower oesophagus, which is the most likely finding?

Acute inflammation
Colummar epithelium (Barrett metaplasia)
Decreased ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus
Dilated blood vessels in the submucosa
Mucosal outpouchings (diverticulae)

A

Dilated blood vessels in submucosa (varices)

92
Q

A 42 year old male with alcoholism. presents with signs of alcoholic hepatitis, A liver biopsy shows cytoplasmic regular eosinophilic hyaline bodies in the hepatocytes. From which substance are these inclusions formed?

Basement membrane material
Excess plasma proteins
Immunoglobulin
Lipofuscin
Pre-keratin intermediate filaments

A

Pre-keratin intermediate filaments

93
Q

Rubor is one of the cardinal signs of inflammation. Rubor is mainly due to which process?

Arterial vasoconstriction
Arteriolar vasodilatation
Decreased capillary permeability
Decreased interstitial hydrostatic pressure
Increased venular permeability

A

Vasodilation

94
Q

A 29 year old male presents with bloody diarrhoea. Barium examination reveals a characteristic “string sign.” At colonoscopy, the rectum and sigmoid colon appear normal. Biopsy from the terminal ileum reveals numerous acute and chronic inflammatory cells within the lamina propria. The distal ileum is resected and examination shows a thickened wall with long mucosal fissures extending deep into the wall. Which is the correct diagnosis?

Crohn’s disease.
Eosinophilic colitis
Infectious colitis
Lymphocytic colitis
Ulcerative colitis

A

Crohn’s

95
Q

Fibrovascular cores - what histopathological type of cancer?

A

Papillary

ppqs (10 decks)

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