Histopath Flashcards
What histological finding will be seen in the kidneys in cases of post-Streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Immune complex deposition
Malignant HTN, what is the classic renal finding on histology
fibrinoid necrosis
What finding may be present in the kidneys in a patient with Multiple Myeloma?
Amyloid deposition
A man is found to have a tumour in head of his pancreas that has invaded into portal vein, and there is a palpable mass in the liver - cancer type?
Adenocarcinoma
Man with H pylori, abnormal area in antrum, mitotic figures and cells with raised nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, not invading the basement membrane
MALT (Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue) B cell lymphoma
Tumour with keratin and intercellular bridges
Squamous cell carcinoma
Most common tumour of the appendix
Neuroendocrine tumour
Which cancer develops in Barrett’s oesophagus?
Adenocarcinoma
Which process takes place in the oesophagus in response to exposure to stomach acid?
Metaplasia
What happens to the body of the stomach in a patient with pernicious anaemia?
Chronic gastritis and atrophy
Which cancer is associated with H.Pylori infection?
MALT (B cell lymphoma)
Which cancer is associated with Coeliac disease patients, particularly if they do not control
their diet
Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma
Most common type of malignancy in the breast?
Invasive ductal carcinoma
What breast cancer is also known as non-specific type?
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Cancer which has a high, medium and low stage to it (breast)
Ductal carcinoma in situ
Fibro-epithelial tumour with abundant stromal elements
Phyllodes tumour
A man presents with the symptoms of a UTI and acute onset costovertebral pain. He is found to have pus cells and blood in his urine. What is the most likely cause?
Acute pylonephritis
A lady with loin-to-groin pain, haematuria and pain at the end of micturition. What is the most likely cause?
Renal calculi
A lady has frank painless haematuria and a mass palpable on one side. What is the most likely cause?
Renal cell carcinoma
Patient with a pancreatic mass following acute pancreatitis
Pancreatic pseudocyst
Patient with a history of severe abdominal pain; during cholecystectomy the surgeons noticed grey specks around and on the pancreas
Ductal adenocarcinoma
Patient with hypoglycaemia and pancreas mass
Insulinoma
Patient with a carcinoma in their liver, what was the original carcinoma in their pancreas that caused the metastases?
Ductal adenocarcinoma
The presence of what in the lymph nodes would support a diagnosis of sarcoidosis
granuloma
What is deposited in the kidneys in Multiple Myeloma?
AL Amyloids
Radiosensitive cancer of the testicle in a young man with a white/smooth appearance?
Seminoma
Patient with a cancer in their bladder following chronic schistosomiasis
Squamous cell carcimoma
Most common bladder cancer
Transitional cell carcinoma
Man goes deaf with bowed legs
Paget’s disease
Vertebral fracture, high paraprotein
MM
Eczematous nipple rash caused by individual ‘malignant cells’?
Paget’s breast
Which thyroid cancer most commonly metastasises to the lymph nodes?
Papillary
Calcitonin secreting tumour?
Medullary thyroid
What virus increases risk of nasopharyngeal cancer?
EBV
Young guy falls and hits head, two days later loses consciousness
subdural haemorrhage
An ovarian mass is found in a Japanese woman, and histology shows signet ring cells
Kruckenberg tumour – gastric metastasis
What liver change occurs in diabetic patients
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
A 15 year old presents with signs of ataxia. Imaging shows a brain tumour extending outwards from cerebellum and invading subarachnoid space. What is the most likely type?
Medulloblastoma
Most common oesophagal cancer in the UK
Adenocarcinoma
What type of gastric cancer is most common?
Adenocarcinoma
Which disease do you see in both MEN1 and MEN2a?
Parathyroid hyperplasia
What type of shunt is seen in Tetralogy of Fallot?
R to L
Insulinoma. What would you find?
Low cortisol, low free fatty acids, low pro-insulin, low glucagon, low c-peptide
Low free fatty acids
Woman, non-smoker, peripheral lung tumour, which type is it most likely to be?
Adenocarcinoma
Most common lung cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell lung cancer - which paraneoplastic syndrome?
PTH secretion
Small cell lung cancer - which paraneoplastic syndrome?
ADH (SIADH), ACTH secretion
How does a melanoma spread?
a. Lymphoid
b. Haematological
c. Perineural
d. Iatrogenic
e. Transcoelomic
Lymphoid
What is a common finding in someone who has portal hypertension?
Splenomegaly
Which cancer is associated with asbestos?
Mesothelioma
50 year old man with Midshaft femur fracture – What type of cancer?
Chondrosarcoma (most common above 40yo)
Most common cause of constrictive pericarditis in the developing world
TB
Commonest cause of portal vein thrombosis
liver cirrhosis
Intestinal metaplasia in Barrett’s (columnar-lined) oesophagus is most commonly due to the presence of which cell?
goblet cells
Which type of necrosis is associated with a MI?
Coagulative necrosis
Most common ovarian tumour
serous cystadenoma
Pulmonary oedema due to liver disease is an example of which type of cause of pulmonary oedema?
a) Lymphatic obstruction
b) Indirect injury to alveolar wall
c) Increased hydrostatic pressure
d) Direct injury to alveolar wall
e) Decreased osmotic pressure
increased hydrostatic pressure
What is the most common cause of mitral valve stenosis?
a) Systemic lupus
b) Rheumatic heart disease
c) Pulmonary hypertension
d) Infective endocarditis
e) Congenital
Rheumatic heart disease
Genetic haemochromatosis inheritance
AR
Brain tumour which most commonly occurs near the surface of the brain and is frequently asymptomatic is most likely to be?
a) GBM
b) Haemangioma
c) Meningioma
d) Schwannoma
e) Oligodendroglioma
Meningioma
In IVDU, which valve is characteristically associated with infectious endocarditis?
Tricuspid
Non IVDU infectious endocarditis affected valve?
Mitral
Most common skin cancer
BCC
A 50 year old female presents to the ENT clinic following a recent admission of hypercalcaemia. Primary hyperparathyroidism secondary to adenoma is suspected. Which of the following investigations is most appropriate?
Neck US
CT Neck
MRI neck
Technetium 99m scan
US guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)
Technetium 99m scan - used for thyroid and parathyroid
A patient presenting with SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion) is diagnosed with Craniopharyngioma. Which of the following visual defects is most likely to be seen?
Homonymous hemianopia
Bitemporal superior quandrantanopia
Bitemporal inferior quandrantanopia
Complete visual field loss
Central visual field defect
Bitemporal inferior quandrantanopia / hemianopia - both have come up so i’m not sure which one is more correct
(pituitary tumour would be superior)
Which of the following statements is true regarding astrocytomas?
Diffuse astrocytomas do not progress to IDH-mutant glioblastoma
Among IDH wildtype tumours, a genotype of 7q gain and 10q loss have a favorable outcome
IDH mutant astrocytomas have better prognosis compared with IDH wildtype
Pilocytic astrocytoma are more common in adults compared with children
Glioblastoma multiforme is considered a benign version with favorable prognosis
IDH mutant astrocytomas have better prognosis compared with IDH wildtype
this is from meded mock so not sure how high yield this is
What is most likely seen on biopsy of a patient with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?
Hurthle cells
Alpha-fetoprotein
hepatocellular carcinoma
or yolk sac tumour
What is the most common histologic type of carcinoma involving the oral cavity?
squamous cell carcinoma
Hemangioblastomas of cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord and retina, with renal cysts and phaeochromocytoma
Von-Hippel Lindau syndrome
Optic glioma - which neurocutaneous syndrome?
Neurofibromatosis 1
Vestibular schwannoma, meningioma - which neurocutaneous disease
NF 2
What is the most likely primary site of origin for clear cell carcinoma in the lung?
Kidneys
A 39 year old male farmer from Southern Africa has been exposed to mouldy grain during his working life. He has worsening abdominal pain and jaundice. There is a large mass in the right lobe of his liver. Biopsy of the mass reveals hepatocellular carcinoma. What extrinsic agent is likely to have played a role in the development of this tumour?
Aflatoxin (produced by aspergillus)
A young man presents with episodes of fever, pleurisy and peritonitis. Investigations confirm a mutation a of the MEFV gene encoding pyrin. Which drug inhibiting neutrophil function is regarded as the agent of choice for prophylaxis against acute febrile illness and prevention of amyloidosis?
Colchicine
Name the most common cause of cancer death in males.
Lung
MI histology findings under 6 hours
Normal
MI histology findings 6-24h
Loss of nuclei, homogenous cytoplasm, necrotic cell death
A man who smokes and drinks alcohol has cancer in the middle third of his oesophagus, what is the likely histopathology?
Squamous cell carcinoma - Smoking, drinking, middle third all point to this (altho smoking is also associated with adeno)
Hirschprung’s histology
Absence of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus
What bone cancer is most likely to develop in someone with Paget’s disease?
Osteosarcoma
Most common brain cancer
Secondary mets
Most common child brain cancer (primary)
pilocytic astrocytoma
Most common primary adult brain cancer
Glioblastoma multiforme
Raised AFP, ovarian tumour
Yolk sac tumour
Most common melanoma?
Superficial spread, followed by nodular
Hyperlipidaemia associated with acute pancreatitis?
high triglycerides
Amyloid cardiomyopathy, what kind?
Restrictive
Cortical veins in the brain, which type of haemorrhage does it cause?
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Pseudomyxoma peritonei, which cancer is it linked to?
Mucinous ovary tumour
A 42 year old male with alcoholism and portal HTN presents with haematemesis and severe hypotension. He dies during attempted resuscitation. At post- mortem examination of the lower oesophagus, which is the most likely finding?
Acute inflammation
Colummar epithelium (Barrett metaplasia)
Decreased ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus
Dilated blood vessels in the submucosa
Mucosal outpouchings (diverticulae)
Dilated blood vessels in submucosa (varices)
A 42 year old male with alcoholism. presents with signs of alcoholic hepatitis, A liver biopsy shows cytoplasmic regular eosinophilic hyaline bodies in the hepatocytes. From which substance are these inclusions formed?
Basement membrane material
Excess plasma proteins
Immunoglobulin
Lipofuscin
Pre-keratin intermediate filaments
Pre-keratin intermediate filaments
Rubor is one of the cardinal signs of inflammation. Rubor is mainly due to which process?
Arterial vasoconstriction
Arteriolar vasodilatation
Decreased capillary permeability
Decreased interstitial hydrostatic pressure
Increased venular permeability
Vasodilation
A 29 year old male presents with bloody diarrhoea. Barium examination reveals a characteristic “string sign.” At colonoscopy, the rectum and sigmoid colon appear normal. Biopsy from the terminal ileum reveals numerous acute and chronic inflammatory cells within the lamina propria. The distal ileum is resected and examination shows a thickened wall with long mucosal fissures extending deep into the wall. Which is the correct diagnosis?
Crohn’s disease.
Eosinophilic colitis
Infectious colitis
Lymphocytic colitis
Ulcerative colitis
Crohn’s
Fibrovascular cores - what histopathological type of cancer?
Papillary
