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HTMLE > histopath > Flashcards

histopath Flashcards

1
Q

Nuclear Fixatives

A 
Heidenhain's
Flemming w/ HAC
Newcomer's
Bovin's
Carnoy's
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2
Q

Cytoplasmic fixative

A 
Orth's
Helly's (Zenker Formol)
Formalin w/post chroming
Flemming w/o HAC
Muller's (Raygaurd)
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3
Q

histochemical fixatives

A

10% formol-saline
Absolute ethanol
Newcomer’s
acetone

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4
Q

best for iron-containing tissues

A

10% NBF

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5
Q

for preservation of glycogen; fix sputum

A

Gendre’s fluid (alcoholic formalin)

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6
Q

for fixation of CNS tissues and general post mortem tissues

A

10% formol saline

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7
Q

fixative that Contains mercuric chloride

A

Formol corrosive/sublimate

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8
Q

fixatives For acid mucopolysaccharides (Wharton’s Jelly)

A

Lead fixatives

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9
Q

Preserves carbohydrates; strong oxidizing agent

A

Chromic acid

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10
Q

Preserves mitochondria; lipids in cryostat sections

A

Potassium dichromate

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11
Q

for chromatin, mitochondria, mitotic figures, golgi bodies, rbc and colloid containing tissues

A

Regaud’s/Muller’s

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12
Q

degenerative processes; demonstration of rickettsia

A

Orth’s fluid

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13
Q

for fixing small pieces of liver, spleen, CT fibers and nuclei

A

Zenker’s fluid

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14
Q

Fixative for pituitary gland, bone marrow, and blood containing organs (spleen and liver)

A

Zenker’s formol/Helly’s fluid

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15
Q

for tumor biopsies of skin; counterbalance effect

A

Heidenhain’s susa

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16
Q

fixative for bone marrow biopsies

A

B-5 fixatives

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17
Q

Excellent fixative for dry and wet smears and blood smears

A

methanol

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18
Q

Fixative for exfoliative cytology

A

Ethanol

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19
Q

For fixing touch preparations

A

Isopropanolol

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20
Q

Most rapid fixative
for brain tissue
for diagnosis of rabies

A

Carnoy’s

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21
Q

Both nuclear and histochemical fixative

A

Newcomer’s

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22
Q

Fixation of embryo’s and pituitary biopsies

A

Bouin’s fluid

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23
Q

Best for glycogen demonstration

A

Brasil’s alcoholic picroformol

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24
Q

Electron microscopy (stains black)

A

Osmium tetroxide

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25
Q

Demonstrate lipases and phosphatases; rabies

A

Acetone

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26
Q

Most common and fastest decalcifying agent

A

Aqueous nitric acid

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27
Q

Decalcifies and softens

A

Perenyi’s fluid

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28
Q

Most rapid decalcifying agent

A

Phlerogluan nitric acid

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29
Q

For teeth and small pieces of bone

A

Von ebner’s fluid

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30
Q

Best dehydrating agent

A

Ethanol

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31
Q

For blood tissue films and for smear prep

A

Methanol

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32
Q

For plants and animal biopsies

A

Butanol

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33
Q

clearing agents for CNS tissues

A

Cedarwood oil

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34
Q

clearing agents for embryos, insects, and very delicate specimens

A

Aniline oil

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35
Q

clearing agent that has a tendency to become adulterated

A

Clove oil

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36
Q

clearing agent used when double embedding techniques are required

A

Methylbenzoate and methylsalicylate

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37
Q

clearing agent for urgent biopsies

A

Benzene

38
Q

clearing agent for large and tough tissue specimens

A

Chloroform

39
Q

Very low temperature may induce precipitation of white deposits

A

paraformaldehyde

40
Q

removes paraformaldehyde deposits

A

10% methanol

41
Q

Use of mercuric chloride as fixative may lead to

A

black colored deposits

42
Q

removes tissue deposits from mercuric chloride

A

saturated iodine in 96% alcohol

43
Q

fixative of choice of preservation of cell detail in tissue photography

A

mercuric chloride

44
Q

also known as formol sublimate

A

formol corrosive

45
Q

also known as alcoholic formalin

A

gendre’s fixative

46
Q

also known as osmic acid

A

osmium tetroxide

47
Q

also known as Zenker formol

A

Helly’s solution

48
Q

Also known as Moller’s fluid

A

Regaud’s fluid

49
Q

Reagent for washing out excess mercuric fixatives

A

alcoholic iodine

50
Q

Removes excess chromates from tissues fixed in Helly’s Zenker’s and Flemming solns, excess formalin and excess osmic acid

A

Tap water

51
Q

Wash out excess amount of picric acid (Bouin’s soln)

A

50-70% alcohollllllll

52
Q

can act both as dehydrating and clearing agent

A

tetrahydrofuran
dioxane
oil of bergamot

53
Q

routing dehydrating agent

A

ethanol

54
Q

advantages of ETOH as dehydrating agent

A

Fast acting
mixes with water
penetrates tissues easily
not poisonous and not very expensive

55
Q

Embedding medium used for EM

A

plastic (epoxy, plopyester, acrylic)

56
Q

Reco infiltrating agent when histochemical and enzymatic studies

A

gelatin

57
Q

Most commonly used decalcifying agent

A

Nitric acid

58
Q

fastest decal agent

A

nitric acid

59
Q

color imparted by nitric acid

A

yellow

60
Q

tissue softener and a decal agent

A

perenyi’s fluid

61
Q

clearing agent specially reco for central nervous tissue

A

cedarwood oil

62
Q

usual primary fixative for secondary fixation

A

10% formalin or 10% formol saline

63
Q

suited for sectioning specimens embedded in all forms of media, esp for cutting sections from tough tissue blocks which may offer great resistance to the knife

A

Base-sledge sliding microtome

64
Q

most dangerous type of microtome due to the movable exposed knife
esp recommended for cutting extremely hard and rough tissue blocks

A

standard sliding microtome

65
Q

cutting angle

A

14 degree

66
Q

oven temp where paraffin is stored

A

55-60C

or 2-5C above the melting point of wax

67
Q

temp of microtome inside a cryostat

A

-20C

68
Q

slides for routine

A

clean slides
76 x 25 mm
1.0 to 1.2 mm thick

69
Q

temp of water bath

A

10c below the melting point of paraffin wax

70
Q

staining tech for nuclear DNA

A

fuelgen
dna - red purple
cytoplasm - green

71
Q

DNA - green or blue green

RNA - rose red

A

Methyl green pyronin

72
Q

Fluorescent staining for RNA and DNA

A

acridine orange
dna - yellow green fluorescence
rna - brick to orange red

73
Q

Cytoplasmic stain in pap stain tech

A

OG-6 (Orange green 6)

74
Q

Stains cytoplasm of mature superficial cells

A

OG-6

75
Q

most rapid decal agent

A

phloroglucin-nitric acid

76
Q

color imparted by phloroglucin-nitric acid

A

yellow

77
Q

neutralizes the color imparted by phloroglucin-nitric acid

A

5% sodium sulfate

78
Q

best and fast-acting dehydrating agent

A

ethanol

79
Q

simplest, most common and best embedding medium

A

paraffin

80
Q

most common staining method for microanatomical study of tissues

A

H&E

81
Q

Most common metallic fixative

A

mercuric chloride

82
Q

reco amt of fixative for routine purposes

A

20X of vol of tissue

83
Q

reco amt of fixative if osmium tetroxide is used

A

5-10x the vol of tissue

84
Q

reco ratio of fluid to tissue vol for decal

A

20:1

85
Q

vol of dehydrating agent

A

not less than 10x

86
Q

vol of impregnating medium

A

25x

87
Q

products of individual clone of plasma cells

A

monoclonal antibodies

88
Q

usual animal used for monoclonal Ab prod

A

Mice

89
Q

most frequently used animal for production of polyclonal Ab

A

rabbit>goat>pig>sheep>horse>guinea pig

90
Q

Avitin-Biotin complex (ABC) techniques and peroxidase and anti-peroxidase (PAP) tech

A

soluble enzyme immune complex tech (unlabeled Ab)

91
Q

Fault due to incomplete impregnation

remedied by repeating impreg

A

airholes

92
Q

sections fail to form ribbons

A

paraffin wax too hard
knife tilted too much
sections are too thick

HTMLE (9 decks)

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