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Genomes and Gene Control > Histone Modifications and Variants > Flashcards

Histone Modifications and Variants Flashcards

1
Q

H4K5 Ac

A

Tx active

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2
Q

H4K8 Ac

A

Tx active

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3
Q

H4K12 Ac

A

Tx active

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4
Q

H4K16 Ac

A

Tx active

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5
Q

H3K9 Ac

A

Tx active

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6
Q

H3K14 Ac

A

Tx active

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7
Q

H3K27 Ac

A

Tx active

  • enhancer
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8
Q

H3K4 Me

A

Tx active

  • Methylated by MLL/SET1
  • Me1 –> active enhancer
  • Me3 –> active promotor (CpG) –>recruited by TFIID
  • Me2 –> downstream in gene –> Set3 HDAC –> Less H3/H4 acetylation in 5’ end of genes
  • H3K4me3 inhibits Dnmt3 –> reinforces the DNA hypomethylated state
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9
Q

H3K36 Me

A

Tx active

H3K36me3:

  • All regions of the gene, mostly to the end
  • methylated by SET2 (attracted by CTD-Ser2-Ph)
  • and then recruits HDAC complexes

-H3K36 promotes Dnmt3

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10
Q

H3K79 Me

A

Tx active

  • Located primarily near start of gene, gradient to end of gene
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11
Q

H3S10 Ph

A

Tx active (also involved in mitosis/chromosome segregation)

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12
Q

H2BK120 Ub1

A

Tx active

Required for:

  • H3K4 me2/me3 (SET1/compass)
  • H3K79me3 (Dot1L)

Removed by DUB-domain of STAGA

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13
Q

..R. Me

A

Tx active (methylated H4R3 facilitates H4 acetylation)

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14
Q

H4 deAc

A

Tx inactive

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15
Q

H3K. deAc

A

Tx inactive

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16
Q

H3K9 Me3

H3K9me2

A

H3K9me3:
Tx inactive
- Methylated by SUV3-9
- constitutive heterochromatin

H3K9me2 (Trx inactive mark, around TSS):

  • prohibiting acetylation
  • recruiting transcriptional repressors
  • Bound by Stella in the maternal pronucleus and protects 5mC from TET3-mediated conversion into 5hmC
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17
Q

H4K20 Me

A

Tx inactive

18
Q

H3K27 Me

A

Tx inactive

  • Methylated by EZH2
  • Polycomb regulated genes
  • H3K27 at repressed promotors
19
Q

H3K4 deMe

A

Tx inactive

  • Me3 –> active promotor
  • Me1 –> enhancer
20
Q

H1K26 Me

A

Tx inactive

  • Methylated by Ezh2
21
Q

H2AK119 Ub1

A 
Tx inactive (PcG mediated silencing)
- At repressed promotor
22
Q

H2A.Z

A
  • Promotes transcription
  • 5” end of genes (beginning of gene)
  • Heterochromatin boundaries
  • Incorporated by Swr1, removed by Ino80
  • Less stable than H2A
23
Q

macroH2A

A
  • Mainly on inactivated X-chromosome

- Reduces recruitment of SWI/SNF crc

24
Q

H2A.Bbd

A
  • Active regions
  • Loose chromatin
  • Spermatogenesis
25
Q

H3.3

A
  • Nearly identical to H3 (A31S)
  • H3.3S31 Ph –> chromotin compaction
  • Transcribed regions, promotors, enhancers
  • If nucleosome is lost independent of replication, a H3.3/H4 dimer is placed as repair
  • Inhibits H1
26
Q

H1

A
  • Everywhere, eu- & heterochromatin
  • Lower H1 near TrStSi and active genes
  • Low H1 –> High H3.3!
  • H3.3 inhibits H1
  • H1 –| HMT (histon methyl transferase)
  • H1 –> DNA methyltransferase –> DNA methylation
27
Q

H2B.FWT

A
  • Enriched at telomeres

- Expressed in testes only

28
Q

H2A.X

A
  • DNA repair (NHEJ)
29
Q

CENP-A

A
  • H3 variant in centromere

- Determines the kinetochore position(s) on each chromosome

30
Q

EZH2

A

Methylates:

  • H3K27 Me3
  • H1K26 Me
31
Q

MLL/Set1

A

Methylates:
- H3K4 Me

Recruited to 5’ end of genes by CTD-Ser5-Ph

32
Q

SUV39

A

Methylates:

- H3K9 Me

33
Q

Bromo domain recognizes:

A

Acetylation

34
Q

Chromo domain recognizes:

A

K-Me (methylated lysines)

35
Q

PHD domain recognizes:

A

K-Me (methylated lysines)

36
Q

Tudor domain recognizes:

A

K-Me (methylated lysines) and R-Me (methylated arginines)

37
Q

H4K8

A

in enhancer, recruits Swi/Snf

38
Q

H3K4me0 + H3K36me3

A

Signal for de novo methylation

39
Q

PolyUb protein with K48Ub

A

leads to degradation by the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome

40
Q

PolyUb protein with K63Ub

A

Signal specific pathway

Genomes and Gene Control (2 decks)

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